The temperature on October 20, 1861 was about 13.4 °C. The air pressure was 6.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south east. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 57%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
January 1 » Liberal forces supporting Benito Juárez enter Mexico City.
January 3 » American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the United States.
January 9 » Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union before the outbreak of the American Civil War.
May 6 » American Civil War: Arkansas secedes from the Union.
June 1 » American Civil War: The Battle of Fairfax Court House is fought.
July 25 » American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Crittenden–Johnson Resolution, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery.
Christening day April 2, 1873
The temperature on April 2, 1873 was about 16.2 °C. The air pressure was 3 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 54%. Source: KNMI
From July 6, 1872 till August 27, 1874 the Netherlands had a cabinet De Vries - Fransen van de Putte with the prime ministers Mr. G. de Vries Azn. (liberaal) and I.D. Fransen van de Putte (liberaal).
March 3 » Censorship in the United States: The U.S. Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any "obscene literature and articles of immoral use" through the mail.
March 22 » The Spanish National Assembly abolishes slavery in Puerto Rico.
April 4 » The Kennel Club is founded, the oldest and first official registry of purebred dogs in the world.
July 21 » At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West.
October 3 » Chief Kintpuash and companions are hanged for their part in the Modoc War of northern California.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Bob Smith, "Family tree Smith", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-smith/I24990.php : accessed March 5, 2026), "Justina Christina Merling (1861-????)".
Copy warning
Genealogical publications are copyright protected. Although data is often retrieved from public archives, the searching, interpreting, collecting, selecting and sorting of the data results in a unique product. Copyright protected work may not simply be copied or republished.
Please stick to the following rules
Request permission to copy data or at least inform the author, chances are that the author gives permission, often the contact also leads to more exchange of data.
Do not use this data until you have checked it, preferably at the source (the archives).
State from whom you have copied the data and ideally also his/her original source.