Family tree Homs » Arnulf (Arnulf "the Bad") "the Bad" of Bavaria I (± 890-937)

Personal data Arnulf (Arnulf "the Bad") "the Bad" of Bavaria I 

• Nickname is the Bad.
• He was born about 890 in Herzogtum Bayern, Ostenfrankenreich (Present Germany)Herzogtum Bayern.
• Occupations:
• .
• .

  {geni:job_title} Duc, de Bavière

• .
• He died on July 14, 937 in Herzogtum Bayern, Ostenfrankenreich (Present Germany)Herzogtum Bayern.
• He is buried in Kloster Sankt EmmeramRegensburg, Bayern, Germany.
• A child of Luitpold - Leopold (?-907) von Bayern and Kunigunde - von Schwaben
• This information was last updated on July 16, 2011.

Household of Arnulf (Arnulf "the Bad") "the Bad" of Bavaria I

(1) He is married to Judith im Sülichgau.

They got married about 910.

Child(ren):

1. Arnulf II Count Palatine of von Bayern  ± 913-954 
2. Eberhard von Bayern  ± 912-± 938 
3. Leopold I Markgraf von Österreich "the Illustrious" von Babenberg  ± 932-994 
4. Judith von Bayern Luitpolding  ± 925-987 

(2) He had a relationship with Judith von Sülichgau.

Child(ren):

1. Judith von Bayern  ± 925-± 985 

Notes about Arnulf (Arnulf "the Bad") "the Bad" of Bavaria I

Name Prefix: Duke Name Suffix: I, of Bavaria "the Bad"

Hertug av Bayern 907 - 937.
Ved denne tid foregikk sekularisering av klostrene, de inndragne gods ble gitt som len til hans
fortrolige. Som eksempel hadde klostret Tegernsee tidligere mer en 11.000 bondegårder, etter
konfiskasjonen kun 114. Kirken ga ham derfor tilnavnet ?der Böse?.
11.08.909 tvang Arnulf ungarerne, som hadde trengt frem til Schwaben, til retrett.

Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Arnulf (died July 14, 937), called the Bad or the Evil (German: der Böse), was the duke of Bavaria from 907 until his death. He was a member of the Luitpolding dynasty.

Arnulf was the son of Margrave Luitpold of Bavaria and Cunigunda, daughter of Berthold I, Count Palatine of Swabia.

He was a fifth generation descendant of Charlemagne.

Besieged by frequent raids by the Hungarians and desperate to raise funds to finance a defence, Arnulf strengthened his power through confiscation of church lands and property, which earned him the nickname "the Bad". He re-established the duchy of Bavaria and eventually negotiated a truce with the Hungarians who thereafter largely passed though Bavaria on their raids into other German territories. Arnold vigorously resisted King Conrad, Duke of Franconia (and the second husband of Arnulf's mother Cunigunda), but later submitted to Conrad's successor as King of the Germans, Henry the Fowler of Saxony, who confirmed Arnulf's sovereignty over Bavaria.

Arnulf was married to Judith of Friuli, daughter of Count Eberhard of Sülichgau and Gisela of Verona. Arnulf's daughter Judith married Henry I of Bavaria, brother of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Arnulf died in Regensburg in 937 and was buried in St. Emmeram.

[edit]
See also
Descendants of Charlemagne
Descendants of Arnulf of Bavaria
Preceded by:
Luitpold Duke of Bavaria
907 – 937 Succeeded by:
Eberhard

