The temperature on April 3, 1846 was about 7.0 °C. Wind direction mainly southwest. Weather type: betrokken regen. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 20 » Polish insurgents lead an uprising in Kraków to incite a fight for national independence.
May 7 » The Cambridge Chronicle, America's oldest surviving weekly newspaper, is published for the first time in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
June 19 » The first officially recorded, organized baseball game is played under Alexander Cartwright's rules on Hoboken, New Jersey's Elysian Fields with the New York Base Ball Club defeating the Knickerbockers 23–1. Cartwright umpired.
September 10 » Elias Howe is granted a patent for the sewing machine.
October 16 » William T. G. Morton administers ether anesthesia during a surgical operation.
December 28 » Iowa is admitted as the 29th U.S. state.
Day of marriage March 12, 1876
The temperature on March 12, 1876 was about 3.5 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 18 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 85%. Source: KNMI
From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
February 2 » The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs of Major League Baseball is formed.
February 26 » Japan and Korea sign a treaty granting Japanese citizens extraterritoriality rights, opening three ports to Japanese trade, and ending Korea's status as a tributary state of Qing dynasty China.
August 31 » Ottoman Sultan Murad V is deposed and succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid II.
November 23 » Corrupt Tammany Hall leader William Magear Tweed (better known as Boss Tweed) is delivered to authorities in New York City after being captured in Spain.
December 23 » First day of the Constantinople Conference which resulted in agreement for political reforms in the Balkans.
December 29 » The Ashtabula River railroad disaster occurs, leaving 64 injured and 92 dead at Ashtabula, Ohio.
Day of death November 7, 1943
The average temperature on November 7, 1943 was 5.7 °C. There was 2.7 mm of rain during 1.5 hours. There was 0.2 hours of sunshine (2%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the northwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
January 11 » Italian-American anarchist Carlo Tresca is assassinated in New York City.
February 14 » World War II: Tunisia Campaign: General Hans-Jürgen von Arnim's Fifth Panzer Army launches a concerted attack against Allied positions in Tunisia.
February 20 » American movie studio executives agree to allow the Office of War Information to censor movies.
March 4 » World War II: The Battle of Fardykambos, one of the first major battles between the Greek Resistance and the occupying Royal Italian Army, begins. It ends on 6 March with the surrender of an entire Italian battalion and the liberation of the town of Grevena.
September 14 » World War II: The Wehrmacht starts a three-day retaliatory operation targeting several Greek villages in the region of Viannos, whose death toll would eventually exceed 500 persons.
December 2 » World War II: A Luftwaffe bombing raid on the harbour of Bari, Italy, sinks numerous cargo and transport ships, including the American SSJohn Harvey, which is carrying a stockpile of World War I-era mustard gas.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: P. Joon, "Family tree Joon", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-joon/I597.php : accessed February 6, 2026), "Reijer Kaal (1846-1943)".
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