The temperature on June 30, 1870 was about 18.3 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 58%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
June 22 » The United States Department of Justice is created by the U.S. Congress.
July 15 » Reconstruction Era of the United States: Georgia becomes the last of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.
July 15 » Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories are established from these vast territories.
July 19 » Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
August 18 » Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Gravelotte is fought.
October 2 » A plebiscite held in Rome, supports annexation of city of Rome by the Kingdom of Italy.
Day of death October 31, 1905
The temperature on October 31, 1905 was between 5.7 °C and 11.4 °C and averaged 8.5 °C. There was 1.4 hours of sunshine (14%). The average windspeed was 5 Bft (very strong wind) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 1, 1901 to August 16, 1905 the cabinet Kuijper, with Dr. A. Kuijper (AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 17, 1905 to February 11, 1908 the cabinet De Meester, with Mr. Th. de Meester (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
June 7 » Norway's parliament dissolves its union with Sweden. The vote was confirmed by a national plebiscite on August 13 of that year.
June 27 » During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin.
September 5 » Russo-Japanese War: In New Hampshire, United States, the Treaty of Portsmouth, mediated by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, ends the war.
October 26 » King Oscar II recognizes the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden.
November 21 » Albert Einstein's paper that leads to the mass–energy equivalence formula, E=mc², is published in the journal Annalen der Physik.
December 11 » A workers' uprising occurs in Kiev, Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire), and establishes the Shuliavka Republic.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Bob Smith, "Family tree Smith", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-smith/I18754.php : accessed February 27, 2026), "Karel Esche (1870-1905)".
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