The temperature on August 11, 1878 was about 18.3 °C. There was 0.3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 87%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 4 » Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Sofia is liberated from Ottoman rule and designated the capital of Liberated Bulgaria.
January 16 » Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Battle of Philippopolis: Captain Aleksandr Burago with a squadron of Russian Imperial army dragoons liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman rule.
March 15 » Restoration of the Scottish Catholic hierarchy, broken off back in 1603.
May 25 » Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera H.M.S. Pinafore opens at the Opera Comique in London.
October 15 » The Edison Electric Light Company begins operation.
November 17 » First assassination attempt against Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Giovanni Passannante, who was armed with a dagger. The King survived with a slight wound in an arm. Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli blocked the aggressor, receiving an injury in a leg.
Day of marriage May 28, 1914
The temperature on May 28, 1914 was between 5.6 °C and 14.4 °C and averaged 8.9 °C. There was 6.2 mm of rain. There was 3.5 hours of sunshine (22%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north-northwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
February 13 » Copyright: In New York City the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.
April 9 » Mexican Revolution: One of the world's first naval/air skirmishes takes place off the coast of western Mexico.
August 5 » In Cleveland, Ohio, the first electric traffic light is installed.
August 5 » World War I: The guns of Point Nepean fort at Port Phillip Heads in Victoria (Australia) fire across the bows of the Norddeutscher Lloyd steamer SSPfalz which is attempting to leave the Port of Melbourne in ignorance of the declaration of war and she is detained; this is said to be the first Allied shot of the War.
August 20 » World War I: Brussels is captured during the German invasion of Belgium.
September 1 » The last known passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo.
Day of death July 9, 1945
The temperature on July 9, 1945 was between 11.7 °C and 23.9 °C and averaged 19.0 °C. There was 13.6 hours of sunshine (82%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the east. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from February 23, 1945 to June 24, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy III, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
From June 24, 1945 till July 3, 1946 the Netherlands had a cabinet Schermerhorn - Drees with the prime ministers Prof. ir. W. Schermerhorn (VDB) and W. Drees (PvdA).
February 24 » Egyptian Premier Ahmad Mahir Pasha is killed in Parliament after reading a decree.
April 11 » World War II: American forces liberate the Buchenwald concentration camp.
May 7 » World War II: General Alfred Jodl signs unconditional surrender terms at Reims, France, ending Germany's participation in the war. The document takes effect the next day.
May 8 » End of the Prague uprising, celebrated now as a national holiday in the Czech Republic.
November 10 » Heavy fighting in Surabaya between Indonesian nationalists and returning colonialists after World War II, today celebrated as Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan).
December 15 » Occupation of Japan/Shinto Directive: General Douglas MacArthur orders that Shinto be abolished as the state religion of Japan.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: G. de Jong, "Family tree Karsten", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-karsten/I99.php : accessed February 25, 2026), "Geertje Schimmelpenning (1878-1945)".
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