Pépin III "le Bref" Roi des Francs (Pépin III "le Bref") "P..." Roi des Francs (± 714-768) » Family tree Homs

Personal data Pépin III "le Bref" Roi des Francs (Pépin III "le Bref") "P..." Roi des Francs

Sources 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Alternative names: Pepin The Short, The Short
Nickname is P....
He was born about 714 in Jupille-sur-Meuse (Liège), Wallonia, BelgiumJupille-sur-Meuse (Liège), Wallonia.
{geni:event_description} Jupille, close to the city of Liege, in what is today Belgium.
He was christened in Mayor of the Palace.
Alternative: He was christened about 754 in Saint-Denis.
Alternative: He was christened about 754 in Saint-Denis.
He was baptized in Utrecht, NederlandUtrecht.
Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 18, 1923 in Mesa Arizona Temple, Mesa, Maricopa, Arizona, Verenigde Staten.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 18, 1923.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 18, 1923 in Mesa Arizona Temple, Mesa, Maricopa, Arizona, Verenigde Staten.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 18, 1923.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 18, 1923 in Mesa Arizona Temple, Mesa, Maricopa, Arizona, Verenigde Staten.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 18, 1923 in Mesa Arizona Temple, Mesa, Maricopa, Arizona, Verenigde Staten.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 18, 1923.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on January 7, 1932.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on December 16, 1933.
Occupations:

.
{geni:job_title} Major Domus-Konge av Fran
in maire du palais de Neustrie et de Bourgogne (741), maire du palais d'Austrasie (747), roi de France (751-768), roi d'Auvergne (766), roi d'Aquitaine (767), roi de Narbonne (768).
.
in Mayor of the Palace.
.
.
{geni:job_title} Frankernas konung
.
.
in France.
{geni:current} 0
.
{geni:job_title} KONING
.
{geni:job_title} Maire du palais, Roi, de France, Duc, de Neustrie, de Bourgogne, de Provence
.
in France.
{geni:job_title} Pépin dit le Bref à cause de sa petite taille fut maire de Bourgogne ainsi que de Neustrie et de Provence. Il se fit éli
.
{geni:job_title} konge
.
{geni:job_title} Konge av Frankrike
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{geni:job_title} Roi des Francs (715-768), maire du palais de Neustrie et Bourgogne
in Mayor of the Palace.
in Mayor of the Palace.
.
{geni:job_title} Majordomus
.
{geni:job_title} Frankernas konung, grundade Kyrkostaten 754
.
{geni:job_title} Unknown GEDCOM info: Konge af Frankrig 752 - 68 Unknown GEDCOM info: 0
.
{geni:job_title} King of the Franks; donated land that became Papal States
in Mayor of the Palace, anointed at Soissons by Archbishop Boniface, King of the Franks.
.
{geni:job_title} Frankisk kung
about 741 TO ABT 747 in Austrasie.
{geni:job_title} Maire du Palais d'Austrasie
about 747 TO ABT 754 .
{geni:job_title} Monk
about 751 TO ABT 768 in French King.
about 751 in King of Franks.
about 751 in King of Franks.
about 751 TO ABT 768 in Royaume des Francs.
{geni:job_title} Fondateur de la dynastie des Carolingiens, Roi des Francs
about 751 TO ABT 768 .
about 751 in King of the Franks.

Resident:

Saint DenisSaint Denis.

He died on September 24, 768 in Saint-Denis, Département de la Seine-Saint-Denis, Ile-de-France, FranceSaint-Denis, Ile-de-France.
He is buried on September 24, 768 in La Basilique Saint-DenisSaint-Denis, Ile-de-France, France.
A child of Charles "Martel" (the Hammer) de France and Rotrude de Trèves
This information was last updated on May 21, 2012.

Household of Pépin III "le Bref" Roi des Francs (Pépin III "le Bref") "P..." Roi des Francs

He is married to Bertrade 'Berthe au Grand Pied' de Laon.

They got married about 740 at France.

Child(ren):

Charles / Carolus Magnus / Karl der Große Emperor of the West 747-814

Notes about Pépin III "le Bref" Roi des Francs (Pépin III "le Bref") "P..." Roi des Francs

==========

Pepin the Short
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Pippin the Short)

Pepin the Short
King of the Franks, Mayor of the Palaces of Neustria and Austrasia
Reign 751 – 768
Born 714
Died 24 September 768
Predecessor Childeric III
Successor Charlemagne
Carloman I, joint ruler with Charlemagne
Dynasty Carolingian
Carolingian dynasty
Pippinids

* Pippin the Elder (c. 580–640)
* Grimoald (616–656)
* Childebert the Adopted (d. 662)

Arnulfings

* Arnulf of Metz (582–640)
* Chlodulf of Metz (d. 696 or 697)
* Ansegisel (c.602–before 679)
* Pippin the Middle (c.635–714)
* Grimoald II (d. 714)
* Drogo of Champagne (670–708)
* Theudoald (d. 714)

Carolingians

* Charles Martel (686–741)
* Carloman (d. 754)
* Pepin the Short (714–768)
* Carloman I (751–771)
* Charlemagne (d. 814)
* Louis the Pious (778–840)

After the Treaty of Verdun (843)

* Lothair I, Holy Roman Emperor (795–855)
(Middle Francia)
* Charles the Bald (823–877)
(Western Francia)
* Louis the German (804–876)
(Eastern Francia)

Pepin or Pippin (714 – 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III,[1] was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the father of Charlemagne.

He was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and of Rotrude of Trier (690-724).
Contents
[show]

* 1 Assumption of power
* 2 First Carolingian king
* 3 Expansion of the Frankish realm
* 4 Legacy
* 5 Family
* 6 Notes

[edit] Assumption of power

Pepin's father, Charles Martel, died in 741. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother, Carloman, his surviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria. Grifo, Charles' son by his second wife, Swanahild (aka Swanhilde), may also have been intended to receive an inheritance, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers. Carloman, who by all evidence was a deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747. This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pepin of Heristal.

Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel the dux et princeps Francorum were the commanders of the armies of the kingdom, in addition to their administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Martel had begun maintaining year-round since Toulouse in 721.

Upon their assumption, Pepin and Carloman, who had not proved themselves in battle in defense of the realm as their father had, installed the Merovingian Childeric III as king, even though Martel had left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV. Childeric had the title of king, but he was considered weak. As time passed, and his brother bowed out of the picture, Pepin became discontent with the royal power being with Childeric.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Odilo was forced by Pepin to acknowledge Frankish overlordship, but died soon after (January 18, 748). Pepin invaded Bavaria and installed Tassilo III as duke under Frankish overlordship.

[edit] First Carolingian king

Since Pepin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of the king, he suggested the Pope make the Carolingian name royal in law as well as fact. Pepin asked Pope Zachary, "Is it right that the royal power sit with the person with the title of King, or the person who makes the decisions as King?" The Pope answered that the de facto power is more important than the de jure power. Thus, Pepin, having obtained the support of the papacy, discouraged opposition to his house. He was elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish leading-men, with a large portion of his army on hand (in the event that the nobility inclined not to honor the Papal bull), and anointed at Soissons, by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, who, along with his niece, Saint Leoba, was a court advisor. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean de Maurienne in 753. Childeric III was deposed, his hair shaved off and he was confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians.

[edit] Expansion of the Frankish realm

Pepin added to his power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint him in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman.

Pepin's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had a policy of expansion into the ducatus Romanum, as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church and confirmed the papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin whereby the Papal States was founded.[2] In 759, he drove the Saracens out of Gaul with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by integrating Aquitaine into the kingdom. In taking Narbonne, and formally annexing Aquitaine (whose status was always dependent on the strength of her suzerains), he completed the work of his father save for one last task: fully subduing the Saxons. He was preparing for war against them when his health began to fail, and thus, this final task was left for his son, the great Charlemagne.

[edit] Legacy

Pepin died during a campaign and was brought to Saint Denis to be buried near the saint in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada. Pepin was buried "outside that entrance [of Saint Denis Basilica] according to his wishes, face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel".[1]

Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its full army in wartime. He not only maintained his father's policy of containing the Moors, he drove them over and across the Pyrenees with the capture of Narbonne. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe.

His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people. It can certainly be argued that Pepin's assumption of the crown, and the title of Patrician of Rome, were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation which is usually seen as the founding of the Holy Roman Empire. He certainly made the Carolingians de jure what his father had made them de facto—the ruling dynasty of the Franks and the foremost power of Europe. While not known as a great general, he was undefeated during his lifetime.

[edit] Family

In 740, Pepin married Bertrada of Laon, his second cousin. Her father, Charibert, was the son of Pepin II's brother, Martin of Laon. They are known to have had four children:

* Charles (April 2, 742 – January 28, 814), (Charles the Great)
* Carloman (751 – December 4, 771)
* Gisela (757 – 810)
* Pepin, who died in infancy.

==========

Carloman (between 706 and 716[1] \endash 17 August[2] 754) was the eldest son of Charles Martel, major domo or mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and his wife Chrotrud. On Charles' death (741), he and his brother Pippin the Short succeeded to their father's legal positions, Carloman in Austrasia, and Pippin in Neustria. He was a member of the family later called the Carolingians and it can be argued that he was instrumental in consolidating their power at the expense of the ruling Merovingian kings of the Franks. He withdrew from public life in 747 to take up the monastic habit.

Contents [hide] 1 Assumption of power 2 Strengthening of the dynasty 3 Political ruthlessness 4 Withdrawal from public life 5 Notes

[edit] Assumption of power After the death of his father, power was not initially divided to include Grifo, another of Charles' sons. This was per Charles' wishes, though Grifo demanded a portion of the realm from his brothers, who refused him. By 742, Carloman and Pippin had ousted Grifo and forced him into a monastery, and each turned his attention towards his own area of influence as major domo, Pippin in the West (in what was called Neustria, roughly what is now France) and Carloman in the East (in what was called Austrasia, roughly what is now Germany), which was the Carolingian base of power.

With Grifo contained, the two mayors, who had not yet proved themselves in battle in defence of the realm as their father had, on the initiative of Carloman, installed the Merovingian Childeric III as king (743), even though Martel had left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV in 737.

Unlike most medieval instances of fraternal power sharing, Carloman and Pippin for seven years seemed at least willing to work together; certainly, they undertook many military actions together. Carloman joined Pippin against Hunald of Aquitaine's rising in 742 and again in 745. Pippin assisted Carloman against the Saxons 742-743 and against Odilo of Bavaria in 742 and again in 744, when peace was established between the brothers and their brother-in-law, for Odilo had married their sister Hiltrude.

[edit] Strengthening of the dynasty In his own realm, Carloman strengthened his authority in part via his support of the Anglo-Saxon missionary Winfrid (later Saint Boniface), the so-called "Apostle of the Germans," whom he charged with restructuring the chuch in Austrasia. This was in part the continuation of a policy begun under his grandfather, Pippin of Herstal, and continued to under his father, Charles Martel, who erected four dioceses in Bavaria (Salzburg, Regensburg, Freising, and Passau) and gave them Boniface as archbishop and metropolitan over all Germany east of the Rhine, with his seat at Mainz. Boniface had been under Charles Martel's protection from 723 on; indeed the saint himself explained to his old friend, Daniel of Winchester, that without it he could neither administer his church, defend his clergy, nor prevent idolatry. Carloman was instrumental in convening the Concilium Germanicum in 742, the first major Church synod to be held in the eastern regions of the Frankish kingdom. Chaired jointly by him and Boniface, the synod ruled that priests were not allowed to bear arms or to host females in their houses and that it was one of their primary tasks to eradicate pagan beliefs. While his father had frequently confiscated church property to reward his followers and to pay for the standing army that had brought him victory at Tours, (a policy supported by Boniface as necessary to defend Christianity) by 742 the Carolingians were wealthy enough to pay their military retainers and still support the Church. For Carloman, a deeply religious man, it was a duty of love, for Pippin a practical duty. Both saw the necessity of strengthening the ties between their house and the Church. Therefore, Carloman sought to increase the assets of the church. He donated, for instance, the land for one of Boniface's most important foundations, the monastery of Fulda.

[edit] Political ruthlessness Despite his piety, Carloman could be ruthless towards real or perceived opponents. After repeated armed revolts and rebellions, Carloman in 746 convened an assembly of the Alamanni magnates at Cannstatt and then had most of the magnates, numbering in the thousands, arrested and executed for high treason in the Blood Court at Cannstatt. This eradicated virtually the entire tribal leadership of the Alamanni and ended the independence of the tribal duchy of Alamannia, which was thereafter governed by counts appointed by their Frankish overlords.

These actions strengthened Carloman's position, and that of the family as a whole, especially in terms of their rivalries with other leading barbarian families such as the Bavarian Agilolfings.

[edit] Withdrawal from public life On 15 August 747, Carloman renounced his position as major domo and withdrew to a monastic life, being tonsured in Rome by Pope Zachary. He founded a monastery on Monte Soratte and then went to Monte Cassino. All sources from the period indicate that he believed his calling was the Church. He withdrew to a monastery and spent most of the remainder of his life there, presumably in meditation and prayer.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Bavaria, where Duke Odilo provided support and assistance. But when Odilo died a year later and Grifo attempted to seize the duchy of Bavaria for himself, Pippin, who had become sole major domo and dux et princeps Francorum, took decisive action by invading Bavaria and installing Odilo's infant son, Tassilo III, as duke under Frankish suzerainty. Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne in 753.

Seven years after Carloman's retirement and on the eve of his death, he once more stepped briefly on the public stage. In 754, Pope Stephen II had begged Pepin, now king, to come to his aid against the king of the Lombards, Aistulf. Carloman left Monte Cassino to visit his brother to ask him not to march on Italy. Pepin was unmoved, and imprisoned Carloman in Vienne, where he died on 17 August. He was buried in Monte Cassino.

Pepin le Bref, King of France, first of the Carlovingians. He was born about 715; died Sep 24 768. He at first shared the kingdom of his father with his brother Karloman, ruling only Neustria and Burgundy, but after his brother entered a monastery in 747, Pepin became sole ruler. Having secured the deposition of the nominal king, Childeric III, in 751, by agreement with Pope Zachery, he was procalimed king of the Franks. Shortly after, Pope Stephen III pressed by the Langobards under Aistulf, applied to France for aid and by a visit paid to Pepin induced him to march to Italy, where he signally defeated the Langobards (Lombards), and made the Pope a present of the lands which he had conquered from them. These lands, known historically as the "donation of Pepin" formed the nucleus of the papal states. After a second expedition to Italy, to which he was compelled by the treachery of the Langobards, he defeated the Bavarians and warred successfully with the Saxons (753-757). He was succeeded at his death by his son, Charles the Great (Charlemagne). He married Lady Bertha (Big-Footed Bertha).

