The temperature on December 29, 1868 was about 6.5 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 20 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 78%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
March 1 » The Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity is founded at the University of Virginia.
July 9 » The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and all persons in the United States due process of law.
July 28 » The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law.
September 19 » La Gloriosa begins in Spain.
November 3 » John Willis Menard (R-Louisiana) was the first African American elected to the United States Congress. Because of an electoral challenge, he was never seated.
December 25 » Pardons for ex-Confederates: United States President Andrew Johnson grants an unconditional pardon to all Confederate veterans.
Day of death March 21, 1938
The temperature on March 21, 1938 was between 4.4 °C and 20.3 °C and averaged 11.8 °C. There was 9.8 hours of sunshine (80%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
May 25 » Spanish Civil War: The bombing of Alicante kills 313 people.
June 7 » The Douglas DC-4E makes its first test flight.
June 23 » The Civil Aeronautics Act is signed into law, forming the Civil Aeronautics Authority in the United States.
July 20 » The United States Department of Justice files suit in New York City against the motion picture industry charging violations of the Sherman Antitrust Act in regards to the studio system. The case would eventually result in a break-up of the industry in 1948.
July 31 » Archaeologists discover engraved gold and silver plates from King Darius the Great in Persepolis.
August 18 » The Thousand Islands Bridge, connecting New York, United States with Ontario, Canada over the Saint Lawrence River, is dedicated by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hendrik de Graaf, "Family tree Plugboer", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-plugboer/I19299.php : accessed February 5, 2026), "Pieter Grondsma (1868-1938)".
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