The temperature on October 12, 1857 was about 13.1 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
March 23 » Elisha Otis's first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway New York City.
March 29 » Sepoy Mangal Pandey of the 34th Regiment, Bengal Native Infantry mutinies against the East India Company's rule in India and inspires the protracted Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.
July 18 » Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war against the French.
September 11 » The Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.
September 12 » The SSCentral America sinks about 160 miles east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, drowning a total of 426 passengers and crew, including Captain William Lewis Herndon. The ship was carrying 13–15 tons of gold from the California Gold Rush.
October 24 » Sheffield F.C., the world's oldest association football club still in operation, is founded in England.
Day of marriage February 6, 1884
The temperature on February 6, 1884 was about 6.3 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 82%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
March 13 » The Siege of Khartoum begins. It lasts until January 26, 1885.
May 1 » Moses Fleetwood Walker becomes the first black person to play in a professional baseball game in the United States.
June 16 » The first purpose-built roller coaster, LaMarcus Adna Thompson's "Switchback Railway", opens in New York's Coney Island amusement park.
July 3 » Dow Jones & Company publishes its first stock average.
August 5 » The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe's Island (now Liberty Island) in New York Harbor.
October 13 » The International Meridian Conference establishes the meridian of the Greenwich Observatory as the prime meridian.
Day of death July 25, 1937
The temperature on July 25, 1937 was between 11.0 °C and 18.1 °C and averaged 14.7 °C. There was 4.7 mm of rain during 3.8 hours. There was 0.7 hours of sunshine (4%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-southwest. Source: KNMI
April 30 » The Commonwealth of the Philippines holds a plebiscite for Filipino women on whether they should be extended the right to suffrage; over 90% would vote in the affirmative.
June 14 » Pennsylvania becomes the first (and only) state of the United States to celebrate Flag Day officially as a state holiday.
July 24 » Alabama drops rape charges against the "Scottsboro Boys".
August 14 » The beginning of air-to-air combat of the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II in general, when six Japanese bombers are shot down by Chinese fighters while raiding Chinese air bases.
October 9 » Murder of 9 Catholic priests in Zhengding, China, who protected the local population from the advancing Japanese army.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: T.N.S. Roks-Scheffer, "Family tree Roks/Scheffer", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-roks-scheffer/I2155.php : accessed March 5, 2026), "Rijkje Roks (1857-1937)".
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