The temperature on March 13, 1856 was about -1.9 °C. The air pressure was 12 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east. The atmospheric humidity was 86%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
February 11 » The Kingdom of Awadh is annexed by the British East India Company and Wajid Ali Shah, the king of Awadh, is deposed.
February 22 » The United States Republican Party opens its first national convention in Pittsburgh.
June 9 » Five hundred Mormons leave Iowa City, Iowa for the Mormon Trail.
July 31 » Christchurch, New Zealand is chartered as a city.
August 10 » The Last Island hurricane strikes Louisiana, resulting in over 200 deaths.
November 17 » American Old West: On the Sonoita River in present-day southern Arizona, the United States Army establishes Fort Buchanan in order to help control new land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase.
Day of marriage May 3, 1882
The temperature on May 3, 1882 was about 15.5 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-southeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 74%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
March 24 » Robert Koch announces the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis.
May 20 » The Triple Alliance between the German Empire, Austria-Hungary and the Kingdom of Italy is formed.
June 6 » The Shewan forces of Menelik II of Ethiopia defeat the Gojjame army in the Battle of Embabo. The Shewans capture Negus Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam, and their victory leads to a Shewan hegemony over the territories south of the Abay River.
September 4 » The Pearl Street Station in New York City becomes the first power plant to supply electricity to paying customers.
September 5 » Tottenham Hotspur, a Premier League football club from North London, is founded (as Hotspur F.C.).
September 18 » The Pacific Stock Exchange opens.
Day of death February 24, 1927
The temperature on February 24, 1927 was between 1.9 °C and 9.3 °C and averaged 5.2 °C. There was 5.7 mm of rain. There was 2.0 hours of sunshine (19%). The average windspeed was 5 Bft (very strong wind) and was prevailing from the south-southeast. Source: KNMI
May 21 » Charles Lindbergh touches down at Le Bourget Field in Paris, completing the world's first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
August 16 » The Dole Air Race begins from Oakland, California, to Honolulu, Hawaii, during which six out of the eight participating planes crash or disappear.
September 22 » Jack Dempsey loses the "Long Count" boxing match to Gene Tunney.
October 4 » Gutzon Borglum begins sculpting Mount Rushmore.
November 21 » Columbine Mine massacre: Striking coal miners are allegedly attacked with machine guns by a detachment of state police dressed in civilian clothes.
December 11 » Guangzhou Uprising: Communist Red Guards launch an uprising in Guangzhou, China, taking over most of the city and announcing the formation of a Guangzhou Soviet.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hans Middendorp, "Family Tree Family tree Kraster uit de Kalkwijk bij Sappemeer in Groningen", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-kraster/I11434.php : accessed February 13, 2026), "Watze Mandema (1856-1927)".
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