The temperature on May 25, 1863 was about 14.0 °C. The air pressure was 3 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 43%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 19 » The SSGeorgiana, said to have been the most powerful Confederate cruiser, is destroyed on her maiden voyage with a cargo of munitions, medicines, and merchandise then valued at over $1,000,000.
May 2 » American Civil War: Stonewall Jackson is wounded by friendly fire while returning to camp after reconnoitering during the Battle of Chancellorsville. He succumbs to pneumonia eight days later.
June 14 » Second Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson during the American Civil War.
August 4 » Matica slovenská, Slovakia's public-law cultural and scientific institution focusing on topics around the Slovak nation, is established in Martin.
September 19 » American Civil War: The first day of the Battle of Chickamauga, in northwestern Georgia, the bloodiest two-day battle of the conflict, and the only significant Confederate victory in the war's Western Theater.
November 17 » American Civil War: Siege of Knoxville begins: Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee, under siege.
Day of marriage November 7, 1885
The temperature on November 7, 1885 was about 3.2 °C. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 91%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
January 3 » Sino-French War: Beginning of the Battle of Núi Bop
March 3 » The American Telephone & Telegraph Company is incorporated in New York.
April 30 » Governor of New York David B. Hill signs legislation creating the Niagara Reservation, New York's first state park, ensuring that Niagara Falls will not be devoted solely to industrial and commercial use.
May 2 » Cree and Assiniboine warriors win the Battle of Cut Knife, their largest victory over Canadian forces during the North-West Rebellion.
September 22 » Lord Randolph Churchill makes a speech in Ulster in opposition to the Irish Home Rule movement.
November 16 » Canadian rebel leader of the Métis and "Father of Manitoba" Louis Riel is executed for treason.
Day of death September 18, 1946
The temperature on September 18, 1946 was between 10.5 °C and 16.6 °C and averaged 13.9 °C. There was 14.2 mm of rain during 7.5 hours. The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
From June 24, 1945 till July 3, 1946 the Netherlands had a cabinet Schermerhorn - Drees with the prime ministers Prof. ir. W. Schermerhorn (VDB) and W. Drees (PvdA).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 3, 1946 to August 7, 1948 the cabinet Beel I, with Dr. L.J.M. Beel (KVP) as prime minister.
January 22 » In Iran, Qazi Muhammad declares the independent people's Republic of Mahabad at Chahar Cheragh Square in the Kurdish city of Mahabad; he becomes the new president and Haji Baba Sheikh becomes the prime minister.
March 1 » The Bank of England is nationalised.
April 20 » The League of Nations officially dissolves, giving most of its power to the United Nations.
July 4 » The Kielce pogrom against Jewish Holocaust survivors in Poland.
July 25 » The Crossroads Baker device is the first underwater nuclear weapon test.
December 17 » Kurdistan flag day, the flag of Kurdistan was raised for the first time in Mahabad in eastern Kurdistan (Iran).
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Jan Kaper, "Family tree Kaper", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-kaper/I18286.php : accessed February 19, 2026), "Martje Kroes (1863-1946)".
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