The temperature on December 3, 1839 was about 1.0 °C. Wind direction mainly east. Weather type: betrokken sneeuw winderig. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 9 » The French Academy of Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process.
April 19 » The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom and guarantees its neutrality.
July 2 » Twenty miles off the coast of Cuba, 53 kidnapped Africans led by Joseph Cinqué mutiny and take over the slave ship Amistad.
August 23 » The United Kingdom captures Hong Kong as a base as it prepares for the First Opium War with Qing China.
September 4 » Battle of Kowloon: British vessels open fire on Chinese war junks enforcing a food sales embargo on the British community in China in the first armed conflict of the First Opium War.
November 27 » In Boston, Massachusetts, the American Statistical Association is founded.
Day of marriage August 8, 1861
The temperature on August 8, 1861 was about 17.8 °C. There was 8 mm of rain. The air pressure was 18 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 94%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
January 19 » American Civil War: Georgia joins South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, and Alabama in declaring secession from the United States.
May 13 » The Great Comet of 1861 is discovered by John Tebbutt of Windsor, New South Wales, Australia.
June 10 » American Civil War: Battle of Big Bethel: Confederate troops under John B. Magruder defeat a much larger Union force led by General Ebenezer W. Pierce in Virginia.
October 9 » American Civil War: Union troops repel a Confederate attempt to capture Fort Pickens.
October 25 » The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
November 9 » The first documented football match in Canada is played at University College, Toronto.
Day of death November 8, 1898
The temperature on November 8, 1898 was about 13.9 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 60%. Source: KNMI
January 1 » New York, New York annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The four initial boroughs, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and The Bronx, are joined on January 25 by Staten Island to create the modern city of five boroughs.
February 7 » Dreyfus affair: Émile Zola is brought to trial for libel for publishing J'Accuse…!.
April 20 » U.S. President William McKinley signed a joint resolution to Congress for declaration of war against Spain, beginning the Spanish–American War.
June 13 » Yukon Territory is formed, with Dawson chosen as its capital.
September 21 » Empress Dowager Cixi seizes power and ends the Hundred Days' Reform in China.
December 3 » The Duquesne Country and Athletic Club defeated an all-star collection of early football players 16–0, in what is considered to be the very first all-star game for professional American football.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hans Middendorp, "Family tree Simmers uit Zierikzee en Stavenisse in Zeeland ", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-simmers/I34547.php : accessed March 2, 2026), "Lea Sanders (1839-1898)".
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