The temperature on July 15, 1854 was about 17.1 °C. There was 0.4 mm of rain. The atmospheric humidity was 75%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
January 4 » The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the Samarang.
February 7 » A law is approved to found the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Lectures started October 16, 1855.
February 23 » The official independence of the Orange Free State is declared.
June 10 » The United States Naval Academy graduates its first class of students.
September 20 » Crimean War: British and French troops defeat Russians at the Battle of Alma.
October 9 » Crimean War: The siege of Sevastopol begins.
Day of marriage July 4, 1884
The temperature on July 4, 1884 was about 25.4 °C. The air pressure was 3 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-southeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 60%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
February 19 » More than sixty tornadoes strike the Southern United States, one of the largest tornado outbreaks in U.S. history.
March 27 » A mob in Cincinnati, Ohio, attacks members of a jury which had returned a verdict of manslaughter in what was seen as a clear case of murder; over the next few days the mob would riot and eventually destroy the courthouse.
May 1 » The Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions demands the eight-hour work day in the United States.
June 16 » The first purpose-built roller coaster, LaMarcus Adna Thompson's "Switchback Railway", opens in New York's Coney Island amusement park.
October 6 » The Naval War College of the United States is founded in Rhode Island.
October 13 » The International Meridian Conference establishes the meridian of the Greenwich Observatory as the prime meridian.
Day of death November 7, 1893
The temperature on November 7, 1893 was about 1.0 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 90%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 21, 1891 to May 9, 1894 the cabinet Van Tienhoven, with Mr. G. van Tienhoven (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
January 21 » The Tati Concessions Land, formerly part of Matabeleland, is formally annexed to the Bechuanaland Protectorate, now Botswana.
February 1 » Thomas A. Edison finishes construction of the first motion picture studio, the Black Maria in West Orange, New Jersey.
June 5 » The trial of Lizzie Borden for the murder of her father and step-mother begins in New Bedford, Massachusetts.
June 22 » The Royal Navy battleship HMSCamperdown accidentally rams the British Mediterranean Fleet flagship HMSVictoria which sinks taking 358 crew with her, including the fleet's commander, Vice-Admiral Sir George Tryon.
September 16 » Settlers make a land run for prime land in the Cherokee Strip in Oklahoma.
November 7 » Women's suffrage: Women in the U.S. state of Colorado are granted the right to vote, the second state to do so.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Edo Kroef, "Family tree Kroef", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-kroef/I245.php : accessed February 4, 2026), "Maria Adrienne Gertrude KROEF (1854-1893)".
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