[3435] WSHNGT.ASC file (Geo Washington Ahnentafel) # 278983480 = 69968696

Son of Luitpold of the Agilulfing family and of Kunigunde, and Duke of Bavaria from 907 to 937. His reign fell in a troubled time. The Magyars had begun their predatory incursions into Germany, in which they destroyed everything, wherever they penetrated. When, in the year 907, they again advanced against Bavaria in larger numbers than ever, the Margrave Luitpold summoned the entire fighting force of his people for the defence of the country. The Bavarians, however, were completely defeated, 5 July, 907, in a battle in which Luitpold himself, nearly all the Bavarian nobles, and a number of bishops, were killed. The land then became an easy prey to the barbarians and was ruthlessly devastated. Ludwig, King of the East Franks, withdrew to the western division of the empire. Under these almost hopeless conditions Arnulf, the son of Luitpold, began his reign. He did not lose courage, however, and succeeded, 11 August, 909, in defeating the Magyars on the Rott as they were returning from Swabia. The defeat did not prevent the Magyars from undertaking new plundering expeditions in the years directly following. But the terrible foe was defeated in a battle on the Inn not far from Passau, in the year 913, by a combined army of the Bavarians under Arnulf and of the Swabians under Erchanger and Berchtold, who were the brothers of Arnulf's mother Kunigunde. On account of a quarrel which broke out between King Conrad and the Swabian dukes, Arnulf took up arms against the king in favor of his uncles. The marriage of Conrad with Kunigunde, the mother of Arnulf and sister of the Swabian dukes, did not allay the enmity. Arnulf was obliged to flee the country, but after a Swabian victory over the followers of the king he returned to Bavaria and established himself at Salzburg and Regensburg (Ratisbon). Conrad advanced in 916 against his stepson once more and defeated him, but was not able to drive him entirely out of the country. In order to put an end to this disorder, the German bishops held a synod in 916 at Hohenaltheim near Nördlingen. The synod threatened Arnulf with excommunication in case he did not present himself by 7 October before a synod at Regensburg. Arnulf, however, continued his struggle against Conrad. He was eventually induced to submit by Conrad's successor, Henry I, but only after he was accorded the right of independent government in Bavaria, the right of coinage, and the right of appointment to the bishoprics. The agreement was made in 921, before Regensburg. After receiving these concessions, Arnulf acknowledged the German king as his over-lord. Otherwise, he was an independent ruler in his own land and called himself in his official documents "Duke of the Bavarians by the grace of God". During his struggle for the independence of Bavaria, Arnulf had confiscated many monastic estates and properties, and had granted these lands as fiefs to his nobles and soldiers. Many churches, already grievously affected by the predatory incursions of the Magyars, were in this way completely impoverished and, it appears, in some cases destroyed. Only one abbot, Egilolf of Niederaltaich, attended the Synod of Regensburg in 932. The great monasteries of Benediktbeuern, Isen, Moosburg, Niedeeraltaich, Schaftlarn, Schliersee, Tegernsee, and Wessobrunn, had lost almost all they possessed through Arnulf's confiscations, which were at times countenanced by some of the German bishops. Drakolf, Bishop of Freising, encouraged by the example of the duke, appropriated some possessions of the churches of Schaftlarn, Moosburg, and Isen. On account of his confiscations Arnulf was nicknamed der Schlimme (the Bad). Conditions were, however, decidedly better after the duke's submission to King Henry. The Bavarian bishops met in synod at Regensburg, 14 January, 932, and in the summer of the same year they held a synod in connection with other territorial nobles at Dingolfing. An agreement was reached that the lands wrested from the monasteries and other religious houses should be returned to them. Arnulf himself showed zeal in rebuilding the churches that had been destroyed. Although the decisions of the synod were never fully carried out, the way was prepared for better conditions and more orderly rule. Arnulf died 14 July, 937, and was buried in the church of St. Emmeram in Regensburg

#Générale##Générale#Profession : Duc de Bavière.

{geni:occupation} Duke of Bavaria, Herzog von Bayern

{geni:about_me} Arnulf I "den Onde" von Bayern. Hertig. Född 886. Död 937.

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Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Arnulf I of Bavaria)

Arnulf (died 14 July 937), called the Bad (German: der Schlimme) or the Evil (der Böse), was the duke of Bavaria from 907 until his death. He was a member of the Luitpolding dynasty.

Arnulf was the son of Margrave Luitpold of Bavaria and Cunigunda, daughter of Berthold I, the count palatine of Swabia. After the death of his father at the 907 Battle of Brezalauspurc he followed him as ruler of the Bavarian estates around Regensburg.

Besieged by frequent raids by the Hungarians and desperate to raise funds to finance a defence, Arnulf strengthened his power through confiscation of church lands and property, which earned him the nickname "the Bad". He re-established the stem duchy of Bavaria and eventually negotiated a truce with the Hungarians who thereafter largely passed through Bavaria on their raids into other German territories.

Arnulf vigorously resisted King Conrad I, whom he had supported in the course of his election and who in 913 had married his mother Cunigunda. In Conrad's conflict with Erchanger and Burchard II of Swabia he backed his Swabian cousins and later challenged Conrad's successor, Henry the Fowler of Saxony. According to the Annales Iuvavenses, in 920, Baiuarii sponte se reddiderunt Arnolfo duci et regnare ei fecerunt in regno teutonicorum: the Bavarians, with some other East Franks, elected Arnulf king in opposition to Henry (actually in 919). Arnulf's "reign" was short-lived. Henry defeated him in two campaigns in 921, confirmed his sovereignty over Bavaria in return for Arnulf's renunciation of his royal claim.

