The temperature on July 1, 1857 was about 15.9 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The atmospheric humidity was 82%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
March 29 » Sepoy Mangal Pandey of the 34th Regiment, Bengal Native Infantry mutinies against the East India Company's rule in India and inspires the protracted Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.
May 10 » Indian Rebellion of 1857: In India, the first war of Independence begins. Sepoys mutiny against their commanding officers at Meerut.
July 18 » Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war against the French.
September 12 » The SSCentral America sinks about 160 miles east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, drowning a total of 426 passengers and crew, including Captain William Lewis Herndon. The ship was carrying 13–15 tons of gold from the California Gold Rush.
September 22 » The Russian warship Lefort capsizes and sinks during a storm in the Gulf of Finland, killing all 826 aboard.
October 24 » Sheffield F.C., the world's oldest association football club still in operation, is founded in England.
Day of marriage August 13, 1889
The temperature on August 13, 1889 was about 17.7 °C. There was 0.2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 12 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 60%. Source: KNMI
January 8 » Herman Hollerith is issued US patent #395,791 for the 'Art of Applying Statistics' — his punched card calculator.
March 23 » The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is established by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, British India.
April 1 » The University of Northern Colorado was established, as the Colorado State Normal School.
June 29 » Hyde Park and several other Illinois townships vote to be annexed by Chicago, forming the largest United States city in area and second largest in population at the time.
July 11 » Tijuana, Mexico, is founded.
November 8 » Montana is admitted as the 41st U.S. state.
Day of death March 13, 1937
The temperature on March 13, 1937 was between 2.8 °C and 8.9 °C and averaged 5.3 °C. There was 1.0 mm of rain during 0.6 hours. There was 3.6 hours of sunshine (31%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
July 8 » Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan sign the Treaty of Saadabad.
August 1 » Josip Broz Tito reads the resolution "Manifesto of constitutional congress of KPH" to the constitutive congress of KPH (Croatian Communist Party) in woods near Samobor.
August 2 » The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 is passed in America, the effect of which is to render marijuana and all its by-products illegal.
August 24 » Spanish Civil War: Sovereign Council of Asturias and León is proclaimed in Gijón.
September 5 » Spanish Civil War: Llanes falls to the Nationalists following a one-day siege.
November 1 » Stalinists execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of Azerbaijan's Lutheran community.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Rob Heesters, "Family tree Rob Heesters", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-rob-heesters/I2795.php : accessed February 12, 2026), "Helena Cornelia Braun (1857-1937)".
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