The temperature on April 15, 1838 was about 8.0 °C. Wind direction mainly southwest. Weather type: half bewolkt regen bui. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 6 » Alfred Vail and colleagues demonstrate a telegraph system using dots and dashes (this is the forerunner of Morse code).
April 30 » Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation.
June 10 » Myall Creek massacre: Twenty-eight Aboriginal Australians are murdered.
July 4 » The Iowa Territory is organized.
September 3 » Future abolitionist Frederick Douglass escapes from slavery.
October 5 » The Killough massacre in east Texas sees eighteen Texian settlers either killed or kidnapped.
Day of marriage May 17, 1863
The temperature on May 17, 1863 was about 17.7 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 58%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 8 » American Civil War: Second Battle of Springfield.
February 24 » Arizona is organized as a United States territory.
June 14 » Second Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson during the American Civil War.
July 4 » American Civil War: The Army of Northern Virginia withdraws from the battlefield after losing the Battle of Gettysburg, signalling an end to the Confederate invasion of U.S. territory.
August 8 » American Civil War: Following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President Jefferson Davis (which is refused upon receipt).
December 16 » American Civil War: Joseph E. Johnston replaces Braxton Bragg as commander of the Confederate Army of Tennessee.
Day of death April 13, 1911
The temperature on April 13, 1911 was between -0.4 °C and 10.4 °C and averaged 5.8 °C. There was 8.0 hours of sunshine (58%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north. Source: KNMI
January 3 » A gun battle in the East End of London left two dead and sparked a political row over the involvement of then-Home Secretary Winston Churchill.
January 15 » Palestinian Arabic-language Falastin newspaper founded.
August 21 » The Mona Lisa is stolen by Vincenzo Peruggia, a Louvre employee.
August 29 » Ishi, considered the last Native American to make contact with European Americans, emerges from the wilderness of northeastern California.
August 29 » The Canadian Naval Service becomes the Royal Canadian Navy.
September 7 » French poet Guillaume Apollinaire is arrested and put in jail on suspicion of stealing the Mona Lisa from the Louvre museum.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Agatha Jacoba Maria Lindeboom-Kleef, "Family tree Kleef, Reus, Lindeboom,Quax", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-kleef/I4846.php : accessed February 26, 2026), "Klaas Schavemaker (1838-1911)".
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