Family tree Jense, Smeele, Kromwijk en Granneman » Gerardus Bussingh (1789-1862)

Day of marriage January 25, 1818

• The temperature on January 25, 1818 was about 5.0 °C. Wind direction mainly northwest. Weather type: half bewolkt omtrent helder. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1818: Source: Wikipedia
  • January 15 » A paper by David Brewster is read to the Royal Society, belatedly announcing his discovery of what we now call the biaxial class of doubly-refracting crystals. On the same day, Augustin-Jean Fresnel signs a "supplement" (submitted four days later) on reflection of polarized light.
  • February 5 » Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte ascends to the thrones of Sweden and Norway.
  • March 16 » In the Second Battle of Cancha Rayada, Spanish forces defeated Chileans under José de San Martín.
  • March 30 » Physicist Augustin Fresnel reads a memoir on optical rotation to the French Academy of Sciences, reporting that when polarized light is "depolarized" by a Fresnel rhomb, its properties are preserved in any subsequent passage through an optically-rotating crystal or liquid.
  • December 13 » Cyril VI of Constantinople resigns from his position as Ecumenical Patriarch.
  • December 24 » The first performance of "Silent Night" takes place in the church of St. Nikolaus in Oberndorf, Austria.

Day of death November 12, 1862

• The temperature on November 12, 1862 was about 6.6 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 12 kgf/m² and came mainly from the north. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 92%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1862: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • January 19 » American Civil War: Battle of Mill Springs: The Confederacy suffers its first significant defeat in the conflict.
  • March 9 » American Civil War: USSMonitor and CSSVirginia fight to a draw in the Battle of Hampton Roads, the first battle between two ironclad warships.
  • June 6 » American Civil War: Battle of Memphis: Union forces capture Memphis, Tennessee, from the Confederates.
  • November 5 » American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln removes George B. McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac.
  • November 28 » American Civil War: In the Battle of Cane Hill, Union troops under General James G. Blunt defeat General John Marmaduke's Confederates.
  • December 31 » American Civil War: The Battle of Stones River begins near Murfreesboro, Tennessee.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1836 » Juan Ramón Balcarce, Argentinian general and politician, 6th Governor of Buenos Aires Province (b. 1773)
• 1847 » William Christopher Zeise, Danish chemist who prepared Zeise's salt, one of the first organometallic compounds (b. 1789)
• 1865 » Elizabeth Gaskell, English author (b. 1810)
• 1896 » Joseph James Cheeseman, Liberian politician, 12th President of Liberia (b. 1843)
• 1902 » William Henry Barlow, English engineer (b. 1812)
• 1916 » Percival Lowell, American astronomer, mathematician, and author (b. 1855)