The temperature on January 18, 1877 was about 1.4 °C. The air pressure was 6 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 93%. Source: KNMI
From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 8 » Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle against the United States Cavalry at Wolf Mountain, Montana Territory.
March 15 » First ever official cricket test match is played: Australia vs England at the MCG Stadium, in Melbourne, Australia.
May 6 » Chief Crazy Horse of the Oglala Lakota surrenders to United States troops in Nebraska.
May 16 » The 16 May 1877 crisis occurs in France, ending with the dissolution of the National Assembly 22 June and affirming the interpretation of the Constitution of 1875 as a parliamentary rather than presidential system. The elections held in October 1877 led to the defeat of the royalists as a formal political movement in France.
July 9 » The inaugural Wimbledon Championships begins.
October 5 » The Nez Perce War in the northwestern United States comes to an end.
Day of marriage August 23, 1895
The temperature on August 23, 1895 was about 19.5 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 96%. Source: KNMI
February 1 » Fountains Valley, Pretoria, the oldest nature reserve in Africa, is proclaimed by President Paul Kruger.
April 17 » The Treaty of Shimonoseki between China and Japan is signed. This marks the end of the First Sino-Japanese War, and the defeated Qing Empire is forced to renounce its claims on Korea and to concede the southern portion of the Fengtien province, Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands to Japan.
August 31 » German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin patents his navigable balloon.
September 18 » The Atlanta Exposition Speech on race relations is delivered by Booker T. Washington.
October 8 » Korean Empress Myeongseong is assassinated by Japanese infiltrators.
November 27 » At the Swedish–Norwegian Club in Paris, Alfred Nobel signs his last will and testament, setting aside his estate to establish the Nobel Prize after he dies.
Day of death June 12, 1942
The temperature on June 12, 1942 was between 5.3 °C and 13.6 °C and averaged 10.7 °C. There was 5.7 mm of rain during 4.1 hours. There was 0.1 hours of sunshine (1%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the east-northeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
February 1 » Voice of America, the official external radio and television service of the United States government, begins broadcasting with programs aimed at areas controlled by the Axis powers.
February 22 » World War II: President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders General Douglas MacArthur out of the Philippines as the Japanese victory becomes inevitable.
May 9 » Holocaust: The SS executes 588 Jewish residents of the Podolian town of Zinkiv (Khmelnytska oblast, Ukraine). The Zoludek Ghetto (in Belarus) is destroyed and all its inhabitants executed or deported.
June 21 » World War II: Tobruk falls to Italian and German forces.
August 9 » World War II: Battle of Savo Island: Allied naval forces protecting their amphibious forces during the initial stages of the Battle of Guadalcanal are surprised and defeated by an Imperial Japanese Navy cruiser force.
August 21 » World War II: The Guadalcanal Campaign: American forces defeat an attack by Imperial Japanese Army soldiers in the Battle of the Tenaru.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hendrik de Graaf, "Family tree Plugboer", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-plugboer/I9196.php : accessed January 31, 2026), "Maria Sophia Smolders (1877-1942)".
Copy warning
Genealogical publications are copyright protected. Although data is often retrieved from public archives, the searching, interpreting, collecting, selecting and sorting of the data results in a unique product. Copyright protected work may not simply be copied or republished.
Please stick to the following rules
Request permission to copy data or at least inform the author, chances are that the author gives permission, often the contact also leads to more exchange of data.
Do not use this data until you have checked it, preferably at the source (the archives).
State from whom you have copied the data and ideally also his/her original source.