Arnulf was married to Judith of Friuli, daughter of Count Eberhard of Friuli and Gisela of Verona. Arnulf's daughter Judith married Henry I of Bavaria, brother of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Arnulf died in Regensburg in 937 and is buried at St. Emmeram's Abbey.

[edit]References

This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913.

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http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf_I._%28Bayern%29

Arnulf I. (Bayern)

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Arnulf I. der Böse († 14. Juli 937 in Regensburg) war seit 907 Herzog von Bayern. Er stammte aus dem Geschlecht der Luitpoldinger. Arnulf war Sohn des Markgrafen Luitpold und der Kunigunde, Schwester von Berchthold I., Pfalzgraf von Schwaben.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

[Anzeigen]

* 1 Landespolitik

* 2 Reichspolitik

* 3 Nachkommen

* 4 Literatur

* 5 Weblinks

Landespolitik [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf konnte auf den Grundlagen der Macht, die Luitpold gelegt hatte, aufbauen und nahm bald darauf den Herzogstitel an. Dabei konnte er auf die Unterstützung des bayerischen Adels setzen, der hoffte, dadurch seine eigene Stellung verbessern zu können. Wichtigste Aufgabe Arnulfs war es, die wiederholten Raubzüge der Magyaren weit nach Bayern und ins Reich hinein zu stoppen. Zur wirksamen Bekämpfung der Ungarn musste er das bayerische Heer, das in der Schlacht von Pressburg vernichtend geschlagen wurde, reorganisieren. Um die dafür nötigen Mittel zu gewinnen zog er das Kirchengut ein und verlieh es an seine Lehnsvasallen. Dafür bekam er später den Beinamen der Böse. In mehreren Schlachten gelang es ihm, die Ungarn zurückzudrängen und 913 erreichte er von ihnen die vertragliche Zusicherung, in Bayern nicht mehr einzufallen.

Reichspolitik [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf erneuerte das bayerische Stammesherzogtum. Auf Reichsebene verfolgte Arnulf eine Politik der Eigenständigkeit in inneren Angelegenheiten und nach außen gegenüber den deutschen Königen Konrad I. und Heinrich I. Er beteiligte sich zwar an der Wahl Konrads zum König. Ein Eingreifen Arnulfs zugunsten seiner verwandten Herzöge von Schwaben gegen Konrad führte zu einem längeren Konflikt, in dessen Verlauf Arnulf zeitweise zu den Ungarn floh.

Nach Konrads Tod kehrte Arnulf 918 mit ungarischer Hilfe in seine Residenzstadt Regensburg zurück und baute eine von der Zentralmacht weitgehend unabhängige Stellung auf. In der Forschung ist bisher nicht geklärt, ob Arnulf sich nach dem Tod Konrads zum Gegenkönig ausrufen ließ (Annales Iuvavenses Maximi zum Jahr 920: „Baiuarii sponte se reddiderunt Arnolfo duci et regnare ei fecerunt in regno teutonicorum“) oder ein bayerisches Sonderkönigtum anstrebte. Im Vertrag von Regensburg 921 erkannte Arnulf jedoch nach Kämpfen mit Heinrich dessen Oberhoheit an. Heinrich billigte im Gegenzug Arnulfs eigenständige Herrschaft, zu der die Ernennung von Bischöfen (z.B. Starchand in Eichstätt), Einberufung von Synoden und Ausübung eigentlicher Regalien (Münzprägung, Zölle) gehörten. Außenpolitisch unterwarf er Böhmen und versuchte in einem (allerdings gescheiterten) Italienzug 933/934 die Langobardenkrone für seinen Sohn Eberhard zu erlangen, nachdem der langobardische Hochadel ihm diese angeboten hatte.

Arnulf wurde im St. Emmeram in Regensburg beigesetzt. Eine Gedenktafel für ihn fand Aufnahme in die Walhalla bei Regensburg.

Nachkommen [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf war verheiratet mit Judith von Friaul, Tochter des Grafen Eberhard im Sülichgau (aus dem Geschlecht der Unruochinger) und der Gisela von Verona. Arnulfs Tochter Judith heiratete Heinrich I. von Bayern, Bruder von Otto dem Großen. Seine Nachkommen waren:

* Eberhard (* um 912, † um 940), 937–938 Herzog von Bayern

* Arnulf (* um 913, † 22. Juli 954), Pfalzgraf von Bayern

* Hermann († 954)

* Heinrich

* Ludwig (* um 930, † nach 974)

* Judith († nach 984), oo Herzog Heinrich I. von Bayern

* Tochter N.N.

