The temperature on November 16, 1848 was about 6.0 °C. Wind direction mainly west. Weather type: betrokken. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
From November 21, 1848 till November 1, 1849 the Netherlands had a cabinet De Kempenaer - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. J.M. de Kempenaer (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
January 3 » Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in as the first president of Liberia.
March 13 » The German revolutions of 1848–1849 begin in Vienna.
June 26 » End of the June Days Uprising in Paris.
August 18 » Camila O'Gorman and Ladislao Gutierrez are executed on the orders of Argentine dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas.
September 12 » A new constitution marks the establishment of Switzerland as a federal state.
December 5 » California Gold Rush: In a message to the United States Congress, U.S. President James K. Polk confirms that large amounts of gold had been discovered in California.
Day of marriage September 21, 1871
The temperature on September 21, 1871 was about 8.4 °C. There was 5 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northwest. The atmospheric humidity was 95%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
In The Netherlands , there was from January 4, 1871 to July 6, 1872 the cabinet Thorbecke III, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 28 » The Paris Commune is formally established in Paris.
April 1 » The 3rd Duke of Buckingham opened the Brill Tramway, a short railway line to transport goods between his lands and the national rail network.
September 28 » The Brazilian Parliament passes a law that frees all children thereafter born to slaves, and all government-owned slaves.
October 8 » The Great Chicago Fire and the much deadlier Peshtigo Fire break out.
October 12 » The British in India enact the Criminal Tribes Act, naming many local communities "Criminal Tribes".
November 10 » Henry Morton Stanley locates missing explorer and missionary, Dr David Livingstone in Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika, famously greeting him with the words, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?".
Day of death January 1, 1898
The temperature on January 1, 1898 was about 5.4 °C. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 92%. Source: KNMI
April 21 » Spanish–American War: The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports. When the U.S. Congress issued a declaration of war on April 25, it declared that a state of war had existed from this date.
June 11 » The Hundred Days' Reform, a planned movement to reform social, political, and educational institutions in China, is started by the Guangxu Emperor, but is suspended by Empress Dowager Cixi after 104 days. (The failed reform led to the abolition of the Imperial examination in 1905.)
June 13 » Yukon Territory is formed, with Dawson chosen as its capital.
August 12 » The Hawaiian flag is lowered from ʻIolani Palace in an elaborate annexation ceremony and replaced with the flag of the United States to signify the transfer of sovereignty from the Republic of Hawaii to the United States.
September 18 » The Fashoda Incident triggers the last war scare between Britain and France.
October 6 » Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, the largest American music fraternity, is founded at the New England Conservatory of Music.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Jean Nicolai, "Family tree Nicolai-Kolb", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-nicolai-kolb/I88678083.php : accessed June 4, 2024), "Maria Gertrudis DETHIER (1848-1898)".
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