(Research):Pepin of Heristal Pepin of Heristal (Pepin II) Pronounced As: heristl pepin , d. 714, mayor of the palace (680-714) of the Frankish territory of Austrasia; grandson of Pepin of Landen and father of Charles Martel. After defeating the nobles of Neustria at the battle of Tertry (687), Pepin made himself mayor, or ruler, of all the Frankish kingdoms except Aquitaine, with the Merovingian dynasty retaining the nominal kingship. He defeated the Frisians, the Alemanni, and the Bavarians and established a strong government, thus laying the foundation for the empire of his descendants, the Carolingian mayors and kings. France, history of Encyclopædia Britannica Article Merovingian and Carolingian age The Carolingians Charles Martel and Pepin III the Short Charles Martel The situation was rectified by Pepin's illegitimate son, Charles Martel. Defeating the Neustrians at Amblève (716), Vincy (717), and Soissons (719), he made himself master of northern Francia. He then re-established Frankish authority in southern Gaul, where the local authorities could not cope with the Islamic threat; he stopped the Muslims near Poitiers (Battle of Tours; 732) and used this opportunity to subdue Aquitaine (735-736). The Muslims then turned toward Provence, and Charles Martel sent several expeditions against them. At the same time, he succeeded in reestablishing authority over the dissident provinces in the southeast (737-738) with the exception of Septimania. Finally, he reestablished his influence in Germany. In his numerous military campaigns he succeeded in driving the Saxons across the Rhine, returned the Bavarians to Frankish suzerainty, and annexed southern Frisia and Alemannia. He also encouraged missionary activity, seeing it as a means to consolidate his power; this undertaking was supported by the papacy, which was beginning to seek support in the West. Missionaries east of the Rhine, most of whom were Anglo-Saxon (e.g., Willibrord and Winfrid, also known as Boniface), made definite progress in their task. Charles Martel had supported a figurehead Merovingian king, Theodoric IV (ruled 721-737), but upon the latter's death he felt his own position secure enough to leave the throne vacant. His chief source of power was a strong circle of followers, who furnished the main body of his troops and became the most important element in the army because local dislocation of government had weakened the recruitment of the traditional levies of free men. He attached them to himself by concessions of land, which he obtained by drawing on the considerable holdings of the church. This gave him large tracts of land at his disposal, which he granted for life (precaria). He was thus able to recruit a larger and more powerful circle of followers than that surrounding any of the other influential magnates. Pepin III the Short At the death of Charles Martel (741), as was the custom, the lands and powers in his hands were divided between his two sons, Carloman and Pepin III the Short. This partition was followed by unsuccessful insurrections in the peripheral duchies_Aquitaine, Alemannia, and Bavaria. Carloman's entrance into a monastery in 747 reunited Carolingian holdings. Pepin the Short, who had held de facto power over Francia, or the regnum Francorum, as mayor of the palace, now desired to be king. He was crowned with the support of the papacy, which, threatened by the Lombards and having problems with Byzantium, sought a protector in the West. The change of dynasty was accomplished in two stages: in 751, after obtaining the support of Pope Zacharias, Pepin deposed Childeric III; he then had himself elected king by an assembly of magnates and consecrated by the bishops, thus ending the nominal authority of the last Merovingian king, Childeric III, who had been placed on the throne in 743. The new pope, Stephen II (or III), sought aid from Francia; in 754 at Ponthion he gave Pepin the title patrician of the Romans, renewed the king's consecration, and consecrated Pepin's sons, thus providing generational legitimacy for the line. As king, Pepin limited himself to consolidating royal control in Gaul, thus establishing the base for later Carolingian expansion. Despite Pepin's efforts, the situation at the German frontier was unstable. The duchy of Bavaria, which had been given to Tassilo III as a benefice, gained its independence in 763; several expeditions were unable to subdue the Saxons. On the other hand, Pepin achieved a decisive victory in southern Gaul by capturing Septimania from the Muslims (752-759). He broke down Aquitaine's resistance, and it was reincorporated into the kingdom (760-768). Pepin intervened in Italy twice (754-755; 756) on the appeal of the pope and laid the foundations for the Papal States. He exchanged ambassadors with the great powers of the eastern Mediterranean_the Byzantine Empire and the caliphate of Baghdad. France, history of Encyclopædia Britannica Article Merovingian and Carolingian age The Carolingians Charlemagne Pepin III, faithful to ancient customs, divided his kingdom between his two sons, Charles (Charlemagne) and Carloman. On Carloman's death in 771 the kingdom was reunited. Charlemagne established the base of his kingdom in northeastern Francia (his preferred residence was Aachen [Aix-la-Chapelle]). The conquests Charlemagne extended considerably the territory he controlled and unified a large part of the Christian West; he followed no grand strategy of expansion, taking advantage, instead, of situations as they arose. Charlemagne consolidated his authority up to the geographic limits of Gaul. Though he put down a new insurrection in Aquitaine (769), he was unable to bring the Gascons and the Bretons fully under submission. He pursued an active policy toward the Mediterranean world. In Spain he attempted to take advantage of the emir of Córdoba's difficulties; he was unsuccessful in western Spain, but in the east he was able to establish a march south of the Pyrenees to the important city Barcelona. Pursuing Pepin's Italian policy, he intervened in Italy. At the request of Pope Adrian I, whose territories had been threatened by the Lombards, he took possession of their capital city, Pavia, and had himself crowned king of the Lombards. In 774 he fulfilled Pepin's promise and created a papal state; the situation on the peninsula remained unsettled, and many expeditions were necessary. This enlargement of his Mediterranean holdings led Charlemagne to establish a protectorate over the Balearic Islands in the western Mediterranean (798-799). Charlemagne conquered more German territory and secured the eastern frontier. By means of military campaigns and missionary activities he brought Saxony and northern Frisia under control; the Saxons, led by Widukind, offered a protracted resistance (772-804), and Charlemagne either destroyed or forcibly deported a large part of the population. To the south, Bavaria was brought under Frankish authority and annexed. Conquests in the east brought the Carolingians into contact with new peoples_Charles was able to defeat the Avars in three campaigns (791, 795, 796), from which he obtained considerable booty; he was also able to establish a march on the middle Danube, and the Carolingians undertook the conversion and colonization of that area. Charles established the Elbe as a frontier against the northern Slavs. The Danes constructed a great fortification, the Dannevirke, across the peninsula to stop Carolingian expansion. Charles also founded Hamburg on the banks of the Elbe. These actions gave the Franks a broad face on the North Sea. The Frankish state was now the principal power in the West. Charlemagne claimed to be defender of Roman Christianity and intervened in the religious affairs of Spain. Problems arose over doctrinal matters that, along with questions concerning the Italian border and the use of the imperial title, brought him into conflict with the Byzantine Empire; a peace treaty was signed in 810-812. Charles continued his peace policy toward the Muslim East: ambassadors were exchanged with the caliph of Baghdad, and Charles received a kind of eminent right in Jerusalem. France, history of Encyclopædia Britannica Article Merovingian and Carolingian age The Carolingians Charlemagne The restoration of the empire When by the end of the 8th century Charles was master of a great part of the West, he reestablished the empire in his own name. He was crowned emperor in Rome (Christmas Day, 800), by Pope Leo III. Charlemagne's powers in Rome and in relation to the Papal States, which were incorporated, with some degree of autonomy, into the Frankish empire, were clarified. Although his new title did not replace his royal titles, it was well suited to his preponderant position in the old Roman West. The imperial title indicates a will to unify the West; nevertheless, Charlemagne preserved the kingdom of Italy, giving the crown to one of his sons, Pepin, and made Aquitaine a kingdom for his other son, Louis. Emperors ruled over kings. Louis I the Pious Only chance ensured that the empire remained united under Louis I the Pious, the last surviving son of Charlemagne (the latter had anticipated the partitioning of his empire among his sons). The era of great conquests had ended, and, on the face of it, Louis's principal preoccupation was his relations with the peoples to the north. In the hope of averting the threat posed by the Vikings, who had begun to raid the coasts of the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, Louis proposed to evangelize the Scandinavian world. This mission was given to St. Ansgar but was a failure. During Louis's reign, the imperial bureaucracy was given great uniformity. Louis saw the empire, above all, as a religious ideal, and in 816 the imperial coronation, originally a secular ceremony, was complemented by a religious ceremony, the anointment, at which the pope presided. At the same time Louis the Pious took steps to regulate the succession so as to maintain the unity of the empire (Ordinatio Imperii, 817). His oldest son, Lothair I, was to be sole heir to the empire, but within it three dependent kingdoms were maintained: Louis's younger sons, Pepin and Louis, received Aquitaine and Bavaria, respectively; his nephew Bernard was given Italy. The remarriage of Louis the Pious to Judith of Bavaria and the birth of a fourth son, Charles II the Bald, upset this project. In spite of opposition from Lothair, who had the support of a unity faction drawn from the ranks of the clergy, the emperor's principal concern was to create a kingdom for Charles the Bald. These divergent interests led to conflicts that weakened imperial prestige (in 833, abandoned by his followers at the Field of Lies, Louis the Pious was forced to make public penance at the church of Notre-Dame at Compiègne). The question of Aquitaine arose at the death of Pepin I, ruler there since 814; the emperor gave this subordinate kingdom to Charles, but the magnates rose up and proclaimed Pepin II, the son of the dead king. France, history of Encyclopædia Britannica Article Merovingian and Carolingian age The Carolingians The partitioning of the Carolingian empire After the death of Louis I the Pious (840), his sons continued their plotting to alter the succession. Louis II the German and Charles II the Bald affirmed their alliance against Lothair I (Oath of Strasbourg, 842). The Treaty of Verdun Later the three brothers came to an agreement in the Treaty of Verdun (843). The empire was divided into three kingdoms arranged along a north-south axis: Francia Orientalis was given to Louis, Francia Media to Lothair, and Francia Occidentalis to Charles the Bald. The three kings were equal among themselves. Lothair kept the imperial title, but it had completely lost its universal character and had meaning only in a portion of the old empire. France, history of Encyclopædia Britannica Article Merovingian and Carolingian age The Carolingians The partitioning of the Carolingian empire The kingdoms created at Verdun Until 861 the clerical faction tried to impose a government of fraternity on the descendants Charlemagne, manifested in the numerous conferences they held; but particularistic forces destroyed it. Francia Media proved to be the least stable of the kingdoms, and the imperial institutions bound to it suffered as a result. In 855 the death of Lothair I was followed by a partition of his kingdom among his three sons: the territory to the north and west of the Alps went to Lothair II (Lotharingia) and to Charles (kingdom of Provence); Louis II received Italy and the imperial title. At the death of Charles of Provence (863), his kingdom was divided between his brothers Lothair II (Rhône region) and Louis II the German (Provence). After the death of Lothair II in 869, Lotharingia was divided between his two uncles, Louis the German and Charles the Bald. Louis, however, did not gain control of his share until 870. Charles was made master of the Rhône regions of the ancient kingdom of Provence. Louis II (d. 875) devoted most of his attention to fighting the Muslims who threatened the peninsula and the papal territories. In Francia Occidentalis Charles II the Bald was occupied with the struggle against the Vikings, who ravaged the countryside along the Scheldt, Seine, and Loire rivers. More often than not, the king was forced to pay for their departure with silver and gold. Aquitaine remained a centre of dissension. For some time (until 864) Pepin II continued to have supporters there, and Charles the Bald attempted to pacify them by installing his sons_first Charles the Young (ruled 855-866) and then Louis II the Stammerer (ruled 867-877)_on the throne of Aquitaine. The problems in Aquitaine were closely connected to general unrest among the magnates, who wished to keep the regional king under their control. By accumulating countships and creating dynasties, the magnates succeeded in carving out large principalities at the still unstable borders: Robert the Strong and Hugh the Abbot in the west; Eudes, son of Robert the Strong, in this same region and in the area around Paris; Hunfred, Vulgrin, Bernard Plantevelue, count of Auvergne, and Bernard of Gothia in Aquitaine and the border regions; Boso in the southeast; and Baldwin I in Flanders. Nevertheless, Charles the Bald appeared to be the most powerful sovereign in the West, and in 875 Pope John VIII arranged for him to accept the imperial crown. An expedition he organized in Italy on the appeal of the pope failed, and the magnates of Francia Occidentalis rose up. Charles the Bald died on the return trip (877). Charles's son, Louis II the Stammerer, ruled for only two years. At his death in 879 the kingdom was divided between his sons Louis III and Carloman. In the southeast, Boso, the count of Vienne, appropriated the royal title to the kingdom of Provence. The imperial throne remained vacant. The death of Louis III (882) permitted the reunification of Francia Occidentalis (except for the kingdom of Provence) under Carloman. In Francia Orientalis royal control over the aristocracy was maintained. But decentralizing forces, closely bound to regional interests, made themselves felt in the form of revolts led by the sons of Louis the German. The latter had made arrangements to partition his kingdom in 864, with Bavaria and the East Mark to go to Carloman, Saxony and Franconia to Louis the Younger, and Alemannia (Swabia) to Charles III the Fat. Although Louis II the German managed to gain a portion of Lotharingia in 870, he was unable to prevent Charles the Bald's coronation as emperor (875). When Louis the German died in 876, the partition of his kingdom was confirmed. At the death of Charles the Bald, Louis the German's son Carloman seized Italy and intended to take the imperial title, but ill health forced him to abandon his plans. His youngest brother, Charles III the Fat, benefited from the circumstances and restored the territorial unity of the empire. The deaths of his brothers Carloman (880) and Louis III the Younger (882) without heirs allowed him to acquire successively the crown of Italy (880) and the imperial title (881) and to unite Francia Orientalis (882) under his own rule. Finally, at the death of Carloman, son of Louis the Stammerer, Charles the Fat was elected king of Francia Occidentalis (885); the magnates had bypassed the last heir of Louis the Stammerer, Charles III the Simple, in his favour. Charles the Fat avoided involving himself in Italy, in spite of appeals from the pope, and concentrated his attention on coordinating resistance to the Vikings, who had resumed the offensive in the valleys of the Scheldt, Meuse, Rhine, and Seine. He was unsuccessful, however, and in 886 had to purchase the Vikings' departure: they had besieged Paris, which was defended by Count Eudes. The magnates of Francia Orientalis rose up and deposed Charles the Fat in 887.

Weis: Mayor of the Palace; deposed the last of the Faineant Merovingian kings and became first king of the Franks of the second race, 751-768.

[grosenbaum2.ged]

Pepin the Short, mayor of the palace of Austrasia and king of the Franks (751-768), the son of the Frankish ruler Charles Martel, and the grandson of Pepin of Herstal. He was mayor of the palace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-751), the last of the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the first king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II (III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northern Italy, Pepin lead an army that defeated them (754-755). He ceded to the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant, called the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine in southwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman and Charlemagne as joint kings.

Name Prefix: King Name Suffix: III, Of Franks "The Short" 1 NAME Pepin "The Short" III King of the /Carolingians/ 1 BIRT 2 DATE 714 2 PLAC Austrasia, Lorraine, France 1 DEAT 2 DATE 24 SEP 768 2 PLAC St. Denis, Ile De France, France

[De La Pole.FTW]

Sources: RC 171, 214; A. Roots50; NEHGR, v99; Collins; Carolingian Ancestry; AF.

Roots: Pepin the Short,first king of the Franks of the second race, 751-768. RC: Pepin "the Short,"Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, King of the Franks. Collins: Pepin the Short(Pepin le Bref). Mayor of the Palace 741-751. King of the Franks 751-768.

Carolingian: Pepin the Short, King of the Franks, died 768. No wife listed.

The Carolingians descend from Pepin the Short.