Literatur [Bearbeiten]

* Roman Deutinger: Königswahl und Herzogserhebung Arnulfs von Bayern. Das Zeugnis der älteren Salzburger Annalen zum Jahr 920, in: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 58, 2002, S. 17–68.

* Eberhard Holz / Wolfgang Huschner (Hrsg.): Deutsche Fürsten des Mittelalters. Leipzig 1995, ISBN 3361004373.

* Ludwig Holzfurtner: Gloriosus dux. Studien zu Herzog Arnulf von Bayern (907–937), München 2003, ISBN 3-406-10666-8. (Rezension)

* Kurt Reindel: Herzog Arnulf und das Regnum Bavariae. In: Zeitschrift für bayerische Landesgeschichte 17 (1953/54), S. 187ff.

* Alois Schmid: Das Bild des Bayernherzogs Arnulf (907–937) in der deutschen Geschichtsschreibung von seinen Zeitgenossen bis zu Wilhelm von Giesebrecht, Kallmünz 1976, ISBN 3-7847-4005-7.

* Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz: Arnulf, „der Böse“. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 1, Hamm 1975, Sp. 246.

* Kurt Reindel: Arnulf, „der Böse“. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 1. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, S. 396 f.

* Sigmund Ritter von Riezler: Arnulf (Herzog von Bayern). In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 1. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, S. 605–607.

Weblinks [Bearbeiten]

* genealogie-mittelalter.de

Vorgänger Amt Nachfolger

Ludwig das Kind Herzog von Bayern

907–937 Eberhard

Normdaten: PND: 118504363 | WP-Personeninfo

Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 24. April 2010 um 20:25 Uhr geändert.
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Arnulf (died 14 July 937), called the Bad (German: der Schlimme) or the Evil (der Böse), was the duke of Bavaria from 907 until his death. He was a member of the Luitpolding dynasty.

Early life

Arnulf was the son of Margrave Luitpold of Bavaria and Cunigunda, daughter of Berthold I, the count palatine of Swabia. After the death of his father at the Battle of Brezalauspurc in 907, he followed him as ruler of the Bavarian estates around Regensburg.

Later years

Besieged by frequent raids by the Hungarians and desperate to raise funds to finance a defence, Arnulf strengthened his power through confiscation of church lands and property, which earned him the nickname "the Bad". He re-established the stem duchy of Bavaria and eventually negotiated a truce with the Hungarians who thereafter largely passed through Bavaria on their raids into other German territories.

Arnulf vigorously resisted King Conrad I, whom he had supported in the course of his election and who in 913 had married his mother Cunigunda. In Conrad's conflict with Erchanger and Burchard II of Swabia he backed his Swabian cousins and later challenged Conrad's successor, Henry the Fowler of Saxony. According to the Annales Iuvavenses, in 920, Baiuarii sponte se reddiderunt Arnolfo duci et regnare ei fecerunt in regno teutonicorum: the Bavarians, with some other East Franks, elected Arnulf king in opposition to Henry (actually in 919). Arnulf's "reign" was short-lived. Henry defeated him in two campaigns in 921, confirmed his sovereignty over Bavaria in return for Arnulf's renunciation of his royal claim.

Arnulf died in Regensburg in 937 and is buried at St. Emmeram's Abbey.

Marriage

Many believe Arnulf was married to Judith of Friuli, daughter of Count Eberhard of Friuli and Gisela of Verona. The dates, however, do not match up. Judith of Friuli died ca. 881. This would have made a marriage between a boy (or at least young) Arnulf and an elder Judith, which was supposed to have produced several children 23 years or so after her death. More likely, therefore, is that he was married to Judith of Sulichgau (born ca. 888), daughter of Eberhard of Sulichgau.

Arnulf's daughter Judith married Henry I of Bavaria, brother of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.

