Family tree Olde Scheper » Albertje Pieters Smand (1821-1900)

Day of marriage March 11, 1854

• The temperature on March 11, 1854 was about 6.4 °C. The atmospheric humidity was 95%. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
• In the year 1854: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • January 4 » The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the Samarang.
  • January 21 » The RMS Tayleur sinks off Lambay Island on her maiden voyage from Liverpool to Australia with great loss of life.
  • May 30 » The Kansas–Nebraska Act becomes law establishing the US territories of Kansas and Nebraska.
  • July 28 » USSConstellation(1854), the last all-sail warship built by the United States Navy and now a museum ship in Baltimore Harbor, is commissioned.
  • September 20 » Crimean War: British and French troops defeat Russians at the Battle of Alma.
  • October 6 » In England the Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead leads to 53 deaths and hundreds injured.

Day of death July 23, 1900

• The temperature on July 23, 1900 was about 18.4 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 81%. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1897 to August 1, 1901 the cabinet Pierson, with Mr. N.G. Pierson (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1900: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 5.1 million citizens.
  • May 17 » The children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum, is first published in the United States. The first copy is given to the author's sister.
  • May 26 » Thousand Days' War: The Colombian Conservative Party turns the tide of war in their favor with victory against the Colombian Liberal Party in the Battle of Palonegro.
  • June 25 » The Taoist monk Wang Yuanlu discovers the Dunhuang manuscripts, a cache of ancient texts that are of great historical and religious significance, in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, China.
  • October 19 » Max Planck discovers Planck's law of black-body radiation.
  • December 14 » Quantum mechanics: Max Planck presents a theoretical derivation of his black-body radiation law.
  • December 19 » Hopetoun Blunder: The first Governor-General of Australia John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun, appoints Sir William Lyne premier of the new state of New South Wales, but he is unable to persuade other colonial politicians to join his government and is forced to resign.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1885 » Ulysses S. Grant, American general and politician, 18th President of the United States (b. 1822)
• 1904 » John Douglas, English-Australian politician, 7th Premier of Queensland (b. 1828)
• 1909 » Frederick Holder, Australian politician, 19th Premier of South Australia (b. 1850)
• 1916 » William Ramsay, Scottish-English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
• 1919 » Spyridon Lambros, Greek historian and politician, 100th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1851)
• 1920 » Conrad Kohrs, German-American rancher and politician (b. 1835)