Name Prefix: Prince Name Suffix: Of The Franks

OCCU Mayor of Palace 741-47... SOUR www.rootsweb.com/gumby; www.teleport.com/ddonahue/donahue; SOUR Anglo-Saxon England, Sir Frank Stenton, p. 170 says AFT 747; FRANCE.SOV (Compuserve) says 754;www.rootsweb.com/gumby says 4 Dec 755; oyalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 191, 196 says 754 Retired from the world in 747-Anglo-Saxon England, Sir Frank Stenton, p. 170; Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 191; Prince of the Franks- www.teleport.com/ddonahue/donahue;

NSFX Mayor of the Palace inAustasia TYPE Book AUTH Stuart, Roderick W. PERI Royalty for Commoners EDTN 3d PUBLGenealogical Publishing co., Inc, Baltimore, MD (1998) ISB 0-8063-1561-X TEXT260-47; 269-43 DATE 28 APR 2000

TITL Final.ged REPO CALN MEDI Other DATA TEXT Date of Import: Feb 1, 1999 TITL Final.ged REPO CALN MEDI Other DATA TEXT Date of Import: Feb 1, 1999 TITL Final.ged REPO CALN MEDI Other DATA TEXT Date of Import: Feb 1, 1999

OCCU Mayor of Palace 741-47... SOURwww.rootsweb.com/gumby; www.teleport.com/ddonahue/donahue ; SOUR Anglo-Saxon England, Sir Frank Stenton, p. 170 says AFT 747; FRANCE.SOV (Compuserve) says 754;www.rootsweb.com/gumby says 4 Dec 755; oyalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 191, 196 says 754 Retired from the world in 747-Anglo-Saxon England,Sir Frank Stenton, p. 170; Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 191; Prince of the Franks - www.teleport.com/ddonahue/donahue;

OCCU Mayor of Palace 741-47... SOUR www.rootsweb.com/gumby;www.teleport.com/ddonahue/donahue ; SOUR Anglo-Saxon England, Sir Frank Stenton, p. 170 says AFT 747; FRANCE.SOV (Compuserve) says 754;www.rootsweb.com/gumby says 4 Dec 755; oyalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 191, 196 says754 Retired from the world in 747-Anglo-Saxon England, Sir Frank Stenton, p.170; Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 191; Prince of the Franks - www.teleport.com/ddonahue/donahue;

FRNKY FREN Y GOVT Y DATE 12 NOV 1997

NSFX Mayor of the Palace inAustasia TYPE Book AUTH Stuart, Roderick W. PERI Royalty for Commoners EDTN 3d PUBLGenealogical Publishing co., Inc, Baltimore, MD (1998) ISB 0-8063-1561-X TEXT260-47; 269-43 DATE 28 APR 2000

TITL Final.ged REPO CALN MEDI Other DATA TEXT Date of Import: Feb 1, 1999 TITL Final.ged REPO CALN MEDI Other DATA TEXT Date of Import: Feb 1, 1999 TITL Final.ged REPO CALN MEDI Other DATA TEXT Date of Import: Feb 1, 1999

OCCU Mayor of Palace 741-47... SOURwww.rootsweb.com/gumby; www.teleport.com/ddonahue/donahue ; SOUR Anglo-Saxon England, Sir Frank Stenton, p. 170 says AFT 747; FRANCE.SOV (Compuserve) says 754;www.rootsweb.com/gumby says 4 Dec 755; oyalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 191, 196 says 754 Retired from the world in 747-Anglo-Saxon England,Sir Frank Stenton, p. 170; Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 191; Prince of the Franks - www.teleport.com/ddonahue/donahue;

OCCU Mayor of Palace 741-47... SOUR www.rootsweb.com/gumby;www.teleport.com/ddonahue/donahue ; SOUR Anglo-Saxon England, Sir Frank Stenton, p. 170 says AFT 747; FRANCE.SOV (Compuserve) says 754;www.rootsweb.com/gumby says 4 Dec 755; oyalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 191, 196 says754 Retired from the world in 747-Anglo-Saxon England, Sir Frank Stenton, p.170; Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 191; Prince of the Franks - www.teleport.com/ddonahue/donahue;

FRNKY FREN Y GOVT Y DATE 12 NOV 1997

NSFX Mayor of the Palace inAustasia TYPE Book AUTH Stuart, Roderick W. PERI Royalty for Commoners EDTN 3d PUBLGenealogical Publishing co., Inc, Baltimore, MD (1998) ISB 0-8063-1561-X TEXT260-47; 269-43 DATE 28 APR 2000

TITL Final.g

Alias: KING of the /Franks/ REFERENCE: 1981

[Norvell.FTW]

[Eno.ftw]

BIOGRAPHY: Mayor of the palace of Austrasia and King of the Franks (751-768), The son of the Frankish ruler Charles Martel, and the grandson of Pepin of Herstal. He was mayor of the palace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-751), the last of the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the first king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II (III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754-755). He ceded to the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant, called the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in southwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman and Charlemagne as joint kings. Microsoft, Encarta 98 Encyclopedia.

Pipin ?den Lille? var rikshovmester av Austrasia og Neustria 741 - 751 og konge av
Franken 751 - 768.
Karl Martell ble etterfulgt av sin sønn Pipin. Navnet ?den Lille? skal han ha fått på
grunn av en bedrift som minnet om Davids kamp med Goliath. For å vise sine menn hva han
dugde til, ga han seg nemlig i kamp med en løve, som han først hadde latt anfalle en vill okse,
og skilte hodet fra kroppen på dem begge med et eneste sverdhugg. Fra det øyeblikk var det
ingen som våget å måle krefter med Pipin.
Han ble sammen med sin bror Karlmann ?major domus? over Neustrien, Burgund og
Provence. Han innsatte Childerich III i 742 og ble eneherre i 747, da Karlmann gikk i kloster.
Et par år etter Karl Martells død var det på ny blitt plasert en konge av Klodvigs ætt på
tronen, men meningen var bare å ha ham der ?som et fugleskremsel? mot rovfuglsvermene
mens Pipin selv var borte på felttog i fiendeland. Da Pipin vendte hjem som seierherre, syntes
han imidlertid det var meningsløst å ha en slik skyggekonge ved siden av seg, og for å få en
anstendig slutt på den ynkelige komedien, sendte han ?etter råd og godkjenning fra alle
franker?, et sendebud til paven og lot forespørre hos Hans Hellighet om det var rett og riktig
med konger som ikke hadde noen makt.
Hva pavens svar ville bli, kunne det ikke herske noen tvil om. Spørsmålet var blitt stilt
ham på et tidspunkt som var meget gunstig for Pipin. Den hellige fader levde nemlig i stor
redsel for de forhatte langobardene, som nettopp da var i full gang med å forsøke å gjøre seg til
herrer over hele Italia. De hadde alt underlagt seg de keiserlige besittelsene ved Ravenna, det
såkalte Eksarkatet, og når som helst kunne turen komme til Roma.
Paven trengte altså en beskytter. Fra keiseren var det ingen hjelp å vente, for hans
stridskrefter var bundet i øst i kampen mot islam. Den hellige fader ville ha vært en meget dårlig
statsmann hvis han i en slik situasjon ikke hadde innsett verdien av å få frankernes mektige
hersker til venn. Hans svar på Pipins spørsmål ble følgelig: ?Det er bedre at den som har
makten også bærer kongenavnet.? I kraft av denne uttalelsen ble så Pipin valgt til konge av
frankerne i 751 eller 752 på en riksforsamling i Soissons. Landets fornemste biskoper salvet
ham med hellig olje til bekreftelse på hans nye verdighet, ?som Samuel hadde salvet Saul og
David?. Dermed hadde kirken gitt den nykronede kongen sin velsignelse, og den burde vel
kunne oppveie savnet av fødselsretten til tronen. Den siste merovinger måtte gå i kloster
sammen med sin sønn.
Pipin fikk snart anledning til å gjøre paven en gjentjeneste. Som ventet, ble nemlig
Hans Hellighet hardt presset av langobardenes konge, som fordret at romerne skulle betale
skatt til ham. Forgjeves sendte paven sine sendemenn til ham - kongen bare ?brølte som en
løve? og slynget ut de forferdeligste trusler mot Roma. Forgjeves skrev også Den hellige fader
til keiseren i Konstantinopel og anropte ham om bistand. Paven måtte da i sin nød se seg om
etter annen hjelp, og han vendte seg til frankernes konge. Enda det var sent på høsten,
foretok han en besværlig reise over Alpene for å samrå seg med Pipin om hjelp. Kongen
sendte sin tolv år gamle sønn Karl - den senere Karl ?den Store? - sammen med flere fornemme
menn for å møte paven på frankisk jord og eskortere ham videre. Selv hilste kongen Den
hellige fader med store æresbevisninger, gjorde ydmykt knefall for ham og gikk et langt stykke
?som en annen stallkar? ved siden av Hans Hellighets hest. Den hellige fader nølte nå ikke
med å legge St. Peters sak i kongens hender, og Pipin påtok seg oppgaven som pavens og
den hellige kirkes beskytter. Forbundet mellom den hellige fader og frankernes konge ble
ifølge gamle beretninger beseglet under dramatiske, delvis bibelske scener i middelaldersk regi;
paven og hans klerker i sekk og aske lå nesegrus og anropte kongen om hjelp, mens de
påkalte Gud og apostlene. Og straks Den hellige fader reiste seg, rakte kongen, hans sønner
og stormenn ham hendene til tegn på at de ville stå ham bi. Deretter viste paven sin
takknemlighet ved selv høytidelig å salve Pipin til konge i kirken i Saint-Denis, og dessuten ble
også begge hans sønner innvidd til sin vordende kongeverdighet på samme måte. Inntrykket
av den høytidelige handling ble ytterligere forsterket ved den forbannelse paven uttalte over
enhver som dristet seg til å velge en annen enn en av Pipins sønner til konge, når den tid kom.
Så var da ?den hellige Peters velsignelse blitt utøst over frankernes konge?. I og med
kroningen var Pipin og hans frankere ?blant alle konger og folk blitt utvalgt til Guds eget folk?,
og Pipin hadde også fått et sterkt overtak over alle sine medbeilere til kronen.
Hans takk kom i form av to krigstog til Italia, hvor han beseiret langobarderkongen
Aistulf i 756 og - sannsynligvis etter avtale - overleverte de italienske områdene som keiseren
ikke hadde maktet å forsvare, til pavestolen. Ved denne gaven fra den frankiske konge ble
grunnen lagt til den senere Kirkestaten som var helt uavhengig av Bysants og omfattet omtrent
hele det gamle Latium og den sydlige delen av Etruria foruten Eksarkatet. Tidligere hadde det
materielle grunnlag for pavens makt bestått av de domener som hadde tilfalt kirken ved
gavebrev og testamenter rundt omkring på hele Apenninerhalvøya, på Sicilia, Sardinia og
Korsika, ja til og med i Nord-Afrika, Syd-Gallia og Illyria. Dette kirkelige arvegodset fortsatte
hele tiden å bestå ved siden av selve Kirkestatsområdet og vokste stadig ved nye donasjoner.
Pipin ble ?Patricius? og dermed Romas skytsherre.
Etter å ha skjenket kirken en slik stor almisse mente Pipin at han hadde skaffet seg
forlatelse for alle sine synder. I hvert fall fremstilte han saken slik for keiseren da denne gjorde
krav på å få tilbake de områdene Pipin hadde forært bort. ?Ingen skatter i verden ville kunne
formå meg til å frata St. Peter det som jeg en gang har gitt ham,? bedyret han.
Pipin hadde ?som en gang Moses og David, reddet Guds folk fra fiendens vold?, og
paven velsignet ham, hans hus og hele hans land. Romerne hadde stilt seg under de frankiske
kongers protektorat. Roma tilhørte ikke lenger det romerske keiserdømme, men til det frankiske
rike. ?Inntil da hadde den romerske kirke vendt sitt ansikt mot øst,? sier den estnisk-tyske
historieforskeren Johannes Haller. ?Nå vender den ryggen mot Østen og kaster seg i armene
på frankerne.? Det er i landene i vest paven har funnet sin store fremtidsoppgave, først og
fremst takket være misjonsarbeidet og karolingernes kraftige beskyttelse.
Grunnleggelsen av Kirkestaten har hatt umåtelig betydning for Italias skjebne.
Langobarderriket ble på den måten berøvet enhver mulighet til å utvikle seg til en mektig og
enhetlig stat, og Apenninerhalvøya var for århundrer fremover dømt til splittelse.
Om Pipins regjering er det forøvrig å fortelle at han styrte sitt rike med kraft og klokskap
og med hell fortsatte sin fars bestrebelser for å verge rikets grenser mot fiendtlige angrep. Han
hadde en lykkelig evne til å forene kraft og myndighet med mildhet og forsonlighet. Etter krigen
med langobardene formidlet han et godt forhold mellom dem og paven. og selv med keiseren i
Konstantinopel kom han etter en tids forløp på ganske god fot. Hans italienske politikk hadde
ingen vidtgående hensikter, han ville bare trygge pavens selvstendighet overfor langobarder
og østromere og derved skaffe seg et støttepunkt i Roma. Noen tanke om selv å skaffe seg
besittelser syd for Alpene, hadde han ikke. Det var tilstrekkelig med andre, mer nærliggende
utenrikspolitiske oppgaver, som ga ham mer enn nok å gjøre. Det var først hans store
etterfølger som kom til å slå inn på nye veier i sin italienske politikk.
Men like lite som Pipin hadde egne planer med Italia, ville han gi sin støtte til å
virkeliggjøre de høytflyvende ideene som pavemaktens fremvekst etter hvert hadde fremkalt i
Roma. Der hadde man nemlig begynt å drømme om intet mindre enn det vestromerske rikes
fornyelse gjennom pavedømmet. Slike fantasterier stilte Pipin seg kjølig avvistende til. I stedet
rakte han keiseren hånden til forsoning ved å sende en utsending til Konstantinopel.
Resultatet ble at de to fyrstene ?lovet hverandre vennskap og troskap? og sendte gaver til
hverandre. Blant gavene fra keiseren var det et orgel, et musikkinstrument som ingen hadde
sett før i frankernes land, og de undret seg umåtelig da ?orgelpipene ble beskjelet av belgenes
åndedrett og etterlignet tordenens drønn, lyrens tone og cymballenes klang?.
Keiseren innledet også forhandlinger om ekteskap mellom sin sønn og en av Pipins
døtre. Men kongen ville ikke høre på det øret. Han unnskyldte seg med at han ikke ville gifte
bort barna sine til fremmede land og forøvrig ikke kunne love noe i denne forbindelse uten
pavens samtykke.
Også med El-Mansur, kaliffen i Bagdad, innledet Pipin diplomatiske forbindelser, og de
to fyrstene utvekslet sendemenn og ga hverandre gaver. De hadde jo felles interesser overfor
kalifatet i Cordoba. Men til noe samarbeid mellom øst og vest mot omajjadene i Spania kom det
ikke.
Pipin døde i 768. Han hadde gjort begge sine sønner og etterkommere til regenter, men
den yngste av dem døde snart etter, og Karl ble konge alene.

Pepin the Short, King of the Franks

Pepin, also known as Pepin III, c.714-68, was the first Carolingian king of the Franks (Rex Francorum ) and the father of CHARLEMAGNE. Pepin and his brother Carloman succeeded (741) their father, CHARLES MARTEL, as mayors of the palace; during the next six years they crushed a half dozen serious revolts in Bavaria, Alamannia, Saxony, and Aquitaine. With the realm at peace Carloman entered a monastery (747). Three years later Pepin altered the long-standing pro- Lombard policy of his family and arranged with Pope Zacharias to support the papacy in return for papal sanction of Carolingian usurpation of the Frankish kingship. Thus Pepin deposed (751) King Childeric III and was anointed king of the Franks. To preserve his bond with the papacy, Pepin crushed the Lombards when they threatened Rome (754, 756). He ceded conquered territories to the pope (the Donation of Pepin), thus establishing the basis for the PAPAL STATES. Pepin also crushed revolts in Saxony (748, 753) and Bavaria (749) and conquered Aquitaine. He was succeeded by his sons, Charlemagne and Carloman.

.
Pepin III "The Short" King of the Franks was Crowned at King of the Franks, Austrasia. was born circa 715 at Austrasia.1 He was the son of Charles Martel "The Hammer" and Chrotrude Duchess of Austrasia. He married Bertrade deLaon "au Grand Pied" ("Broad Foot") circa 740.1,2 died on 24 September 768 at St. Denis, France.

[Norvell.FTW]

[Eno.ftw]

BIOGRAPHY: Mayor of the palace of Austrasia and King of the Franks (751-768), The son of the Frankish ruler Charles Martel, and the grandson of Pepin of Herstal. He was mayor of the palace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-751), the last of the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the first king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II (III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754-755). He ceded to the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant, called the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in southwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman and Charlemagne as joint kings. Microsoft, Encarta 98 Encyclopedia.

In 751, with the support of the Pope, Pepin cut off Childeric's long hair, the mark of his kingship, and sent him to a monastery, arrogating to himself the royal power. He was an active ruler, imposing peace on his border-lands, and twice descending on Italy to protect the Pope from the Lombards, giving to him the duchy of Rome as his own state in the bargain.

Pepin the Short
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Pepin the Short
King of the Franks, Mayor of the Palaces of Neustria and Austrasia
Pepin or Pippin (714 ? 24 September 768), called the Short, and oftenknown as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III,[1] was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the father of Charlemagne.

He was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of theFranks, and of Rotrude of Trier (690-724).

