February 17 » On his way to be burned at the stake for heresy, at Campo de' Fiori in Rome, the philosopher Giordano Bruno has a wooden vise put on his tongue to prevent him continuing to speak.
March 20 » The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden: five Swedish noblemen are publicly beheaded in the aftermath of the War against Sigismund (1598–1599).
August 5 » The Gowrie Conspiracy against King James VI of Scotland (later to become King James I of England) takes place.
August 23 » Battle of Gifu Castle: The eastern forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu defeat the western Japanese clans loyal to Toyotomi Hideyori, leading to the destruction of Gifu Castle and serving as a prelude to the Battle of Sekigahara.
October 21 » Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats the leaders of rival Japanese clans in the Battle of Sekigahara and becomes shōgun of Japan.
December 31 » The British East India Company is chartered.
July 16 » Manchu Qing dynasty naval forces under traitorous commander Shi Lang defeat the Kingdom of Tungning in the Battle of Penghu near the Pescadores Islands.
September 11 » Battle of Vienna: Coalition forces, including the famous winged Hussars, led by Polish King John III Sobieski lift the siege laid by Ottoman forces.
September 12 » Austro-Ottoman War: Battle of Vienna: Several European armies join forces to defeat the Ottoman Empire.
October 3 » Qing dynasty naval commander Shi Lang receives the surrender of the Tungning kingdom on Taiwan after the Battle of Penghu.
October 6 » Immigrant families found Germantown, Pennsylvania in the first major immigration of German people to America.
November 1 » The British Crown colony of New York is subdivided into 12 counties.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Johannes Theodorus Hendrikus Nielen, "Family tree Nielen", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-nielen/I539.php : accessed May 12, 2024), "Johannes Macrander (1600-1683)".
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