The temperature on August 1, 1861 was about 18.7 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 73%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
April 12 » American Civil War: Battle of Fort Sumter. The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
April 27 » American President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus.
May 13 » Pakistan's (then a part of British India) first railway line opens, from Karachi to Kotri.
July 21 » American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army.
August 19 » First ascent of Weisshorn, fifth highest summit in the Alps.
December 4 » The 109 Electors of the several states of the Confederate States of America unanimously elect Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander H. Stephens as Vice President.
Day of marriage July 20, 1883
The temperature on July 20, 1883 was about 13.5 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 73%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
January 16 » The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing the United States Civil Service, is enacted by Congress.
January 19 » The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires, built by Thomas Edison, begins service at Roselle, New Jersey.
February 23 » Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an anti-trust law.
May 20 » Krakatoa begins to erupt; the volcano explodes three months later, killing more than 36,000 people.
June 5 » The first regularly scheduled Orient Express departs Paris.
August 17 » The first public performance of the Dominican Republic's national anthem, Himno Nacional.
Day of death July 20, 1935
The temperature on July 20, 1935 was between 12.7 °C and 19.3 °C and averaged 15.8 °C. There was 7.2 mm of rain during 2.4 hours. There was 0.7 hours of sunshine (4%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
February 13 » A jury in Flemington, New Jersey finds Bruno Hauptmann guilty of the 1932 kidnapping and murder of the Lindbergh baby, the son of Charles Lindbergh.
September 2 » The Labor Day Hurricane, the most intense hurricane to strike the United States, makes landfall at Long Key, Florida, killing at least 400.
October 10 » In Greece, a coup d'état ends the Second Hellenic Republic.
November 9 » The Congress of Industrial Organizations is founded in Atlantic City, New Jersey, by eight trade unions belonging to the American Federation of Labor.
December 5 » Mary McLeod Bethune founds the National Council of Negro Women in New York City.
December 9 » Student protests in Beiping (now Beijing)'s Tiananmen Square, dispersed by government.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: John Pieper, "Family tree Pieper", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-pieper/I192.php : accessed March 13, 2026), "Hermannus Pieper (1861-1935)".
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