De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 26 » James Bremer takes formal possession of Hong Kong Island at what is now Possession Point, establishing British Hong Kong.
March 9 » The U.S. Supreme Court rules in the United States v. The Amistad case that captive Africans who had seized control of the ship carrying them had been taken into slavery illegally.
April 6 » U.S. President John Tyler is sworn in, two days after having become President upon William Henry Harrison's death.
June 28 » The Paris Opera Ballet premieres Giselle in the Salle Le Peletier.
July 5 » Thomas Cook organises the first package excursion, from Leicester to Loughborough.
July 18 » Coronation of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil.
Day of marriage July 8, 1881
The temperature on July 8, 1881 was about 16.8 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 83%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
February 16 » The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated by Act of Parliament at Ottawa (44th Vic., c.1).
April 11 » Spelman College is founded in Atlanta, Georgia as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, an institute of higher education for African-American women.
May 10 » Carol I is crowned the King of the Romanian Kingdom.
June 29 » In Sudan, Muhammad Ahmad declares himself to be the Mahdi, the messianic redeemer of Islam.
July 23 » The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.
December 4 » The first edition of the Los Angeles Times is published.
Day of death August 12, 1910
The temperature on August 12, 1910 was between 7.9 °C and 18.5 °C and averaged 14.8 °C. There was 1.8 mm of rain. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
January 15 » Construction ends on the Buffalo Bill Dam in Wyoming, United States, which was the highest dam in the world at the time, at 325ft (99m).
May 31 » The South Africa Act comes into force, establishing the Union of South Africa.
July 15 » In his book Clinical Psychiatry, Emil Kraepelin gives a name to Alzheimer's disease, naming it after his colleague Alois Alzheimer.
September 26 » Indian journalist Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai is arrested after publishing criticism of the government of Travancore and is exiled.
October 14 » English aviator Claude Grahame-White lands his aircraft on Executive Avenue near the White House in Washington, D.C.
December 3 » Modern neon lighting is first demonstrated by Georges Claude at the Paris Motor Show.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Kees Kesting, "Family tree Kesting (div)", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-kesting/I1805.php : accessed December 31, 2025), "Pieter Groenendijk (1841-1910)".
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