Contents [hide]
1 Assumption of power
2 First Carolingian king
3 Expansion of the Frankish realm
4 Legacy
5 Family
6 Notes

[edit] Assumption of power
Pepin's father, Charles Martel, died in 741. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother, Carloman, hissurviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became Mayor of the Palaceof Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria. Grifo, Charles' son by his second wife, Swanahild (aka Swanhilde), may also have been intended to receive an inheritance, but he was imprisoned in amonastery by his two half-brothers. Carloman, who by all evidence wasa deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747. This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pepin ofHeristal.

Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel the dux et princeps Francorum were the commanders of the armies of the kingdom, in addition to their administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Martel had begun maintaining year-round since Toulouse in 721.

Upon their assumption, Pepin and Carloman, who had not proved themselves in battle in defense of the realm as their father had, installed the Merovingian Childeric III as king, even though Martel had left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV. Childeric had the titleof king, but he was considered weak. As time passed, and his brother bowed out of the picture, Pepin became discontent with the royal powerbeing with Childeric.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Odilo was forced by Pepin to acknowledge Frankish overlordship, but died soon after (January 18, 748). Pepin invaded Bavaria and installed Tassilo III as duke under Frankish overlordship.

[edit] First Carolingian king
Since Pepin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of the king, he suggested the Pope make the Carolingian name royal in law as well as fact. Pepin asked Pope Zachary, "Is it right that the royal power sit with the person with the title of King, or the person who makes the decisions as King?" The Pope answered that the de facto power is more important than the de jure power. Thus, Pepin, having obtained the support of the papacy, discouraged opposition to his house. He was elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish leading-men, with a large portion of his army on hand (in the event that the nobility inclined not to honor the Papal bull), and anointed at Soissons, by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, who, along with his niece, Saint Leoba, was a court advisor. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean de Maurienne in 753. Childeric III was deposed, his hair shaved off and he was confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians.

[edit] Expansion of the Frankish realm
Pepin added to his power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint him in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman.

Pepin's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had a policy of expansion into the ducatus Romanum, as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church and confirmed the papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin whereby the Papal States was founded.[2] In 759, he drove the Saracens out of Gaul with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by integrating Aquitaine into the kingdom. In taking Narbonne, and formally annexing Aquitaine (whose status was always dependent on the strength of her suzerains), he completed the work of his father save for one last task: fully subduing the Saxons. He was preparing for war against them when his health began to fail, and thus, this final task was left for his son, thegreat Charlemagne.

[edit] Legacy
Pepin died during a campaign and was brought to Saint Denis to be buried near the saint in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada. Pepin was buried "outside that entrance [of Saint Denis Basilica] according to his wishes, face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel".[1] Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of itsfull army in wartime. He not only maintained his father's policy of containing the Moors, he drove them over and across the Pyrenees with the capture of Narbonne. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe. His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people. It can certainly be argued that Pepin's assumption of the crown, and the title of Patrician of Rome, were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation which is usually seen as the founding of the Holy Roman Empire. He certainly made the Carolingians de jure what his father had made them de facto?the ruling dynasty of the Franks and the foremost power of Europe. While not known as a great general, he was undefeated during his lifetime.

[edit] Family
In 740, Pepin married Bertrada of Laon, his second cousin. Her father, Charibert, was the son of Pepin II's brother, Martin of Laon. They are known to have had four children:

Charles (April 2, 742 ? January 28, 814), (Charles the Great)
Carloman (751 ? December 4, 771)
Gisela (757 ? 810)
Pepin, who died in infancy.

[s2.FTW]

Source: Church of JC of the LDS "Ancestral File" CD-Rom database, ver 4.17.Source: Church of JC of the LDS "Ancestral File" CD-Rom database, ver 4.17.

Basic Life Information

Pepin or Pippin (714 - 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III, was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the father of Charlemagne.

He was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and of Rotrude of Trier (690-724).

Assumption of Power

Pepin's father, Charles Martel, died in 741. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother, Carloman, his surviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria. Grifo, Charles' son by his second wife, Swanahild (aka Swanhilde), may also have been intended to receive an inheritance, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers. Carloman, who by all evidence was a deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747. This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pepin of Heristal.

Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel the dux et princeps Francorum were the commanders of the armies of the kingdom, in addition to their administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Martel had begun maintaining year-round since Toulouse in 721.

Upon their assumption, Pepin and Carloman, who had not proved themselves in battle in defense of the realm as their father had, installed Childeric III as king, even though Martel had left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV. Childeric had the title of king, but he was considered weak. As time passed, and his brother bowed out of the picture, Pepin became discontent with the royal power being with Childeric.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Odilo was forced by Pepin to acknowledge Frankish overlordship, but died soon after (January 18, 748). Pepin invaded Bavaria and installed Tassilo III as duke under Frankish overlordship.

First Carolingian King

Since Pepin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of the king, he suggested the Pope make the Carolingian name royal in law as well as fact. Pepin asked Pope Zachary, "Is it right that the royal power sit with the person with the title of King, or the person who makes the decisions as King?" The Pope answered that the de facto power is more important than the de jure power. Thus, Pepin, having obtained the support of the papacy, discouraged opposition to his house. He was elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish leading-men, with a large portion of his army on hand (in the event that the nobility inclined not to honor the Papal bull), and anointed at Soissons, by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, who, along with his niece, Saint Leoba, was a court advisor. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean de Maurienne in 753. Childeric III was deposed, his hair shaved off and he was confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians.

Expansion of the Frankish Realm

Pepin added to his power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint him in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman.

Pepin's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had a policy of expansion into the ducatus Romanum, as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church and confirmed the papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin whereby the Papal States was founded. In 759, he drove the Saracens out of Gaul with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by integrating Aquitaine into the kingdom. In taking Narbonne, and formally annexing Aquitaine (whose status was always dependent on the strength of her suzerains), he completed the work of his father save for one last task: fully subduing the Saxons. He was preparing for war against them when his health began to fail, and thus, this final task was left for his son, the great Charlemagne.

Marriage and Children

In 740, Pepin married Bertrada of Laon, his second cousin. Her father, Charibert, was the son of Pepin II's brother, Martin of Laon. They are known to have had four children:
Charles (April 2, 742 - January 28, 814), (Charles the Great)
Carloman (751 - December 4, 771)
Gisela (757 - 810)
Pepin, who died in infancy.

Death

Pepin died during a campaign and was brought to Saint Denis to be buried near the saint in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada. Pepin was buried "outside that entrance [of Saint Denis Basilica] according to his wishes, face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel".

Legacy

The Frankish realm was fractioned according to salic law between his two sons: Charlemagne and Carloman I.

Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its full army in wartime. He not only maintained his father's policy of containing the Moors, he drove them over and across the Pyrenees with the capture of Narbonne. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe.

His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people. It can certainly be argued that Pepin's assumption of the crown, and the title of Patrician of Rome, were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation which is usually seen as the founding of the Holy Roman Empire. He certainly made the Carolingians de jure what his father had made them de facto-the ruling dynasty of the Franks and the foremost power of Europe. While not known as a great general, he was undefeated during his lifetime.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippin_the_Short>

Inherits rule of from father Neustria, Burgundy, and Provence

Inherits rule of from father Austrasia, Alemannia, and Thuringia, & Suzerainty over Bavaria

--byname Pippin the Short, French Pépin le Bref, German Pippin der Kurzethe first king of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty and the father of Charlemagne. A son of Charles Martel, Pippin became sole de facto ruler of the Franks in 747 and then, on the deposition of Childeric III in 751, king of the Franks. He was the first Frankish king to beanointed—first by St. Boniface and later (754) by Pope Stephen II.

[elen.FTW]

[Brøderbund WFT Vol. 3, Ed. 1, Tree #4579, Date of Import: Jun 15, 2003]

Pepin the Short, Mayor of the Palace, first king of the Franks of the second race 751-768.

Pepin III (also called Pippin, or Pepin the Short) (died 768), first
Carolingian king of the Franks, son of Charles Martel and father of
Charlemagne
Holy Roman Empire

---------------------------------------------------------
Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia
Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Compton's NewMedia, Inc. All Rights Reserved

As the first king of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty, he limited himself to
consolidating royal control in Gaul, thus establishing the base for later
Carolingian (of and pertainging to Charlemagne, the Great) expansion. Pepin
the Short, who had held de facto power over Francia as mayor of the palace,
then desired to be king. He was crowned with the support of the papacy,
which, threatened by the Lombards and having problems with Byzantium, sought
out a protector in the West, with Pepin deposing of King Childeric III in 751.

The mayor of the palace from 741-745 jointly with his brother Pepin the
Short. He administered the Eastern Frankish kingdom, fought wars with the
Germans and strengthened the power of the church. He retired to a monastery
at Monte Soratte in 745 becoming a monk, and later, at Monte Cassino in
Italy in 750.

Pepin the Short
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pepin the Short
King of the Franks, Mayor of the Palaces of Neustria and Austrasia

Reign 751 – 768
Born 714
Jupille, Austrasia (modern day Liège, Belgium)
Died 24 September 768
Predecessor Childeric III
Successor Charlemagne
Carloman I
Dynasty Carolingian
Carolingian dynasty
Pippinids
Pippin the Elder (c. 580–640)
Grimoald (616–656)
Childebert the Adopted (d. 662)

Arnulfings
Arnulf of Metz (582–640)
Chlodulf of Metz (d. 696 or 697)
Ansegisel (c.602–before 679)
Pippin the Middle (c.635–714)
Grimoald II (d. 714)
Drogo of Champagne (670–708)
Theudoald (d. 714)

Carolingians
Charles Martel (686–741)
Carloman (d. 754)
Pepin the Short (714–768)
Carloman I (751–771)
Charlemagne (d. 814)
Louis the Pious (778–840)

After the Treaty of Verdun (843)
Lothair I, Holy Roman Emperor (795–855)
(Middle Francia)
Charles the Bald (823–877)
(Western Francia)
Louis the German (804–876)
(Eastern Francia)

Pepin or Pippin (714 – 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III,[1] was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the father of Charlemagne.

He was born in 714 in Jupille, close to the city of Liège, in what is today Belgium, where the Carolingian dynasty originated. That territory was then a part of the kingdom of Austrasia. His father was Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and his mother was Rotrude of Trier (690-724).

Contents [hide]
1 Assumption of power
2 First Carolingian king
3 Expansion of the Frankish realm
4 Legacy
5 Family
6 Notes

[edit] Assumption of power
Pepin's father, Charles Martel, died in 741. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother, Carloman, his surviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria. Grifo, Charles' son by his second wife, Swanahild (aka Swanhilde), may also have been intended to receive an inheritance, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers. Carloman, who by all evidence was a deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747. This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pepin of Heristal.

Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel the dux et princeps Francorum were the commanders of the armies of the kingdom, in addition to their administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Martel had begun maintaining year-round since Toulouse in 721.

Upon their assumption, Pepin and Carloman, who had not proved themselves in battle in defense of the realm as their father had, installed the Merovingian Childeric III as king, even though Martel had left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV. Childeric had the title of king, but he was considered weak. As time passed, and his brother bowed out of the picture, Pepin became discontent with the royal power being with Childeric.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Odilo was forced by Pepin to acknowledge Frankish overlordship, but died soon after (January 18, 748). Pepin invaded Bavaria and installed Tassilo III as duke under Frankish overlordship.

[edit] First Carolingian king
Since Pepin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of the king, he suggested the Pope make the Carolingian name royal in law as well as fact. Pepin asked Pope Zachary, "Is it right that the royal power sit with the person with the title of King, or the person who makes the decisions as King?" The Pope answered that the de facto power is more important than the de jure power. Thus, Pepin, having obtained the support of the papacy, discouraged opposition to his house. He was elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish leading-men, with a large portion of his army on hand (in the event that the nobility inclined not to honor the Papal bull), and anointed at Soissons, by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, who, along with his niece, Saint Leoba, was a court advisor. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean de Maurienne in 753. Childeric III was deposed, his hair shaved off and he was confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians.

[edit] Expansion of the Frankish realm
Pepin added to his power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint him in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman.

Pepin's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had a policy of expansion into the ducatus Romanum, as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church and confirmed the papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin whereby the Papal States was founded.[2] In 759, he drove the Saracens out of Gaul with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by integrating Aquitaine into the kingdom. In taking Narbonne, and formally annexing Aquitaine (whose status was always dependent on the strength of her suzerains), he completed the work of his father save for one last task: fully subduing the Saxons. He was preparing for war against them when his health began to fail, and thus, this final task was left for his son, the great Charlemagne.

[edit] Legacy
Pepin died during a campaign and was brought to Saint Denis to be buried near the saint in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada. Pepin was buried "outside that entrance [of Saint Denis Basilica] according to his wishes, face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel".[1] Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its full army in wartime. He not only maintained his father's policy of containing the Moors, he drove them over and across the Pyrenees with the capture of Narbonne. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe. His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people. It can certainly be argued that Pepin's assumption of the crown, and the title of Patrician of Rome, were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation which is usually seen as the founding of the Holy Roman Empire. He certainly made the Carolingians de jure what his father had made them de facto—the ruling dynasty of the Franks and the foremost power of Europe. While not known as a great general, he was undefeated during his lifetime.

[edit] Family
In 740, Pepin married Bertrada of Laon, his second cousin. Her father, Charibert, was the son of Pepin II's brother, Martin of Laon. They are known to have had four children:

Charles (April 2, 742 – January 28, 814), (Charles the Great)
Carloman (751 – December 4, 771)
Gisela (757 – 810)
Pepin, who died in infancy.

Pepin the Short
Carolingian Dynasty
Born: 714 Died: 768
Preceded by
Charles Martel Mayor of the Palace of Neustria
741–751 Titles
Retired
Preceded by
Carloman Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia
747–751
Preceded by
Childeric III King of the Franks
751–768 Succeeded by
Charles I and
Carloman I

[edit] Notes
^ Pepin's name can be very confusing. Historically, historians have vacillated between preference for Pepin, derived from the French Pépin, and the German Pippin. His nickname is also subject to whims, le Bref being translated as either "the Short" or "the Younger". The Younger is explained as referring to the fact that he was the younger of the two Arnulfing Pepins who ruled as mayors of the palace; the Short as deriving from the tales of Notker Balbalus regarding the King's diminutive size. More novel suggestions include a suggestion that "the Short" referred to his hair—since he was the first Frankish king to wear his hair shorn short. Dutton, PE, Charlemagne's Mustache.
^ "Pepin the Short". Catholic Encyclopedia. (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Carloman, son of Charles Martel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Carloman (c.710[1] – 17 August[2] 754) was the son of Charles Martel, major domo or mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and his wife Chrotrud. On Charles' death (741), he and his brother Pippin the Short succeeded to their father's legal positions, Pippin in Neustria and Carloman in Austrasia. He was a member of the family later called the Carolingians and it can be argued that he was instrumental in consolidating their power at the expense of the ruling Merovingian kings of the Franks. He withdrew from public life in 747 to take up the monastic habit.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Assumption of power
* 2 Strengthening of the dynasty
* 3 Political ruthlessness
* 4 Withdrawal from public life
* 5 Notes

[edit]

Assumption of power

After the death of his father, power was not initially divided to include Grifo, Charles' illegitimate son. This was per Charles' wishes, though Grifo demanded a portion of the realm from his brothers, who refused him. By 742, Carloman and Pippin had ousted Grifo and forced him into a monastery, and each turned his attention towards his own area of influence as major domo, Pippin in the West and Carloman in the East. With Grifo contained, the two mayors, who had not yet proved themselves in battle in defence of the realm as their father had, on the initiative of Carloman, installed the Merovingian Childeric III as king (743), even though Martel had left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV in 737. Carloman realized that until they had established themselves as defenders of the realm and faith, as their father had, they needed the puppet king which Charles had dispensed with. Unlike most medieval instances of fraternal power sharing, Carloman and Pippin seemed at least willing to work together without plotting against each other, and some sources even suggest that the brothers genuinely liked each other: certainly, they undertook every military action as one. Carloman joined Pippin against Hunald of Aquitaine's rising in 742 and again in 745. Pippin assisted Carloman against the Saxons 742-743 and against Odilo of Bavaria in 742 and again in 744, when peace was established between the brothers and their brother-in-law, for Odilo had married their sister Hiltrude.
[edit]

Strengthening of the dynasty

In his own realm, Carloman strengthened his authority in part via his support of the Anglo-Saxon missionary Winfrid (later Saint Boniface), the so-called "Apostle of the Germans," whom he charged with restructuring the chuch in the Austrasia. This was in part the continuation of a policy begun under his grandfather, Pippin of Herstal, and continued to a lesser extent under Charles Martel. Carloman was instrumental in convening the Concilium Germanicum in 742, the first major Church synod to be held in the eastern regions of the Frankish kingdom. Chaired jointly by him and Boniface, the synod ruled that priests were not allowed to bear arms or to host females in their houses and that it was one of their primary tasks to eradicate pagan beliefs. While his father had frequently confiscated church property to reward his followers and to pay for the standing army that had brought him victory at Tours, by 742 the Carolingians were wealthy enough to pay their military retainers and still support the Church. For Carloman, a deeply religious man, it was a duty of love, for Pippin a practical duty. Both saw the necessity of strengthening the ties between their house and the Church. Therefore, Carloman sought to increase the assets of the church. He donated, for instance, the land for one of Boniface's most important foundations, the monastery of Fulda.
[edit]

Political ruthlessness

Despite his piety, Carloman could be ruthless towards real or perceived opponents. In 746, he convened an assembly of the Alamanni magnates at Cannstatt and then had most of them, numbering in the thousands, arrested and executed for high treason in the Blood Court at Cannstatt. This eradicated virtually the entire tribal leadership of the Alamanni and ended the independence of the tribal duchy of Alamannia, which was thereafter governed by counts appointed by their Frankish overlords.

