In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
May 2 » American Civil War: Stonewall Jackson is wounded by friendly fire while returning to camp after reconnoitering during the Battle of Chancellorsville. He succumbs to pneumonia eight days later.
May 6 » American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville ends with the defeat of the Army of the Potomac by the Army of Northern Virginia.
June 14 » American Civil War: Second Battle of Winchester: A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.
July 19 » American Civil War: Morgan's Raid: At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
September 16 » Robert College, in Istanbul, the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher Robert, an American philanthropist.
November 16 » American Civil War: Battle of Campbell's Station near Knoxville, Tennessee: Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack Union forces.
Day of marriage April 12, 1885
The temperature on April 12, 1885 was about 11.1 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 54%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
March 24 » Sino-French War: Chinese victory in the Battle of Bang Bo on the Tonkin-Guangxi border.
March 31 » The United Kingdom establishes the Bechuanaland Protectorate.
April 30 » Governor of New York David B. Hill signs legislation creating the Niagara Reservation, New York's first state park, ensuring that Niagara Falls will not be devoted solely to industrial and commercial use.
May 1 » The original Chicago Board of Trade Building opens for business.
August 14 » Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of a rust-proof paint.
November 17 » Serbo-Bulgarian War: The decisive Battle of Slivnitsa begins.
Day of death July 14, 1923
The temperature on July 14, 1923 was between 17.7 °C and 30.2 °C and averaged 23.8 °C. There was 8.8 hours of sunshine (54%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from September 19, 1922 to August 4, 1925 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck II, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
February 15 » Greece becomes the last European country to adopt the Gregorian calendar.
August 23 » Captain Lowell Smith and Lieutenant John P. Richter performed the first mid-air refueling on De Havilland DH-4B, setting an endurance flight record of 37 hours.
September 1 » The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people.
September 7 » The International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) is formed.
September 13 » Following a military coup in Spain, Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship.
December 21 » United Kingdom and Nepal formally signed an agreement of friendship, called the Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923, which superseded the Treaty of Sugauli signed in 1816.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: P. Joon, "Family tree Joon", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-joon/I13.php : accessed March 15, 2026), "Maarten Kraaijer (1863-1923)".
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