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Birthday April 3, 1863

• The temperature on April 3, 1863 was about 7.6 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m² and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 83%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1863: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • January 10 » The Metropolitan Railway, the world's oldest underground railway, opens between Paddington and Farringdon, marking the beginning of the London Underground.
  • February 17 » A group of citizens of Geneva founded an International Committee for Relief to the Wounded, which later became known as the International Committee of the Red Cross.
  • May 12 » American Civil War: Battle of Raymond: Two divisions of James B. McPherson's XVII Corps turn the left wing of Confederate General John C. Pemberton's defensive line on Fourteen Mile Creek, opening up the interior of Mississippi to the Union Army during the Vicksburg Campaign.
  • September 19 » American Civil War: The first day of the Battle of Chickamauga, in northwestern Georgia, the bloodiest two-day battle of the conflict, and the only significant Confederate victory in the war's Western Theater.
  • October 15 » American Civil War: The H. L. Hunley, the first submarine to sink a ship, sinks, killing its inventor.
  • November 25 » American Civil War: Battle of Missionary Ridge: At Missionary Ridge in Tennessee, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant break the Siege of Chattanooga by routing Confederate troops under General Braxton Bragg.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1858 » Jacob Gaudaur, Canadian rower († 1937)
• 1860 » Frederik van Eeden, Dutch psychiatrist and author († 1932)
• 1864 » Emil Kellenberger, Swiss target shooter († 1943)
• 1875 » Mistinguett, French actress and singer († 1956)
• 1876 » Margaret Anglin, Canadian actress, director, and producer († 1958)
• 1876 » Tomáš Baťa, Czech businessman, founded Bata Shoes († 1932)