These actions strengthened Carloman's position, and that of the family as a whole, especially in terms of their rivalries with other leading barbarian families such as the Bavarian Agilolfings.
[edit]

Withdrawal from public life

On 15 August 747, Carloman renounced his position as major domo and withdrew to a monastic life, being tonsured in Rome by Pope Zachary. He founded Monte Soracte and then went to Monte Cassino. All sources from the period indicate he truly believed his brother was capable of leading the kingdom by himself, and that his calling was the Church. He felt he had done his duty for the family for six years in ruthlessly eliminating its enemies, and strengthening the dynasty. Having completed what he felt were his worldly tasks, and believing "one hand on the sword holds it better than two," he withdrew to a monastery and spent the remainder of his life in meditation and prayer. At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Bavaria, where Duke Odilo provided support and assistance, but when Odilo died a year later and Grifo attempted to seize the duchy of Bavaria for himself, Pippin, who had become sole major domo and dux et princeps Francorum, took decisive action by invading Bavaria and installing Odilo's infant son, Tassilo III, as duke under Frankish suzerainty. Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne in 753.

Carloman enters the pages of history only once more, seven years after his retirement and on the eve of his death. In 754, Pope Stephen III had begged Pippin, now king, to come to his aid against the king of the Lombards, Aistulf. Carloman visited his brother to beg him not to bring war to Italy, believing that Frankish intervention there was against the family's long term interest, but Pippin was unmoved and Carloman retired to Vienne, where he died on 17 August. He was buried in Monte Cassino.

Carolingian Dynasty
Born: 716; Died: 754
Preceded by:
Charles Martel Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia
741–747 Succeeded by:
Title disappears
[edit]

Notes

1. ^ There is some discrepancy between the sources on his year of birth. It is given variously as 706, 708, 714, or 716.
2. ^ There is some discrepancy between the sources on his date of death. It is the 17 of either August or July.

Pepin III (also called Pippin, or Pepin the Short) (died 768), first
Carolingian king of the Franks, son of Charles Martel and father of
Charlemagne
Holy Roman Empire

---------------------------------------------------------
Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia
Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Compton's NewMedia, Inc. All Rights Reserved

As the first king of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty, he limited himself to
consolidating royal control in Gaul, thus establishing the base for later
Carolingian (of and pertainging to Charlemagne, the Great) expansion. Pepin
the Short, who had held de facto power over Francia as mayor of the palace,
then desired to be king. He was crowned with the support of the papacy,
which, threatened by the Lombards and having problems with Byzantium, sought
out a protector in the West, with Pepin deposing of King Childeric III in 751.

Pepin III (also called Pippin, or Pepin the Short) (died 768), first
Carolingian king of the Franks, son of Charles Martel and father of
Charlemagne
Holy Roman Empire

---------------------------------------------------------
Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia
Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Compton's NewMedia, Inc. All Rights Reserved

As the first king of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty, he limited himself to
consolidating royal control in Gaul, thus establishing the base for later
Carolingian (of and pertainging to Charlemagne, the Great) expansion. Pepin
the Short, who had held de facto power over Francia as mayor of the palace,
then desired to be king. He was crowned with the support of the papacy,
which, threatened by the Lombards and having problems with Byzantium, sought
out a protector in the West, with Pepin deposing of King Childeric III in 751.

The mayor of the palace from 741-745 jointly with his brother Pepin the
Short. He administered the Eastern Frankish kingdom, fought wars with the
Germans and strengthened the power of the church. He retired to a monastery
at Monte Soratte in 745 becoming a monk, and later, at Monte Cassino in
Italy in 750.

Pepin the Short
Mayor of the Palace of the whole Frankish kingdom (both Austrasia and Neustria), and later King of the Franks; born 714; died at St. Denis, 24 September, 768. He was the son of Charles Martel <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03629a.htm>. Pepin and his older brother Carloman were taught by the monks of St. Denis, and the impressions received during their monastic education had a controlling influence upon the relations of both princes to the Church. When the father died in 741 the two brothers began to reign jointly but not without strong opposition, for Griffon, the son of Charles Martel and the Bavarian Sonnichilde, demanded a share in the government. Moreover, the Duke of the Aquitanians and the Duke of the Alamannians thought this a favourable opportunity to throw off the Frankish supremacy. The young kings were repeatedly involved in war, but all their opponents, including the Bavarians and Saxons, were defeated and the unity of the kingdom re-established. As early as 741 Carloman had entered upon his epoch-making relations with St. Boniface <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02656a.htm>, to whom was now opened a new field of labour, the reformation of the Frankish Church. On 21 April, 742, Boniface <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02656a.htm> was present at a Frankish synod presided over by Carloman at which important reforms were decreed. As in the Frankish realm the unity of the kingdom was essentially connected with the person of the king, Carloman to secure this unity raised the Merovingian Childeric to the throne (743). In 747 he resolved to enter a monastery. The danger, which up to this time had threatened the unity of the kingdom from the division of power between the two brothers, was removed, and at the same time the way was prepared for the deposing of the last Merovingian and for the crowning of Pepin. The latter put down the renewed revolt led by his step-brother Griffon, and succeeded in completely restoring the boundaries of the kingdom. Pepin now addressed to the Pope the suggestive question: In regard to the kings o the Franks who no longer possess the royal power, is this state of things proper? Hard pressed by the Lombards, Pope Zacharias welcomed this advance of the Franks which aimed at ending an intolerable condition of things, and at laying the constitutional foundations for the exercise of the royal power. The pope replied that such a state of things was not proper. After this decision the place Pepin desired to occupy was declared vacant. The crown was given him not by the pope but by the Franks. According to the ancient custom Pepin was then elected king and soon after this was anointed by Boniface <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02656a.htm>. This consecration of the new kingdom by the head of the Church was intended to remove any doubt as to its legitimacy. On the contrary, the consciousness of having saved the Christian world from the Saracens produced, among the Franks, the feeling that their kingdom owed its authority directly to God. Still this external cooperation of the pope in the transfer of the kingdom to the Carolingians would necessarily enhance the importance of the Church. The relations between the two controlling powers of Christendom now rapidly developed. It was soon evident to what extent the alliance between Church and State was to check the decline of ecclesiastical and civil life; it made possible the conversion of the still heathen German tribes, and when that was accomplished provided an opportunity for both Church and State to recruit strength and to grow.
Ecclesiastical, political, and economic developments had made the popes lords of the ducatus Romanus. They laid before Pepin their claims to the central provinces of Italy, which had belonged to them before Liutprand's conquest. When Stephen II had a conference with King Pepin at Ponthion in January, 754, the pope implored his assistance against his oppressor the Lombard King Aistulf, and begged for the same protection for the prerogatives of St. Peter which the Byzantine exarchs had extended to them, to which the king agreed, and in the charter establishing the States of the Church, soon after given at Quiercy, he promised to restore these prerogatives. The Frankish king received the title of the former representative of the Byzantine Empire in Italy, i.e. "Patricius", and was also assigned the duty of protecting the privileges of the Holy See.
When Stephen II performed the ceremony of anointing Pepin and his son at St. Denis, it was St. Peter who was regarded as the mystical giver of the secular power, but the emphasis thus laid upon the religious character of political law left vague the legal relations between pope and king. After the acknowledgment of his territorial claims the pope was in reality a ruling sovereign, but he had placed himself under the protection of the Frankish ruler and had sworn that he and his people would be true to the king. Thus his sovereignty was limited from the very start as regards what was external to his domain. The connection between Rome and the Frankish kingdom involved Pepin during the years 754-56 in war with the Lombard King Aistulf, who was forced to return to the Church the territory he had illegally held. Pepin's commanding position in the world of his time was permanently secured when he took Septimania from the Arabs. Another particularly important act was his renewed overthrow of the rebellion in Aquitaine which was once more made a part of the kingdom. He was not so fortunate in his campaigns against the Saxons and Bavarians. He could do no more than repeatedly attempt to protect the boundaries of the kingdom against the incessantly restless Saxons. Bavaria remained an entirely independent State and advanced in civilization under Duke Tassilo. Pepin's activity in war was accompanied by a widely extended activity in the internal affairs of the Frankish kingdom, his main object being the reform of legislation and internal affairs, especially of ecclesiastical conditions. He continued the ecclesiastical reforms commenced by St. Boniface <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02656a.htm>. In doing this Pepin demanded an unlimited authority over the Church. He himself wished to be the leader of the reforms. However, although St. Boniface <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02656a.htm> changed nothing by his reformatory labours in the ecclesiastico-political relations that had developed in the Frankish kingdom upon the basis of the Germanic conception of the State, nevertheless he had placed the purified and united Frankish Church more definitely under the control of the papal see than had hitherto been the case. From the time of St. Boniface <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02656a.htm> the Church was more generally acknowledged by the Franks to be the mystical power appointed by God. When he deposed the last of the Merovingians Pepin was also obliged to acknowledge the increased authority of the Church by calling upon it for moral support. Consequently the ecclesiastical supremacy of the Frankish king over the Church of his country remained externally undiminished. Nevertheless by his life-work Pepin had powerfully aided the authority of the Church and with it the conception of ecclesiastical unity. He was buried at St. Denis where he died. He preserved the empire created by Clovis from the destruction that menaced it; he was able to overcome the great danger arising from social conditions that threatened the Frankish kingdom, by opposing to the unruly lay nobility the ecclesiastical aristocracy that had been strengthened by the general reform. When he died the means had been created by which his greater son could solve the problems of the empire. Pepin's policy marked out the tasks to which Charlemagne <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03610c.htm> devoted himself: quieting the Saxons, the subjection of the duchies and lastly, the regulation of the ecclesiastical question and with it that of Italy.
Source: Catholic Encyclopedia <../cathen>

Pepin III, byname PEPIN THE SHORT, French PÉPIN LE BREF, German PIPPIN DER KURZE (b. c. 714--d. Sept. 24, 768, Saint-Denis, Neustria [now in France]), the first king of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty and the father of Charlemagne. A son of Charles Martel, Pepin became sole de facto ruler of the Franks in 747 and then, on the deposition of Childeric III in 751, king of the Franks. He was the first Frankish king to be anointed--first by St. Boniface and later (754) by Pope Stephen II. For years the Merovingian kings had been unable to prevent power from slipping from their hands into those of the counts and other magnates. The kings were gradually eclipsed by the mayors of the palace, whose status developed from that of officer of the household to regent or viceroy. Among the mayors, a rich family descended from Pepin of Landen (Pepin I) held a position of especial importance. When Charles Martel, the scion of that family, died in 741, he left two sons: the elder, Carloman, mayor of Austrasia, Alemannia, and Thuringia, and Pepin III, mayor of Neustria, Burgundy, and Provence. No king had ruled over all the Franks since 737, but to maintain the fiction of Merovingian sovereignty, the two mayors gave the crown to Childeric III in 743. Charles had had a third son, however-- Grifo, who had been born to him by a Bavarian woman of high rank, probably his mistress. In 741, when his two brothers were declared mayors of the Franks, Grifo rebelled. He led a number of revolts in subsequent years and was several times imprisoned. In 753 he was killed amid the Alpine passes on his way to join the Lombards, at this time enemies of the Franks as well as of the papacy. Numerous other rebellions broke out. In 742 men of the Aquitaine and Alemannia were in revolt; in 743 Odilo, duke of Bavaria, led his men into battle; in 744 the Saxons rebelled, in 745 Aquitaine, and in 746 Alemannia, both the latter for the second time. In 747, when Carloman decided to enter monastic life at Rome, a step he had been considering for years, Pepin became sole ruler of the Franks. But Pepin was ambitious to govern his people as king, not merely as mayor. Like his father, he had courage and resolution; unlike his father, he had a strong desire to unite the papacy with the Frankish realm. In 750 he sent two envoys to Pope Zacharias with a letter asking: "Is it wise to have kings who hold no power of control?" The pope answered: "It is better to have a king able to govern. By apostolic authority I bid that you be crowned King of the Franks." Childeric III was deposed and sent to a monastery, and Pepin was anointed as king at Soissons in November 751 by Archbishop Boniface and other prelates. The pope was in need of aid. Aistulf, king of the Lombards, had seized Ravenna with its lands, known as the exarchate. Soon, Lombard troops marched south, surrounded Rome, and prepared to lay siege to its walls. So matters stood when in 752 Zacharias died and Stephen II became pope. In November 753 Pope Stephen made his way over the stormy mountain passes to Frankish territory. He remained in France until the summer of 754, staying at the abbey of Saint-Denis, Paris. There he himself anointed Pepin and his sons, Charles and Carloman, as king and heirs of the crown. The pope returned to Italy accompanied by Pepin and his army. A fierce battle was fought in the Alps against Aistulf and the Lombards. The Lombard king fled back to his capital, Pavia; Pepin and his men plundered the land around Pavia until Aistulf promised to restore to papal possession Ravenna and all the Roman properties claimed by the pope. Aistulf broke his word. Again and again Pope Stephen wrote to Pepin of his difficulties. In 756 the Frankish king once more entered Italy. Aistulf was once more constrained to make promises, but the same year he died--of a fall from his horse--and in April 757 a new king, Desiderius, became ruler of the Lombards. That year Stephen II also died, and Paul I was elected pope. He, too, constantly wrote to Pepin asking for help. But the King of the Franks had other concerns. He had to put down revolts in Saxony in 748 and 753 and a rising in Bavaria in 749. He was continually marching against rebellious Aquitaine. In 768 Pepin died at Saint-Denis, on his way back from one of his Aquitainian expeditions. Pepin is remembered not only as the first of the Carolingians but also as a strong supporter of the Roman Church. The papal claims to territory in Italy originated with Pepin's campaigns against Aistulf and the latter's pledge to return the Roman territories. His letters also show him calling for archbishoprics in Frankish territory, promoting synods of clergy and layfolk, and as deeply interested in theology. Source: "Pepin III" Britannica Online. [Accessed 10 February 1998].

Pepin III (also called Pippin, or Pepin the Short) (died 768), first
Carolingian king of the Franks, son of Charles Martel and father of
Charlemagne
Holy Roman Empire

---------------------------------------------------------
Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia
Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Compton's NewMedia, Inc. All Rights Reserved

As the first king of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty, he limited himself to
consolidating royal control in Gaul, thus establishing the base for later
Carolingian (of and pertainging to Charlemagne, the Great) expansion. Pepin
the Short, who had held de facto power over Francia as mayor of the palace,
then desired to be king. He was crowned with the support of the papacy,
which, threatened by the Lombards and having problems with Byzantium, sought
out a protector in the West, with Pepin deposing of King Childeric III in 751.

