The temperature on September 21, 1878 was about 15.9 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 60%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 4 » Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Sofia is liberated from Ottoman rule and designated the capital of Liberated Bulgaria.
February 21 » The first telephone directory is issued in New Haven, Connecticut.
June 10 » League of Prizren is established, to oppose the decisions of the Congress of Berlin and the Treaty of San Stefano, as a consequence of which the Albanian lands in the Balkans were being partitioned and given to the neighbor states of Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece.
July 1 » Canada joins the Universal Postal Union.
November 17 » First assassination attempt against Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Giovanni Passannante, who was armed with a dagger. The King survived with a slight wound in an arm. Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli blocked the aggressor, receiving an injury in a leg.
December 31 » Karl Benz, working in Mannheim, Germany, filed for a patent on his first reliable two-stroke gas engine, and he was granted the patent in 1879.
Day of marriage October 29, 1898
The temperature on October 29, 1898 was about 10.6 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 92%. Source: KNMI
January 13 » Émile Zola's J'accuse…! exposes the Dreyfus affair.
February 7 » Dreyfus affair: Émile Zola is brought to trial for libel for publishing J'Accuse…!.
April 20 » U.S. President William McKinley signed a joint resolution to Congress for declaration of war against Spain, beginning the Spanish–American War.
April 22 » Spanish–American War: The USSNashville captures a Spanish merchant ship.
July 7 » US President William McKinley signs the Newlands Resolution annexing Hawaii as a territory of the United States.
October 6 » Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, the largest American music fraternity, is founded at the New England Conservatory of Music.
Day of death December 3, 1948
The temperature on December 3, 1948 was between 1.9 °C and 10.8 °C and averaged 6.4 °C. There was 6.1 mm of rain during 4.1 hours. There was 0.7 hours of sunshine (9%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 3, 1946 to August 7, 1948 the cabinet Beel I, with Dr. L.J.M. Beel (KVP) as prime minister.
From August 7, 1948 till March 15, 1951 the Netherlands had a cabinet Drees - Van Schaik with the prime ministers Dr. W. Drees (PvdA) and Mr. J.R.H. van Schaik (KVP).
January 1 » The British railway network is nationalized to form British Railways.
January 4 » Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom becoming an independent republic, named the Union of Burma, with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first President and U Nu its first Prime Minister.
April 9 » Fighters from the Irgun and Lehi Zionist paramilitary groups attacked Deir Yassin near Jerusalem, killing over 100.
May 12 » Wilhelmina, Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, cedes the throne.
December 14 » Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann are granted a patent for their cathode-ray tube amusement device, the earliest known interactive electronic game.
December 20 » Indonesian National Revolution: The Dutch military captures Yogyakarta, the temporary capital of the newly-formed Republic of Indonesia.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Barend Kootkar, "Family tree Kootkar", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-kootkar/I3.php : accessed February 14, 2026), "Josina Henrica Smits (1878-1948)".
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