June 4 » Battle of Hohenfriedberg: Frederick the Great's Prussian army decisively defeated an Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine during the War of the Austrian Succession.
July 26 » The first recorded women's cricket match takes place near Guildford, England.
August 19 » Ottoman–Persian War: In the Battle of Kars, the Ottoman army is routed by Persian forces led by Nader Shah.
August 19 » Prince Charles Edward Stuart raises his standard in Glenfinnan: The start of the Second Jacobite Rebellion, known as "the 45".
September 21 » A Hanoverian army is defeated, in ten minutes, by the Jacobite forces of Prince Charles Edward Stuart
November 8 » Charles Edward Stuart invades England with an army of ~5000 that would later participate in the Battle of Culloden.
Day of marriage November 8, 1778
The temperature on November 8, 1778 was about 9.0 °C. Wind direction mainly southwest. Weather type: zeer betrokken. Source: KNMI
January 18 » James Cook is the first known European to discover the Hawaiian Islands, which he names the "Sandwich Islands".
February 9 » Rhode Island becomes the fourth US state to ratify the Articles of Confederation.
May 1 » American Revolution: The Battle of Crooked Billet begins in Hatboro, Pennsylvania.
August 21 » American Revolutionary War: British forces begin besieging the French outpost at Pondichéry.
August 29 » American Revolutionary War: British and American forces battle indecisively at the Battle of Rhode Island.
September 7 » American Revolutionary War: France invades Dominica in the British West Indies, before Britain is even aware of France's involvement in the war.
Day of death April 30, 1821
The temperature on April 30, 1821 was about 8.0 °C. There was 70 mm of rainWind direction mainly north. Weather type: betrokken dampig. Special wheather fenomena: . Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 24 » Final stage of the Mexican War of Independence from Spain with Plan of Iguala.
April 10 » Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople is hanged by the Ottoman government from the main gate of the Patriarchate and his body is thrown into the Bosphorus.
June 14 » Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Ismail Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, bringing the 300 year old Sudanese kingdom to an end.
July 9 » Four hundred and seventy prominent Cypriots including Archbishop Kyprianos are executed in response to Cypriot aid to the Greek War of Independence.
August 10 » Missouri is admitted as the 24th U.S. state.
August 24 » The Treaty of Córdoba is signed in Córdoba, now in Veracruz, Mexico, concluding the Mexican War of Independence from Spain.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Kees Kesting, "Family tree Kesting (div)", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-kesting/I1703.php : accessed February 18, 2026), "Adriana Groenendijk (1745-1821)".
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