!DESCENT: Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr., Ancestral Roots
of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700, 7th ed., at 163
(1992). Line 190-12.

[Wikipedia, "Caloman, son of Charles Martel", retrieved 20 Oct 07]
Carloman (between 706 and 716 - 17 August 754) was the eldest son of Charles Martel, major domo or mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and his wife Chrotrud. On Charles' death (741), he and his brother Pippin the Short succeeded to their father's legal positions, Carloman in Austrasia, and Pippin in Neustria. He was a member of the family later called the Carolingians and it can be argued that he was instrumental in consolidating their power at the expense of the ruling Merovingian kings of the Franks. He withdrew from public life in 747 to take up the monastic habit.

Assumption of power
After the death of his father, power was not initially divided to include Grifo, another of Charles' sons. This was per Charles' wishes, though Grifo demanded a portion of the realm from his brothers, who refused him. By 742, Carloman and Pippin had ousted Grifo and forced him into a monastery, and each turned his attention towards his own area of influence as major domo, Pippin in the West (in what was called Neustria, roughly what is now France) and Carloman in the East (in what was called Austrasia, roughly what is now Germany), which was the Carolingian base of power.

With Grifo contained, the two mayors, who had not yet proved themselves in battle in defence of the realm as their father had, on the initiative of Carloman, installed the Merovingian Childeric III as king (743), even though Martel had left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV in 737.

Unlike most medieval instances of fraternal power sharing, Carloman and Pippin for seven years seemed at least willing to work together; certainly, they undertook many military actions together. Carloman joined Pippin against Hunald of Aquitaine's rising in 742 and again in 745. Pippin assisted Carloman against the Saxons 742-743 and against Odilo of Bavaria in 742 and again in 744, when peace was established between the brothers and their brother-in-law, for Odilo had married their sister Hiltrude.

Strengthening of the dynasty
In his own realm, Carloman strengthened his authority in part via his support of the Anglo-Saxon missionary Winfrid (later Saint Boniface), the so-called "Apostle of the Germans," whom he charged with restructuring the chuch in Austrasia. This was in part the continuation of a policy begun under his grandfather, Pippin of Herstal, and continued to under his father, Charles Martel, who erected four dioceses in Bavaria (Salzburg, Regensburg, Freising, and Passau) and gave them Boniface as archbishop and metropolitan over all Germany east of the Rhine, with his seat at Mainz. Boniface had been under Charles Martel's protection from 723 on; indeed the saint himself explained to his old friend, Daniel of Winchester, that without it he could neither administer his church, defend his clergy, nor prevent idolatry. Carloman was instrumental in convening the Concilium Germanicum in 742, the first major Church synod to be held in the eastern regions of the Frankish kingdom. Chaired jointly by him and Boniface, the synod ruled that priests were not allowed to bear arms or to host females in their houses and that it was one of their primary tasks to eradicate pagan beliefs. While his father had frequently confiscated church property to reward his followers and to pay for the standing army that had brought him victory at Tours, (a policy supported by Boniface as necessary to defend Christianity) by 742 the Carolingians were wealthy enough to pay their military retainers and still support the Church. For Carloman, a deeply religious man, it was a duty of love, for Pippin a practical duty. Both saw the necessity of strengthening the ties between their house and the Church. Therefore, Carloman sought to increase the assets of the church. He donated, for instance, the land for one of Boniface's most important foundations, the monastery of Fulda.

Political ruthlessness
Despite his piety, Carloman could be ruthless towards real or perceived opponents. After repeated armed revolts and rebellions, Carloman in 746 convened an assembly of the Alamanni magnates at Cannstatt and then had most of the magnates, numbering in the thousands, arrested and executed for high treason in the Blood Court at Cannstatt. This eradicated virtually the entire tribal leadership of the Alamanni and ended the independence of the tribal duchy of Alamannia, which was thereafter governed by counts appointed by their Frankish overlords.

These actions strengthened Carloman's position, and that of the family as a whole, especially in terms of their rivalries with other leading barbarian families such as the Bavarian Agilolfings.

Withdrawal from public life
On 15 August 747, Carloman renounced his position as major domo and withdrew to a monastic life, being tonsured in Rome by Pope Zachary. He founded a monastery on Monte Soratte and then went to Monte Cassino. All sources from the period indicate that he believed his calling was the Church. He withdrew to a monastery and spent most of the remainder of his life there, presumably in meditation and prayer.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Bavaria, where Duke Odilo provided support and assistance. But when Odilo died a year later and Grifo attempted to seize the duchy of Bavaria for himself, Pippin, who had become sole major domo and dux et princeps Francorum, took decisive action by invading Bavaria and installing Odilo's infant son, Tassilo III, as duke under Frankish suzerainty. Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne in 753.

Seven years after Carloman's retirement and on the eve of his death, he once more stepped briefly on the public stage. In 754, Pope Stephen II had begged Pippin, now king, to come to his aid against the king of the Lombards, Aistulf. Carloman left Monte Cassino to visit his brother to ask him not to march on Italy. Pippin was unmoved, and imprisoned Carloman in Vienne, where he died on 17 August. He was buried in Monte Cassino.

He was Mayor of the Palace until he deposed the last of the Merovingian Kings and became the first Carolingian King. "Who should be king? The man who actually holds power, or he, though called king, who has no power at all?" The Church sided with him, sighting the "Donation of Constantine" as its authority, a document which time has proven to have been a blatant forgery from within the Papal chancery. It said that Emperor Constantine after his conversion in 312 had declared the Bishop of Rome to be the Vicar of Christ, which made him pope and emperor. The church devised a ceremony whereby the blood of usurpers, or anyone else for that matter, could be made sacred, the coronation and annointment, so Pepin was "created" king and King Childeric was deposed. In 496, the Church had pledged itself in perpetuity to the Merovingian bloodline.
As a matter, perhaps, of conscience, he married a Merovingian Princesss just before his Coronation.
Pippin was crowned at Soissons in Nov., 751 and consecrated King at St. Denis in 754 by Winfred, St. Boniface, born ca. 675 in Devonshire,England, a monk who was commissioned by the pope to work in Germany, who was murdered in 754 by pagans. He is called the Apostle to the Germans. His consecration of Pippin was approved by the pope, wherein the church acknowledged his royal title and which Pippin rewarded by establishing the temporal power of the papacy.
He extended Austrasian power beyond the Rhine and the Pyrenees, and his alliance with the church opened the way for restoration of the western empire (achieved by his son, Charles the Great). Pippin was thefirst king of the new monarchy which would take its name (Carolingian) from his great son (Carolus = Charles). A younger son, Carloman, receivedthe southern half of his domains, but on Carloman's death in Dec. 771 Charles siezed these lands.

[Weis 50] Mayor of the Palace, first king of the Franks of the second race, 751-768. [163] deposed the last of the Fainéant (Merovingian) kings and became himself the first king of the Franks of the second race, 751-768.

Pepin the Short, King of the Franks was born in 714. Died on 24 Sep 76 8.Pepin the Short (circa714-768), mayor of the palace of Austrasia an d kingof the Franks (751-768), The son of the Frankish ruler Charles M artel,and the grandson of Pepin of Herstal. He was mayor of the palac e duringthe reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52), the last o f theMerovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin disposed Childeric and thus be came thefirst king of the Carolingian dynasy. He was crowned by Pope S tephen II(III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards o f northernItaly, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754-55). He ced ed to therppope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. Thi s grant,called the Donation of Pepin, laid foundation for the Papal st ates. Pepinenlarged his own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitan ia, insouthwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman (751- 71) andCharlemagne as joint kings.

27 Boniface to Pope Zacharias On His Accession to the Papacy (742)
Pope Zacharias (741-52) was of Greek extraction. He seems to have been le ss understanding of Boniface's difficulties than the previous Popes, thou gh to him must be ascribed the confirmation of the synods and much else t hat Boniface undertook. It was through his efforts that the Synod of Clov eshoe in England, 747, was held.
To our beloved lord Zacharias, who bears the insignia of the supreme pont ificate, Boniface, a servant of the servants of God.
We confess, Father and Lord, that after we had learned through messenger s that your predecessor Gregory, of holy memory, had departed this life , nothing gave us greater comfort and happiness than the knowledge that G od had appointed Your Holiness to enforce the canonical decrees and gover n the Apostolic See. Kneeling at your feet, we earnestly beg that, as w e have been devoted servants and humble disciples to your predecessors i n the See of Peter, we may likewise be counted obedient servants, under c anon law, of Your Holiness.
It is our firm resolution to preserve the Catholic faith and the unity o f the Church of Rome, and I shall continue to urge as many hearers and di sciples as God shall grant me on this mission to render obedience to th e Apostolic See.
We must also inform you, Holy Father, that owing to the conversion of th e German people we have consecrated three bishops and divided the provinc e into three dioceses. We humbly desire you to confirm and establish as b ishoprics, both by your authority and in writing, the three towns or citi es in which they were consecrated. We have established one episcopal se e in Wurzburg, another in Buraburg and a third in Erfurt, formerly a cit y of barbarous heathens. These three places we urgently beg you to uphol d and confirm by a charter embodying the authority of the Holy See, so th at, God willing, there may be in Germany three [99] episcopal sees founde d and established by St. Peter's word and the Apostolic See's command, wh ich neither present nor future generations will presume to change in defi ance of the authority of the Apostolic See.
Be it known to you also, Holy Father, that Carloman, Emperor of the Frank s, summoned me to his presence and desired me to convoke a synod in tha t part of the Frankish kingdom which is under his jurisdiction. He promis ed me that he would reform and re- establish ecclesiastical discipline. - which for the past sixty or seventy years has been completely disregard ed and despised. If he is truly willing, under divine inspiration, to pu t his plan into execution, I should like to have the advice and the instr uctions of the Apostolic See. According to their elders, the Franks hav e not held a council for more than eighty years; they have had no archbis hop nor have they established or restored in any place the canon law of t he Church. The episcopal sees, which are in the cities, have been given , for the most part, into the possession of avaricious laymen or exploite d by adulterous and unworthy clerics for worldly uses. If I am to underta ke this task at your bidding and on the invitation of the Emperor I mus t have at once, with the appropriate ecclesiastical sanctions, both the c ommand and the decision of the Apostolic See.
Should I discover among these men certain deacons, as they are called, wh o have spent their lives since childhood in debauchery, adultery and ever y kind of uncleanness " who have received the diaconate with this reputat ion, and who even now, when they have four or five or even more concubine s in their beds at night, are brazen enough to call themselves deacons an d read out the Gospel: who enter the priesthood, continue in the same car eer of vice and declare that they have the right to exercise the priestl y functions of making intercession for the people and offering Mass, an d who, to make matters worse, are promoted, despite their reputations, t o higher offices and are eventually nominated and consecrated bishops, ma y I in such cases have a written and authoritative statement regarding th e procedure to be followed, so that they may be convicted as criminals an d condemned by apostolic authority? Among them are bishops who deny the c harges of [100] fornication and adultery but who, nevertheless, are shift less drunkards, addicted to the chase, who march armed into battle and sh ed with their own hands the blood of Christians and heathens alike. Sinc e I am recognised as the servant and legate of the Apostolic See, my deci sions here and your decisions in Rome ought to be in complete agreement w hen I send messengers to receive your judgment.
In another matter, also, I must crave your advice and permission. Your pr edecessor of holy memory bade me, in your presence and hearing, to appoin t a certain priest as my successor to rule this diocese after my death. I f this be the will of God, I concur. But now I have my doubts whether i t is feasible, for in the meantime a brother of that priest has murdere d the duke's uncle, and at the moment I see no possibility of settling th e quarrel.
I beg you, therefore, to give me your authority to act on the advice of m y colleagues regarding the choice of a successor, so that in common we ma y do what is most advantageous for God, the Church and the safeguard of t he faith. May I have your permission to act in this matter as God shall i nspire me, for without defying the wishes of the duke the former choice s eems impossible.
I have further to seek your advice, Holy Father, in connection with a per plexing and scandalous report that has lately reached our ears. It has gr eatly disturbed us and filled the bishops of the Church with shame. A cer tain layman of high rank came to us and asserted that Gregory, of blesse d memory, Pontiff of the Apostolic See, had granted him permission to mar ry his uncle's widow. This woman had previously married her own cousin an d deserted him during his lifetime. She is known to be related in the thi rd degree to the man who wishes to marry her and who now declares that th e necessary permission has been granted. Furthermore, before her first ma rriage she had made a solemn vow of chastity and, after taking the veil , threw it aside.
For this marriage the man states that he has permission from the Holy See . This we cannot accept as true. For, at a Synod of the Church beyond th e sea, where I was born and bred, namely, [101] the Synod of London, conv oked by the disciples of St. Gregory, the archbishops, Augustine, Laurenc e, Justus and Mellitus, such a marriage was declared on the authority o f Holy Scripture to be a heinous crime, an incestuous and execrable unio n and a damnable sm. For this reason, I beg you, Holy Father, to state th e truth of the matter, so that it may not give rise to scandals, dissensi ons and new errors among the clergy and the faithful.
Because the sensual and ignorant Allemanians, Bavarians and Franks see th at some of these abuses which we condemn are rife in Rome, they think tha t the priests there allow them, and on that account they reproach us an d take bad example. They say that in Rome, near the church of St. Peter , they have seen throngs of people parading the streets at the beginnin g of January of each year, shouting and singing songs in pagan fashion, l oading tables with food and drink from morning tin night, and that durin g that time no man is willing to lend his neighbour fire or tools or anyt hing useful from his own house. They recount also that they have seen wom en wearing pagan amulets and bracelets on their arms and legs and offerin g them for sale. All such abuses witnessed by sensual and ignorant peopl e bring reproach upon us here and frustrate our work of preaching and tea ching. Of such matters the Apostle says reprovingly: " You have begun t o observe special days and months, special seasons and years. I am anxiou s over you: has all the labour I have spent on you been useless? "
And St. Augustine says: " The man who puts his faith in such nonsense a s incantations, fortune-tellers, soothsayers, amulets or prophecies of an y sort, even though he fasts and prays and runs continually to church, gi ving alms and doing all kinds of penances, gains nothing as long as he cl ings to such sacrilegious practices."
If Your Holiness would put an end to these heathen customs in Rome it wou ld redound to your credit besides promoting the success of our teaching o f the faith.
Frankish bishops and priests, whose reputation as adulterers and fornicat ors was notorious, whose children, born during their episcopate or priest hood, are living witnesses to their guilt, now declare on their return fr om Rome that the Roman Pontiff has granted them full permission to exerci se their offices in the Church. [102] Our answer to them is that we hav e never heard of the Apostolic See giving judgment contrary to the canoni cal decrees.
All these matters, beloved master, we bring to in order that we may giv e these men an authoritative r we, under your guidance and instruction, o vercome an these ravening wolves and prevent the sheep from being astray.
Finally, we are sending you some small gifts, a warm rug and little silve r and gold. Though they are too trifling to be offered to Your Holiness , they come as a token of our affection and our devoted obedience.
May God protect Your Holiness and may you enjoy health and long life in C hrist.
(Tangl, 50)
28 Answers of Pope Zacharias to Boniface (April 743)
Zacharias, servant of the servants of God, to his very reverend' and hol y brother and fellow bishop Boniface.
When we received your letter, most holy brother, which was brought to u s by your priest Denehard, and heard that you were in good health (as w e hope you may always be), we gave thanks to Almighty God who has deigne d to crown your labours with success. Our heart is always filled with gre at joy on the receipt, of your letters, because we find in them reports a bout the salvation; of souls and the conversion of new peoples through yo ur preaching to our Holy Mother, the Church.
Your latest letter tells us that you have established three bishops in th ree separate places to govern the people whom God, through your intervent ion, has brought into his fold. You ask that these episcopal sees may b e confirmed by our authority. You should, however, first consider and car efully examine whether this is advisable and whether the places and the n umber of inhabitants warrant the establishment of bishoprics. You will re call, beloved, that the sacred canons decree that bishops should not be a ttached [103] to villages and small cities lest the dignity of the episco pate be lessened.
However, in response to your earnest appeal we hasten to grant your reque st. By our apostolic authority we ordain that bishoprics be fixed there a nd that a worthy succession of bishops shall govern the people and instru ct them in the faith: there shall be one in the fortress called Wurzburg , a second in the town of Buraburg and a third in the place called Erfurt . Let no one dare to violate in the future what we have laid down and con firmed by the authority of the blessed Apostle Peter.
You tell us that our son Carloman [[1]] summoned you to meet him and to a rrange for a synod to be held in that part of the Frankish kingdom whic h is under his rule because of the complete collapse of church disciplin e in that province, a matter which we deeply regret. For a long time no c ouncil has been held there, and as a result many who call themselves prie sts hardly know what the priesthood is. When Carloman has put his promise s into effect and you take your place by his side at the council, if yo u see bishops, priests or deacons living in adultery or having more tha n one wife in flagrant contradiction to the decrees and laws of the Fathe rs, or shedding the blood of Christians and pagans or acting in any othe r way contrary to ecclesiastical law, you must suspend them, on apostoli c authority, from their priestly duties: for such individuals stand conde mned by their own conduct as false priests and arc worse than those layfo lk who give rein to their lusts, foster infamous unions and commit murder . On what grounds do they consider themselves to be priests? And how do t hey interpret God's word: "Let my priests marry once "? Or the words of t he Apostle: " Faithful to one wife "? And this is valid only before recei ving the priesthood, for afterwards they arc forbidden to marry. How do t hey think they can perform priestly duties when they are obviously steepe d in such crimes as are unthinkable even in laymen? Are they not afraid t o handle the sacred mysteries? How can they have the effrontery to offe r prayers for the sins of the people, when the sacred canons [104] prescr ibe that not even a simple cleric who has not been ordained may contrac t a second marriage? These men, on the contrary, are guilty of sins wors e than those of laymen not only because, being priests, they refuse to gi ve up one wife, but because they take several wives when they know quit e well that their state precludes even the taking of one.
[1] Carloman was one of the sons of Charles Martel. Brought up at Saint D enys, he was more religious than his brother Pippin the Short and was o f great assistance to Boniface. He eventually abdicated and entered the m onastic life.
But they attach no importance to this and proceed to call down on themsel ves the wrath of God by committing the still greater, crime of murder: an d so it comes about those whom they should baptize and cleanse from thei r sins and whom they should save: from hell by the administration of th e sacraments are slain by their sacrilegious hands. How can any reasonabl e man regard them as priests if they neither restrain their lust nor kee p their hands free from blood? Who can believe that their sacrifices ar e pleasing to God when the prophet says: "Bloodthirsty and treacherous me n the Lord holds in abhorrence "?
As I have said previously, we command you to suspend them from the perfor mance of priestly duties and the handling of the sacred mysteries. If yo u find that they have acted contrary to the laws of the Church in any oth er matters, consult the canons and decrees of the Fathers and make your d ecisions accordingly.
You say that you are entitled to name your successor and to choose a bish op to take your place during your lifetime: this we cannot allow under an y consideration. It is in open contradiction to the law of the Church an d the opinions of the Fathers. But we will allow you to have an assistan t to help you to preach the Gospel of Christ, according to the Apostle' s words: "Those who have served well in the diaconate will secure for the mselves a sure footing and great boldness in proclaiming the faith." It w ould obviously be quite wrong for us to appoint a substitute for you duri ng your lifetime. We command you to offer up continual prayer as long a s God grants you life to find you a successor pleasing to Him, able to go vern the people whom you have brought to His grace and capable of leadin g them along the path of life. Even if we wanted to satisfy your desire , we could not do so, for we are all frail and mortal, not knowing what t he coming day may bring and unable to foretell who may die first. However , if God [105] allows him to outlive you and you find that he is suitabl e and you persevere in your intention, then as soon as you become aware t hat your death is not far off you may designate your successor in the pre sence of others and send him to me to be consecrated. But this is a privi lege which we grant to you out of our affection: we cannot allow it to b e conferred on any other person.
As regards the man who wishes to marry his uncle's widow, it appears tha t the woman was previously married to her own cousin after having taken t he veil, and the story has been put about that our predecessor, of blesse d memory, gave him permission to contract this scandalous marriage with h er. God forbid that our predecessor should have allowed such a thing. Th e Holy See never countenances anything in open violation of the teachin g of the Fathers and the laws of the Church. Continue to warn, exhort an d urge them to break off so detestable a marriage, lest they perish etern ally. Recall to their minds that they have been redeemed by the blood o f Christ and that they must not wittingly hand themselves over to the pow er of the devil in this incestuous marriage. Let them dedicate themselve s to Christ and the Holy Ghost in whose name they have been snatched fro m the claws of that ancient foe. Impress upon them, most holy brother, th e words of Scripture: " To bring back erring feet into the right path mea ns saving a soul from death, means throwing a veil over a multitude of si ns."
As regards the New Year celebrations, auguries, amulets, incantations an d other practices, which you say are observed in pagan fashion at the chu rch of St. Peter, the Apostle, or in the city of Rome, we consider them t o be sinful and pernicious not only for us but for all Christians, accord ing to God's word in the Scriptures: " Jacob needs no soothsayer, Israe l no divination: time will reveal the marvellous things God does to them. " We consider also that auguries and divinations should be avoided, for w e have been taught that such practices were repudiated by the Fathers. Be cause these evils were cropping up again, we strove to abolish them fro m the very outset of our pontificate, when by divine favour we were elect ed to fill the place of the Apostle. We desire you to instruct your peopl e on the same lines and so lead them to eternal life. All such practice s were [106] conscientiously and thoroughly suppressed by our predecesso r and teacher, Gregory of sacred memory, together with many others, which , on the instigation of the devil, were beginning to make their appearanc e in the fold of Christ.
In fulfilment of your request, we are sending separate letters of confirm ation to each of your three bishops and we ask you to deliver them with y our own hand.
We have sent letters also to our son Carloman urging him to' carry out hi s promises at the earliest possible opportunity and to give you his suppo rt.
These, beloved brother, are our answers to the enquiries you made previou sly, given as God has inspired us for the suppression of all the scandal s and deceits of the devil. If other disorders arise among your people, d o your best to counteract them, framing your decisions on the laws of th e Church. We have no right to teach anything except the traditions of th e Fathers, but if some new situation arises through the wiles of the devi l and no solution is suggested in the provisions of the Church canons d o not hesitate to refer the matter to us, so that with God's help we ma y quickly give you an answer and attend to the wellbeing of your newly co nverted people.
Be assured that you have a special place in our affections and that it wo uld give us great pleasure to have you always by our side as a minister o f God in charge of the churches of Christ.
Finally, beloved brother, take strength in God. Persevere manfully in th e work to which God'. in His mercy, has called you; for the great rewar d which God has promised to all those who love Him awaits you. And sinner s though we are, we will never cease to implore Him to bring to perfectio n the generosity He has inspired in you. May blessed Peter, Prince of th e Apostles, assist you in everything which you do in obedience to Him t o the best of your desire.
May God keep you safe, most reverend and holy father.
Given on the kalends of April in the 24th year of our pious and august lo rd Constantine, by God crowned Emperor, in the second year of his consuls hip, in the eleventh indiction.

