The temperature on June 30, 1870 was about 18.3 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 58%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
January 23 » In Montana, U.S. cavalrymen kill 173 Native Americans, mostly women and children, in what becomes known as the Marias Massacre.
February 3 » The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing voting rights to male citizens regardless of race.
July 19 » Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
August 2 » Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London, England, United Kingdom.
August 18 » Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Gravelotte is fought.
October 7 » Franco-Prussian War: Léon Gambetta escapes the siege of Paris in a hot-air balloon.
Day of death October 31, 1905
The temperature on October 31, 1905 was between 5.7 °C and 11.4 °C and averaged 8.5 °C. There was 1.4 hours of sunshine (14%). The average windspeed was 5 Bft (very strong wind) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 1, 1901 to August 16, 1905 the cabinet Kuijper, with Dr. A. Kuijper (AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 17, 1905 to February 11, 1908 the cabinet De Meester, with Mr. Th. de Meester (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
April 30 » Albert Einstein completes his doctoral thesis at the University of Zurich.
August 10 » Russo-Japanese War: Peace negotiations begin in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
September 5 » Russo-Japanese War: In New Hampshire, United States, the Treaty of Portsmouth, mediated by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, ends the war.
September 8 » The 7.2 Mw Calabria earthquake shakes southern Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing between 557 and 2,500 people.
September 23 » Norway and Sweden sign the "Karlstad treaty", peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.
December 11 » A workers' uprising occurs in Kiev, Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire), and establishes the Shuliavka Republic.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Bob Smith, "Family tree Smith", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-smith/I18754.php : accessed January 11, 2026), "Karel Esche (1870-1905)".
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