January 19 » The second group of ships of the First Fleet arrive at Botany Bay.
January 20 » The third and main part of First Fleet arrives at Botany Bay. Arthur Phillip decides that Port Jackson is a more suitable location for a colony.
February 9 » The Habsburg Empire joins the Russo-Turkish War in the Russian camp.
March 6 » The First Fleet arrives at Norfolk Island in order to found a convict settlement.
June 21 » New Hampshire becomes the ninth state to ratify the Constitution of the United States.
June 25 » Virginia becomes the tenth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
Day of marriage October 25, 1818
The temperature on October 25, 1818 was about 4.0 °C. Wind direction mainly east-southeast. Weather type: half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 15 » A paper by David Brewster is read to the Royal Society, belatedly announcing his discovery of what we now call the biaxial class of doubly-refracting crystals. On the same day, Augustin-Jean Fresnel signs a "supplement" (submitted four days later) on reflection of polarized light.
March 16 » In the Second Battle of Cancha Rayada, Spanish forces defeated Chileans under José de San Martín.
April 4 » The United States Congress, affirming the Second Continental Congress, adopts the flag of the United States with 13 red and white stripes and one star for each state (20 at that time).
April 5 » In the Battle of Maipú, Chile's independence movement, led by Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín, win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2,000 Spaniards and 1,000 Chilean patriots dead.
July 29 » French physicist Augustin Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light", precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.
October 20 » The Convention of 1818 is signed between the United States and the United Kingdom, which settles the Canada–United States border on the 49th parallel for most of its length.
Day of death October 29, 1863
The temperature on October 29, 1863 was about 10.9 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 8 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 88%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
May 6 » American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville ends with the defeat of the Army of the Potomac by the Army of Northern Virginia.
May 14 » American Civil War: The Battle of Jackson takes place.
June 14 » American Civil War: Second Battle of Winchester: A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.
June 20 » American Civil War: West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state.
September 6 » American Civil War: Confederate forces evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina.
September 20 » American Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga, in northwestern Georgia, ends in a Confederate victory.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Gert-Jan Peek, "Family tree Peek", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-peek/I52182.php : accessed March 2, 2026), "Jannigje "Janna" Jonkers (-1863)".
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