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http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf_I._(Bayern)

---------------------------

http://genealogy.euweb.cz/german/luitpold1.html#O1S
=The Luitpoldings=

One Luitpold, +846, had issue:
* A1. a son; m.N, a dau.of Rudolf Welf
** B1. Luitpold/Leopold Markgraf von der Ostmark, Mkgf der Kärntner Mark, von Pannonien und der bayerischen Ostmark 895, +Pressburg 4.7.907; m.895/900 Kunigunde von Schwaben (*ca 879 +915), dau.of Berthold, Pfgf of Swabia
*** C1. '''Arnulf I, Herzog von Bayern (Duke of Bavaria) (907-937), *ca 898, +Regensburg 14.7.937'''; m.910/915 Judith of Friaul/von Sülichgau
**** ...
**** D7. Berthold I, Markgraf im bayerischen Nordgau, *915/926, +15.1./16.8.980; m.ca 949 Heilika, dau.of Gf Lothar von Walbeck
***** E1. Heinrich, Gf von Schweinfurt, *ca 975, +18.9.1017; m.before 1003 Gerberga von Gleiberg (*ca 970 +after 1017)
****** ...
****** F6. Heinrich I, Gf an der Pegnitz, Gf von Schweinfurt, *ca 992, +1043; m.N von Sualafeld/ Altdorf, dau.of Kuno I
******* G1. Heinrich II, Gf von Pegnitz und Weissinburg, +1080
******* G2. Kuno I, Gf von Lechsgemünd; m.Mathilde, dau.of Rudolf von Achalm; for their issue see HERE
******* G3. Otto I, Gf von Scheyern, Graf a.d. Paar 1045, Vogt von Freising 1047, +4.12.1072; 1m: Haziga von Diessen; 2m: N, dau.of Pfgf Hartwig II von Bayern; for their issue see HERE
******* G4. Friedrich, Gf zu Burg-Lengenfeld; m.Sigena von Laige

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Arnulf I. (Bayern)


Arnulf I. der Böse († 14. Juli 937 in Regensburg) war seit 907 Herzog von Bayern. Er stammte aus dem Geschlecht der Luitpoldinger. Arnulf war Sohn des Markgrafen Luitpold und der Kunigunde, Schwester von Berchthold I., Pfalzgraf von Schwaben.

Inhaltsverzeichnis
[Verbergen] 1 Landespolitik
2 Reichspolitik
3 Nachkommen
4 Literatur

Landespolitik [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf konnte auf den Grundlagen der Macht, die Luitpold gelegt hatte, aufbauen und nahm bald darauf den Herzogstitel an. Dabei konnte er auf die Unterstützung des baierischen Adels setzen, der hoffte, dadurch seine eigene Stellung verbessern zu können. Wichtigste Aufgabe Arnulfs war es, die wiederholten Raubzüge der Magyaren weit nach Bayern und ins Reich hinein zu unterbinden. Zur wirksamen Bekämpfung der Ungarn musste er das baierische Heer, das in der Schlacht von Pressburg vernichtend geschlagen wurde, reorganisieren. Um die dafür nötigen Mittel zu gewinnen, zog er das Kirchengut ein und verlieh es an seine Lehnsvasallen. Dafür bekam er später den Beinamen der Böse. In mehreren Schlachten gelang es ihm, die Ungarn zurückzudrängen, und 913 erhielt er von ihnen die vertragliche Zusicherung, in Bayern nicht mehr einzufallen.

Reichspolitik [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf erneuerte das baierische Stammesherzogtum. Auf Reichsebene verfolgte Arnulf eine Politik der Eigenständigkeit in inneren Angelegenheiten und nach außen gegenüber den deutschen Königen Konrad I. und Heinrich I. Er beteiligte sich zwar an der Wahl Konrads zum König. Ein Eingreifen Arnulfs zugunsten der mit ihm verwandten Herzöge von Schwaben gegen Konrad führte zu einem längeren Konflikt, in dessen Verlauf Arnulf zeitweise zu den Ungarn floh.

Nach Konrads Tod kehrte Arnulf 918 mit ungarischer Hilfe in seine Residenzstadt Regensburg zurück und baute eine von der Zentralmacht weitgehend unabhängige Stellung auf. In der Forschung ist bisher nicht geklärt, ob Arnulf sich nach dem Tod Konrads zum Gegenkönig ausrufen ließ (Annales Iuvavenses Maximi zum Jahr 920: „Baiuarii sponte se reddiderunt Arnolfo duci et regnare ei fecerunt in regno teutonicorum“) oder ein baierisches Sonderkönigtum anstrebte. Im Vertrag von Regensburg 921 erkannte Arnulf jedoch nach Kämpfen mit Heinrich dessen Oberhoheit an. Heinrich billigte im Gegenzug Arnulfs eigenständige Herrschaft, zu der die Ernennung von Bischöfen (z.B. Starchand in Eichstätt), Einberufung von Synoden und Ausübung eigentlicher Regalien (Münzprägung, Zölle) gehörten. Außenpolitisch unterwarf er Böhmen und versuchte in einem (allerdings gescheiterten) Italienzug 933/934 die Langobardenkrone für seinen Sohn Eberhard zu erlangen, nachdem der langobardische Hochadel ihm diese angeboten hatte.

