The temperature on November 25, 1854 was about 0.5 °C. There was 0.2 mm of rain. The atmospheric humidity was 100%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
March 20 » The Republican Party of the United States is organized in Ripon, Wisconsin, US.
March 28 » Crimean War: France and Britain declare war on Russia.
April 1 » Charles Dickens' novel Hard Times begins serialisation in his magazine Household Words.
July 28 » USSConstellation(1854), the last all-sail warship built by the United States Navy and now a museum ship in Baltimore Harbor, is commissioned.
August 4 » The Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from Japanese ships.
August 19 » The First Sioux War begins when United States Army soldiers kill Lakota chief Conquering Bear and in return are massacred.
Day of marriage August 18, 1881
The temperature on August 18, 1881 was about 12.7 °C. There was 12 mm of rain. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 95%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
May 10 » Carol I is crowned the King of the Romanian Kingdom.
May 12 » In North Africa, Tunisia becomes a French protectorate.
May 21 » The American Red Cross is established by Clara Barton in Washington, D.C.
June 14 » The White Rajahs territories become the British protectorate of Sarawak.
July 14 » Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner.
August 27 » The Georgia hurricane makes landfall near Savannah, Georgia, resulting in an estimated 700 deaths.
Day of death May 10, 1937
The temperature on May 10, 1937 was between 7.9 °C and 18.0 °C and averaged 12.9 °C. There was 4.9 hours of sunshine (32%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the east-northeast. Source: KNMI
February 16 » Wallace H. Carothers receives a United States patent for nylon.
June 3 » The Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson.
June 15 » A German expedition led by Karl Wien loses sixteen members in an avalanche on Nanga Parbat. It is the worst single disaster to occur on an 8000m peak.
August 24 » Spanish Civil War: the Basque Army surrenders to the Italian Corpo Truppe Volontarie following the Santoña Agreement.
December 16 » Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe attempt to escape from the American federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay; neither is ever seen again.
December 29 » The Irish Free State is replaced by a new state called Ireland with the adoption of a new constitution.
Day of burial May 13, 1937
The temperature on May 13, 1937 was between 8.0 °C and 15.7 °C and averaged 10.9 °C. There was 0.8 mm of rain during 0.8 hours. There was 1.5 hours of sunshine (10%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
January 23 » The trial of the anti-Soviet Trotskyist center sees seventeen mid-level Communists accused of sympathizing with Leon Trotsky and plotting to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime.
April 1 » Aden becomes a British crown colony.
April 12 » Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England.
July 7 » The Marco Polo Bridge Incident provides the Imperial Japanese Army with a pretext for starting the Second Sino-Japanese War.
July 26 » Spanish Civil War: End of the Battle of Brunete with the Nationalist victory.
October 2 » Rafael Trujillo orders the execution of Haitians living in the northwestern region of the Dominican Republic.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Claudia Vreugdenhil, "Family tree Kaptein", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-kaptein/I5345.php : accessed February 17, 2026), "Gerardus Petrus HANDGRAAF (1854-1937)".
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