In 749 the Pope consolidated the alliance with the Carolingian family by allowing the transfer of the royal title from the powerless Merovingian title holder to the Pepin, the mayor of the palace and actual; holder of power in France. The events are described in the contemporary Annas of Lorsch.
Anno 749. Burchard, bishop of Wilrzburg, and Fulrad, priest and chaplain , were sent [by Pepin] to Pope Zacharias to ask his advice in regard to the kings who were then ruling in France, who had the title of king but no real royal authority. The Pope replied by these ambassadors that it would be better that he who actually had the power should be called king.
750 [751]. In this year Pepin was named king of the Franks with the sanction of the Pope, and in the city of Soissons he was anointed with the holy oil by the hands of Boniface, archbishop and martyr of blessed memory, and was raised to the throne after the custom of the Franks. But Childe rich, who had the name of king, was shorn of his locks and sent into a monastery.
753...In this year Pope Stephen came to Pepin at Kiersy, to urge him to defend the Roman church from the attacks of the Lombards. 754. And after Pope Stephen had received a promise from king Pepin that he would defend the Roman church, he anointed the king and his two sons, Karl and Karlmann, with the holy oil. And the Pope remained that winter in France.
From Oliver J. Thatcher, and Edgar Holmes McNeal, eds., A Source Book for Medieval History, (New York: Scribners, 1905), p. 37-38 Pepin the Short Mayor of the Palace of the whole Frankish kingdom (both Austria and Neustria), and later King of the Franks; born 714; died at St. Denis, 24 September, 768. He was the son of Charles Martel. Pepin and his older brother Carloman were taught by the monks of St. Denis, and the impressions received during their monastic education had a controlling influence upon t he relations of both princes to the Church. When the father died in 741 t he two brothers began to reign jointly but not without strong opposition, for Griffon, the son of Charles Martel and the Bavarian Sonnichilde, demanded a share in the government. Moreover, the Duke of the Aquitanians and the Duke of the Alamannians thought this a favorable opportunity to throw off the Frankish supremacy. The young kings were repeatedly involved in war, but all their opponents, including the Bavarians and Saxons, were defeated and the unity of the kingdom re-established. As early as 741 Carloman had entered upon his epoch-making relations with St. Boniface, to whom was now opened a new field of labour, the reformation of the Frankish Church. On 21 April, 742, Boniface was present at a Frankish synod presided over by Carloman at which important reforms were decreed. A s in the Frankish realm the unity of the kingdom was essentially connected with the person of the king, Carloman to secure this unity raised the Merovingian Childeric to the throne (743). In 747 he resolved to enter a monastery. The danger, which up to this time had threatened the unity of the kingdom from the division of power between the two brothers, was removed, and at the same time the way was prepared for the deposing of the last Merovingian and for the crowning of Pepin. The latter put down the renewed revolt led by his step-brother Griffon, and succeeded in completely restoring the boundaries of the kingdom. Pepin now addressed to the Pope the suggestive question: In regard to the kings o the Franks who no longer possess the royal power, is this state of things proper? Hard pressed by the Lombards, Pope Zacharias welcomed this advance of the Franks which aimed at ending an intolerable condition of things, and at laying the constitutional foundations for the exercise of the royal power. The Pope replied that such a state of things was not proper. After this decision the place Pepin desired to occupy was declared vacant. The crown was given him not by the Pope but by the Franks. According to the ancient custom Pepin was then elected king and soon after this was anointed by Boniface. This consecration of the new kingdom by the head of the Church was in tended to remove any doubt as to its legitimacy. On the contrary, the consciousness of having saved the Christian world from the Saracens produced, among the Franks, the feeling that their kingdom owed its authority directly to God . Still this external cooperation of the Pope in the transfer of the kingdom to the Carolingians would necessarily enhance the importance of the Church. The relations between the two controlling powers of Christendom now rapidly developed. It was soon evident to what extent the alliance between Church and State was to check the decline of ecclesiastical and civil life; it made possible the conversion of the still heathen German tribes, and when that was accomplished provided an opportunity for both Church and State to recruit strength and to grow.
Ecclesiastical, political, and economic developments had made the Popes lords of the ducatus Romanus. They laid before Pepin their claims to the central provinces of Italy, which had belonged to them before Liutprand's conquest. When Stephen II had a conference with King Pepin at Ponthion in January, 754, the Pope implored his assistance against his oppressor the Lombard King Aistulf, and begged for the same protection for the prerogatives of St. Peter which the Byzantine exarchs had extended to them, to which the king agreed, and in the charter establishing the States of the Church, soon after given at Quiercy, he promised to restore these prerogatives. The Frankish king received the title of the former representative of the Byzantine Empire in Italy, i.e. "Patricius", and was also as signed the duty of protecting the privileges of the Holy See .
When Stephen II performed the ceremony of anointing Pepin and his son a t St. Denis, it was St. Peter who was regarded as the mystical giver of t he secular power, but the emphasis thus laid upon the religious character of political law left vague the legal relations between Pope and king. After the acknowledgment of his territorial claims the Pope was in reality a ruling sovereign, but he had placed himself under the protection o f the Frankish ruler and had sworn that he and his people would be true to the king. Thus his sovereignty was limited from the very start as regards what was external to his domain. The connection between Rome and the Frankish kingdom involved Pepin during the years 754-56 in war with the Lombard King Aistulf, who was forced to return to the Church the territory he had illegally held. Pepin's commanding position in the world of his time was permanently secured when he took Septimania from the Arabs. Another particularly important act was his renewed overthrow of the rebellion in Aquitaine which was once more made a part of the kingdom. He was not so fortunate in his campaigns against the Saxons and Bavarians. He could do no more than repeatedly attempt to protect the boundaries of the kingdom against the incessantly restless Saxons. Bavaria remained an entirely independent State and advanced in civilization under Duke Tassilo. Pepin's activity in war was accompanied by a widely extended activity in the internal affairs of the Frankish kingdom, his main object being the reform of legislation and internal affairs, especially of ecclesiastical conditions. He continued the ecclesiastical reforms commenced by St. Boniface. In doing this Pepin demanded an unlimited authority over the Church. He himself wished to be the leader of the reforms. However, although St. Boniface changed nothing by his reformatory labours in the ecclesiastico-political relations that had developed in the Frankish kingdom upon the basis of the Germanic conception of the State, nevertheless he had placed the purified and united Frankish Church more definitely under the control of the papal see than had hitherto been the case. From the time of St. Boniface the Church was more generally acknowledged by the Franks to b e the mystical power appointed by God. When he deposed the last of the Merovingians Pepin was also obliged to acknowledge the increased authority of the Church by calling upon it for moral support. Consequently the ecclesiastical supremacy of the Frankish king over the Church of his country remained externally undiminished. Nevertheless by his life-work Pepin h ad powerfully aided the authority of the Church and with it the conception of ecclesiastical unity. He was buried at St. Denis where he died. He preserved the empire created by Clovis from the destruction that menaced it; he was able to overcome the great danger arising from social condition s that threatened the Frankish kingdom, by opposing to the unruly lay nobility the ecclesiastical aristocracy that had been strengthened by the general reform. When he died the means had been created by which his greater son could solve the problems of the empire. Pepin's policy marked out the tasks to which Charlemagne devoted himself: quieting the Saxons, the subjection of the duchies and lastly, the regulation of the ecclesiastical question and with it that of Italy.
Medieval Sourcebook: The Donation of Constantine (c.750-800)
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This is perhaps the most famous forgery in history. For centuries, until Lorenzo Valla proved it was forgery during the Renaissance it provided the basis for papal territorial and jurisdictional claims in Italy. Probably at least a first draft of it was made shortly after the middle of the eighth century in order to assist Pope Stephen II in his negotiations with the Frankish Mayor of the Palace, Pepin the Short. The Pope crossed t he Alps to anoint the latter as king in 754, thereby enabling, the Carolingian family, to which Pepin belonged, to supplant the old Merovingian royal line which had become decadent and powerless and to become in law a swell as in fact rulers of the Franks. In return, Pepin seems to have promised to give to the Pope those lands in Italy which the Lombards had taken from Byzantium. The promise was fulfilled in 756. Constantine's alleged gift made it possible to interpret Pepin's grant not as a benefaction but as a restoration.
In the name of the holy and indivisible Trinity, the Father, namely, and the Son and the Holy Spirit. The emperor Caesar Flavius Constantine in Christ Jesus, the Lord I God our Savior, one of that same holy Trinity ,-faithful merciful, supreme, beneficent, Alamannic, Gothic, Sarmatic, Germanic, Britannic, Hunic, pious, fortunate, victor and triumpher, always august: to the most holy and blessed father of fathers Sylvester, bishop of the city of and to all his successors the pontiffs , who are about to sit upon Rome and Pope, the chair of St. Peter until the end of time - also to all the most reverend and of God beloved catholic bishops, subjected by this our imperial decree throughout the whole world to this same holy, Roman church, who have been established now and in all previous times-grace, peace, charity, rejoicing, long-suffering, mercy, be with you all from God the Father almighty and from Jesus Christ his Son an d from the Holy Ghost. Our most gracious serenity desires, in clear discourse, through the page of this our imperial decree, to bring to the knowledge of all the people in the whole world what things our Savior and Redeemer the Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of the most High Father, has most wonderfully seen fit to bring about through his holy apostles Peter and Paul and by the intervention of our father Sylvester, the highest pontiff and the universal Pope. First, indeed, putting forth, with the inmost confession of our heart, for the purpose of instructing the mind of all of you, our creed which we have learned from the aforesaid most blessed father and our confessor, Sylvester the universal pontiff; and then at length announcing the mercy of God which has been poured upon us.
For we wish you to know, as we have signified through our former imperial decree, that we have gone away, from the worship of idols, from mute an d deaf images made by hand, from devilish contrivances and from all the pomps of Satan; and have arrived at the pure faith of the Christians, which is the true light and everlasting life. Believing, according to what he -that same one, our revered supreme father and teacher, the pontiff Sylvester - has taught us, in God the Father, the almighty maker of Heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible; and in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord God, through whom all things are created; and in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and vivifier of the whole creature. We confess these, the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, in such way that, in the perfect Trinity, there shall also be a fullness of divinity and a unity of power. The Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit is God; and these three are one in Jesus Christ.
There are therefore three forms but one power. For God, wise in all previous time, gave forth from himself the word through which all future ages were to be born; and when, by that sole word of His wisdom, He formed the whole creation from nothing, He was with it, arranging all things in His mysterious secret place.
Therefore, the virtues of the Heavens and all the material part of the earth having been perfected, by the wise nod of His wisdom first creating man of the clay of the earth in His own image and likeness, He placed hi m in a paradise of delight. Him the ancient serpent and envious enemy, the devil, through the most bitter taste of the forbidden tree, made an exile from these joys; and, be being expelled, did not cease in many ways to cast his poisonous darts; in order that, turning the human race from the way of truth to the worship of idols, he might persuade it, namely to worship the creature and not the creator; so that, through them (the idols ), he might cause those whom he might be able to entrap in his snares to be burned with him in eternal punishment. But our Lord, pitying His creature, sending ahead His holy prophets, announcing through them the light of the future life-the coming,' that is, of His Son our Lord and Savoir Jesus Christ- sent that same only begotten Son and Word of wisdom: He descending from Heaven on account of our salvation, being born of the Holy Spirit and of the Virgin Mary,-the word was made flesh and dwelt among us. He did not cease to be what He had been, but began to be what He had not been, perfect God and perfect man: as God, performing miracles; as man, sustaining human sufferings. We so learned Him to be very man and very God by the preaching of our father Sylvester, the supreme pontiff, that we can in no wise doubt that He was very, God and very man. And, having chosen twelve apostles, He shone with miracles before them and an innumerable multitude of people. We confess that this same Lord Jesus Christ fulfilled the law and the prophets; that He suffered, was crucified, o n the third day arose from the dead according to the Scriptures; was received into Heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the Father. Whence He shall come to judge the quick and the dead, whose kingdom shall have no end. For this is our orthodox creed, placed before us by our most blessed father Sylvester, the supreme pontiff. We exhort, therefore, all people, and all the different nations, to hold, cherish and preach this faith; and, in the name of the Holy Trinity, to obtain the grace of baptism; and, with devout heart, to adore the Lord Jesus Christ our Savior, who with the Father and the Holy Spirit, lives and reigns through infinite ages; whom Sylvester our father, the universal pontiff, preaches. For He him self, our Lord God, having pit on me a sinner, sent His holy apostles to visit us, and caused the light of his splendor to shine upon us. And do ye rejoice that I, having been withdrawn from the shadow, have come to the true light and to the knowledge of truth. For, at a time when a mighty and filthy leprosy had invaded all the flesh of my, body, and the care was administered of many physicians who came together, nor by that of any one of them did I achieve health: there came hither the priests of the Capitol, saving to me that a font should be made on the Capitol, and that I should fill this with the blood of innocent infants; and that, if I bathed in it while it was warm, I might be cleansed. And very many innocent infants having been brought together according to their words, when the sacrilegious priests of the pagans wished them to be slaughtered an d the font to be filled with their blood: Our Serenity perceiving the tears of the mothers, I straightway abhorred the deed. And, pitying them, I ordered their own sons to be restored to them; and, giving them vehicles and gifts, sent them off rejoicing to their own. That day having pass ed therefore-the silence of night having come upon us-when the time of sleep had arrived, the apostles St. Peter and Paul appear, saying to me: "Since thou hast placed a term to thy vices, and hast abhorred the pouring forth of innocent blood, we are sent by, Christ the Lord our God, to give to thee a plan for recovering thy health. Hear, therefore, our warning, and do what we indicate to thee. Sylvester - the bishop of the city o f Rome - on Mount Serapte, fleeing they persecutions, cherishes the darkness with his clergy in the caverns of the rocks. This one, when thou shalt have led him to thyself, will himself show thee a pool of piety; in which, when he shall have dipped thee for the third time, all that strength of the leprosy will desert thee. And, when this shall have been done, make this return to thy Savior, that by thy order through the whole world the churches may be restored. Purify thyself, moreover, in this way, that, leaving all the superstition of idols, thou do adore and cherish the living and true God -- who is alone and true -- and that thou attain to the doing of His will.
Rising, therefore, from sleep, straightway I did according to that which I bad been advised to do by, the holy apostles; and, having summoned that excellent and benignant father and our enlightener - Sylvester the universal Pope-I told him all the words that had been taught me by the hol y apostles; and asked him who where those gods Peter and Paul. But he sai d that they where not really called gods, but apostles of our Savior the Lord God Jesus Christ. And again we began to ask that same most blesse d Pope whether he had some express image of those apostles; so that, fro m their likeness, we might learn that they were those whom revelation ba d shown to us. Then that same venerable father ordered the images of thos e same apostles to be shown by his deacon. And, when I had looked at them , and recognized, represented in those images, the countenances of thos e whom I had seen in my dream: with a great noise, before all my satraps* , I confessed that they were those whom I had seen in my dream.
[* there were no such Roman officials]
Hereupon that same most blessed Sylvester our father, bishop of the cit y of Rome, imposed upon us a time of penance-within our Lateran palace, i n the chapel, in a hair garment,-so that I might obtain pardon from our L ord God Jesus Christ our Savior by vigils, fasts, and tears and prayers, for all things that had been impiously done and unjustly ordered by me. Then through the imposition of the hands of the clergy, I came to the bishop himself; and there, renouncing the pomps of Satan and his works, an d all idols made by hands, of my own will before all the people I confess ed: that I believed in God the Father almighty, maker of Heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible; and in Jesus Christ, His only Son our Lord, who was born of the Holy Spirit and of the Virgin Mary. And, the font having been blessed, the wave of salvation purified me there with a triple immersion. For there 1, being placed at the bottom of the font, saw with my own eyes a band from Heaven touching me; whence rising, clean, know that I was cleansed from all the squalor of leprosy. And, I being raised from the venerable font-putting on white raiment, be administered to me the sign of the seven-fold holy Spirit, the unction of the holy oil; and he traced the sign of the holy cross on my brow, saying: God seals thee with the seal of His faith in the name of the Father an d the Son and the Holy Spirit, to signalize thy faith. All the clergy replied: "Amen." The bishop added, "Peace be with thee."
And so, on the first day after receiving the mystery of the holy baptism, and after the cure of my body from the squalor of the leprosy, I recognized that there was no other God save the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit; whom the most blessed Sylvester the Pope doth preach; a trinity in one, a unity in three. For all the gods of the nations, whom I have worshipped up to this time, are proved to be demons; works made by the hand of men; inasmuch as that same venerable father told to us most clearly how much power in Heaven and on earth He, our Savior, conferred o n his apostle St. Peter, when finding him faithful after questioning hi m He said: "Thou art Peter, and upon this rock (petrani) shall I build My Church, and the gates of bell shall not prevail against it." Give heed ye powerful, and incline the ear of .your hearts to that which the good Lord and Master added to His disciple, saying: and I will give thee the keys of the kingdom of Heaven; and whatever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound also in Heaven, and whatever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed also in Heaven." This is very wonderful and glorious, to bin d and loose on earth and to have it bound and loosed in Heaven.
And when, the blessed Sylvester preaching them, I perceived these things , and learned that by the kindness of St. Peter himself I had been entirely restored to health: I together with all our satraps and the whole senate and the nobles and all the Roman people, who are subject to the glory of our rule -considered it advisable that, as on earth he (Peter) is se en to have been constituted vicar of the Son of God, so the pontiffs, who are the representatives of that same chief of the apostles, should obtain from us and our empire the power of a supremacy greater than the earthly clemency of our imperial serenity is seen to have had conceded to it,- we choosing that same prince of the apostles, or his vicars, to be our constant intercessors with God. And, to the extent of our earthly imperia l power, we decree that his holy Roman church shall be honoured with veneration; and that, more than our empire and earthly throne, the most sacred seat of St. Peter shall be gloriously exalted; we giving to it the imperial power, and dignity of glory, and vigor and honor.
And we ordain and decree that he shall have the supremacy as well over the four chief seats Antioch, Alexandria, Constantinople* and Jerusalem, as also over all the churches of God in the -whole world. And he who for the time being shall be pontiff of that holy Roman church shall be more exalted than, and chief over, all the priests of the whole world; and, according to his judgment, everything which is to be provided for the service of God or the stability of the faith of the Christians is to be administered. It is indeed just, that there the holy law should have the seat o f its rule where the founder of holy laws, our Savior, told St. Peter t o take the chair of the apostleship; where also, sustaining the cross, he blissfully took the cup of death and appeared as imitator of his Lord and Master; and that there the people should bend their necks at the confession of Christ's name, where their teacher, St. Paul the apostle, extending his neck for Christ, was crowned with martyrdom. There, until the end , let them seek a teacher, where the holy body of the teacher lies; and t here, prone and humiliated, let them perform I the service of the heavenly king, God our Savior Jesus Christ, where the proud were accustomed to serve under the rule of an earthly king.
[*at the time of the supposed date of the document, Constantinople had not been founded. Its position as "chief seat" was two centuries away.]
Meanwhile we wish all the people, of all the races and nations throughout the whole world, to know: that we have constructed within our Lateran palace, to the same Savior our Lord God Jesus Christ, a church with a baptistery from the foundations. And know that we have carried on our own shoulders from its foundations, twelve baskets weighted with earth, according to the number of the holy apostles. Which holy church we command to b e spoken of, cherished, venerated and preached of, as the head and summit of all the churches in the whole world-as we have commanded through our other imperial decrees. We have also constructed the churches of St. Peter and St. Paul, chiefs of the apostles, which we have enriched with gold and silver; where also, placing their most sacred bodies with great honour, we have constructed their caskets of electrum, against which no force of the elements prevails. And we have placed a cross of purest gold an d precious gems on each of their caskets, and fastened them with golden keys. And on these churches for the endowing of divine services we have conferred estates, and have enriched them with different objects; and, thro ugh our sacred imperial decrees, we have granted them our gift of land i n the East as well as in the West; and even on the northern and southern coast;-namely in Judea, Greece, Asia, Thrace, Africa and Italy and the various islands: under this condition indeed, that all shall be administered by the hand of our most blessed father the pontiff Sylvester and his successors.
For let all the people and the nations of the races in the whole world rejoice with us; we exhorting all of you to give unbounded thanks, together with us, to our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. For He is God in Heaven above and on earth below, who, visiting us through His holy apostles, made us worthy to receive the holy sacrament of baptism and health of body . In return for which, to those same holy apostles, my masters, St. Pete r and St. Paul; and, through them, also to St. Sylvester, our father,-the chief pontiff and universal Pope of the city of Rome,- and to all the pontiffs his successors, who until the end of the world shall be about t o sit in the seat of St. Peter: we concede and, by this present, do confer, our imperial Lateran palace, which is preferred to, and ranks above, all the palaces in the whole world; then a diadem, that is, the crown of our head, and at the same time the tiara; and, also, the shoulder band,-that is, the collar that usually surrounds our imperial neck; and also the purple mantle, and crimson tunic, and all the imperial raiment; and the same rank as those presiding over the imperial cavalry; conferring also the imperial sceptres, and, at the same time, the spears and standards ; also the banners and different imperial ornaments, and all the advantage of our high imperial position, and the glory of our power.
And we decree, as to those most reverend men, the clergy who serve, in different orders, that same holy Roman church, that they shall have the same advantage, distinction, power and excellence by the glory of which our most illustrious senate is adorned; that is, that they shall be made patricians and consuls,-we commanding that they shall also be decorated with the other imperial dignities. And even as the imperial soldiery, so, we decree, shall the clergy of the holy Roman church be adorned. And I even as the imperial power is adorned by different offices-by the distinction, that is, of chamberlains, and door keepers, and all the guards,-so w e wish the holy Roman church to be adorned. And, in order that the pontifical glory may shine forth more fully, we decree this also: that the clergy of this same holy Roman church may use saddle cloths of linen of the whitest colour; namely that their horses may be adorned and so be ridden, and that, as our senate uses shoes with goats' hair, so they may be distinguished by gleaming linen; in order that, as the celestial beings, s o the terrestrial may be adorned to the glory of God. Above all things, moreover, we give permission to that same most holy one our father Sylvester, bishop of the city of Rome and Pope, and to all the most blessed pontiffs who shall come after him and succeed him in all future times-for the honour and glory of Jesus Christ our Lord,-to receive into that great Catholic and apostolic church of God, even into the number of the monastic clergy, any one from our senate, who, in free choice, of his own accord , may wish to become- a cleric; no one at all presuming thereby to act i n a haughty manner.
We also decreed this, that this same venerable one our father Sylvester, the supreme pontiff, and all the pontiffs his successors, might use an d bear upon their heads-to the Praise of God and for the honour of St. Peter-the diadem; that is, the crown which we have granted him from our own head, of purest gold and precious gems. But he, the most holy Pope, did not at all allow that crown of gold to be used over the clerical crow in which he wears to the glory of St. Peter; but we placed upon his most holy head, with our own hands, a tiara of gleaming splendour representing the glorious resurrection of our Lord. And, holding the bridle of his horse, out of reverence for St. Peter we performed for him the duty of