Arnulf wurde im St. Emmeram in Regensburg beigesetzt. Eine Gedenktafel für ihn fand Aufnahme in die Walhalla bei Regensburg.

Nachkommen [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf war verheiratet mit Judith von Friaul, Tochter des Grafen Eberhard im Sülichgau (aus dem Geschlecht der Unruochinger) und der Gisela von Verona. Arnulfs Tochter Judith heiratete Heinrich I. von Bayern, Bruder von Otto dem Großen. Seine Nachkommen waren:
Eberhard (* um 912, † um 940), 937–938 Herzog von Bayern
Arnulf (* um 913, † 22. Juli 954), Pfalzgraf von Bayern
Hermann († 954)
Heinrich
Ludwig (* um 930, † nach 974)
Judith († nach 984), oo Herzog Heinrich I. von Bayern
Tochter N.N.

Literatur [Bearbeiten]
Roman Deutinger: Königswahl und Herzogserhebung Arnulfs von Bayern. Das Zeugnis der älteren Salzburger Annalen zum Jahr 920, in: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 58, 2002, S. 17–68.
Eberhard Holz / Wolfgang Huschner (Hrsg.): Deutsche Fürsten des Mittelalters. Leipzig 1995, ISBN 3361004373.
Ludwig Holzfurtner: Gloriosus dux. Studien zu Herzog Arnulf von Bayern (907–937), München 2003, ISBN 3-406-10666-8. (Rezension)
Kurt Reindel: Herzog Arnulf und das Regnum Bavariae. In: Zeitschrift für bayerische Landesgeschichte 17 (1953/54), S. 187ff.
Alois Schmid: Das Bild des Bayernherzogs Arnulf (907–937) in der deutschen Geschichtsschreibung von seinen Zeitgenossen bis zu Wilhelm von Giesebrecht, Kallmünz 1976, ISBN 3-7847-4005-7.
Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz: Arnulf, „der Böse“. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 1, Hamm 1975, Sp. 246 (gekürzte Onlinefassung).
Kurt Reindel: Arnulf, „der Böse“. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, S. 396 f.
Sigmund Ritter von Riezler: Arnulf (Herzog von Bayern). In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, S. 605–607.

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf_I._(Bayern)

from "Our Folk" by Albert D Hart, Jr.

Arnulf (died 14 July 937), called the Bad (German: der Schlimme) or the Evil (der Böse), was the duke of Bavaria from 907 until his death. He was a member of the Luitpolding dynasty.

Arnulf was the son of Margrave Luitpold of Bavaria and Cunigunda, daughter of Berthold I, the count palatine of Swabia. After the death of his father at the 907 Battle of Brezalauspurc he followed him as ruler of the Bavarian estates around Regensburg.

Besieged by frequent raids by the Hungarians and desperate to raise funds to finance a defence, Arnulf strengthened his power through confiscation of church lands and property, which earned him the nickname "the Bad". He re-established the stem duchy of Bavaria and eventually negotiated a truce with the Hungarians who thereafter largely passed through Bavaria on their raids into other German territories.

Arnulf vigorously resisted King Conrad I, whom he had supported in the course of his election and who in 913 had married his mother Cunigunda. In Conrad's conflict with Erchanger and Burchard II of Swabia he backed his Swabian cousins and later challenged Conrad's successor, Henry the Fowler of Saxony. According to the Annales Iuvavenses, in 920, Baiuarii sponte se reddiderunt Arnolfo duci et regnare ei fecerunt in regno teutonicorum: the Bavarians, with some other East Franks, elected Arnulf king in opposition to Henry (actually in 919). Arnulf's "reign" was short-lived. Henry defeated him in two campaigns in 921, confirmed his sovereignty over Bavaria in return for Arnulf's renunciation of his royal claim.

Arnulf was married to Judith of Friuli, daughter of Count Eberhard of Friuli and Gisela of Verona. Arnulf's daughter Judith married Henry I of Bavaria, brother of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Arnulf died in Regensburg in 937 and is buried at St. Emmeram's Abbey.

References
This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913.

1 NAME the Bad //
2 GIVN the Bad
2 SURN
2 NICK the Bad

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