The temperature on October 31, 1859 was about 3.8 °C. There was 20 mm of rain. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the northeast. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 97%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
From March 18, 1858 till February 23, 1860 the Netherlands had a cabinet Rochussen - Van Bosse with the prime ministers J.J. Rochussen (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal).
February 5 » Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Prince of Moldavia, is also elected as prince of Wallachia, joining the two principalities as a personal union called the United Principalities, an autonomous region within the Ottoman Empire, which ushered the birth of the modern Romanian state.
February 19 » Daniel E. Sickles, a New York Congressman, is acquitted of murder on grounds of temporary insanity.
April 4 » Bryant's Minstrels debut "Dixie" in New York City in the finale of a blackface minstrel show.
June 4 » Italian Independence wars: In the Battle of Magenta, the French army, under Louis-Napoleon, defeat the Austrian army.
June 6 » Australia: Queensland is established as a separate colony from New South Wales (Queensland Day).
November 24 » Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species.
Day of marriage May 14, 1890
The temperature on May 14, 1890 was about 14.3 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 71%. Source: KNMI
January 22 » The United Mine Workers of America is founded in Columbus, Ohio.
January 25 » Nellie Bly completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days.
November 4 » City and South London Railway: London's first deep-level tube railway opens between King William Street and Stockwell.
November 23 » King William III of the Netherlands dies without a male heir and a special law is passed to allow his daughter Princess Wilhelmina to succeed him.
November 29 » The Meiji Constitution goes into effect in Japan, and the first Diet convenes.
December 29 » Wounded Knee Massacre on Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, 300 Lakota are killed by the United States 7th Cavalry Regiment.
Day of death December 1, 1918
The temperature on December 1, 1918 was between -0.2 °C and 3.5 °C and averaged 1.9 °C. There was 1.0 mm of rain. There was -0.1 hours of sunshine (0%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from September 9, 1918 to September 18, 1922 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck I, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
May 16 » The Sedition Act of 1918 is passed by the U.S. Congress, making criticism of the government during wartime an imprisonable offense. It will be repealed less than two years later.
May 26 » The Democratic Republic of Georgia is established.
August 21 » World War I: The Second Battle of the Somme begins.
November 11 » Emperor Charles I of Austria relinquishes power.
November 21 » A pogrom takes place in Lwów (now Lviv); over three days, at least 50 Jews and 270 Ukrainian Christians are killed by Poles.
December 17 » Darwin Rebellion: Up to 1,000 demonstrators march on Government House in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hans Middendorp, "Family Tree Family tree Kraster uit de Kalkwijk bij Sappemeer in Groningen", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-kraster/I33754.php : accessed February 25, 2026), "August Ferdinand Wischmann (1859-1918)".
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