The temperature on March 8, 1868 was about 4.7 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 36 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the northwest. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 83%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
March 23 » The University of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into law.
May 29 » Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince of Serbia is assassinated.
November 27 » American Indian Wars: Battle of Washita River: United States Army Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer leads an attack on Cheyenne living on reservation land.
December 10 » The first traffic lights are installed, outside the Palace of Westminster in London. Resembling railway signals, they use semaphore arms and are illuminated at night by red and green gas lamps.
December 24 » The Greek Presidential Guard is established as the royal escort by King George I.
December 25 » Pardons for ex-Confederates: United States President Andrew Johnson grants an unconditional pardon to all Confederate veterans.
Day of marriage September 9, 1897
The temperature on September 9, 1897 was about 15.0 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 62%. Source: KNMI
May 26 » The original manuscript of William Bradford's history, "Of Plymouth Plantation" is returned to the Governor of Massachusetts by the Bishop of London after being taken during the American Revolutionary War.
July 11 » Salomon August Andrée leaves Spitsbergen to attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon. He later crashes and dies.
July 26 » Anglo-Afghan War: The Pashtun fakir Saidullah leads an army of more than 10,000 to begin a siege of the British garrison in the Malakand Agency of the North West Frontier Province of India.
September 11 » After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of Kaffa, bringing an end to that ancient kingdom.
September 12 » Tirah Campaign: In the Battle of Saragarhi, ten thousand Pashtun tribesmen suffer several hundred casualties while attacking 21 Sikh soldiers in British service.
December 6 » London becomes the world's first city to host licensed taxicabs.
Day of death March 3, 1955
The temperature on March 3, 1955 was between -4.9 °C and 9.0 °C and averaged 1.4 °C. There was 9.2 hours of sunshine (84%). The partly clouded was. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the east-southeast. Source: KNMI
January 7 » Contralto Marian Anderson becomes the first person of color to perform at the Metropolitan Opera in Giuseppe Verdi's Un ballo in maschera.
April 3 » The American Civil Liberties Union announces it will defend Allen Ginsberg's book Howl against obscenity charges.
May 14 » Cold War: Eight Communist bloc countries, including the Soviet Union, sign a mutual defense treaty called the Warsaw Pact.
May 25 » First ascent of Mount Kangchenjunga: A British expedition led by Charles Evans, Joe Brown and George Band reaches the summit of the third-highest mountain in the world (8,586 meters); Norman Hardie and Tony Streather join them the following day.
August 20 » Battle of Philippeville: In Morocco, a force of Berbers from the Atlas Mountains region of Algeria raid two rural settlements and kill 77 French nationals.
September 25 » The Royal Jordanian Air Force is founded.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hendrik de Graaf, "Family tree Plugboer", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-plugboer/I5695.php : accessed February 18, 2026), "Elisabeth Maria Hopper (1868-1955)".
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