wft5404
http://www.peterwestern.f9.co.uk/maximilia/pafg71.htm#935
Pepin III "The SHORT" King of Italy [Parents] was born 715. He died 24 Sep 768 in St Denis Aachen. Pepin married Bertrada II of LAON on 740.
They had the following children: MiCharlemagne Emperor was born 2 Apr 742 and died 28 Jan 814. MiiCarloman of the FRANKS King of Franks was born about 751 and died 771. FiiiRedburga. FivGisela of CHELLES. MvPippin died in Young.

[Eldad_Grannis.FTW]

[SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW]

[muncyeagle.FBC.FTW]

First "mayor of the palace" to become king of the Franks.
Pepin the Short (circa 714-68), mayor of the palace ofAustrasia and king of th e Franks (751-68), the son of the Frankish rulerCharles Martel, and the grandson of Pepin o f Herstal. He was mayor of thepalace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52) , the lastof the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thusbecame the firs t king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by PopeStephen II (III) in 754. When the po pe was threatened by the Lombards ofnorthern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754 -55). He cededto the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant,calle d the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States.Pepin enlarged his own king dom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, insouthwestern France. He was succeeded by his son s Carloman (751-71) andCharlemagne as joint kings. [1]
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[1] "Pepin the Short," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft
Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation

[SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW]

[muncyeagle.FBC.FTW]

First "mayor of the palace" to become king of the Franks.
Pepin the Short (circa 714-68), mayor of the palace ofAustrasia and king of th e Franks (751-68), the son of the Frankish rulerCharles Martel, and the grandson of Pepin o f Herstal. He was mayor of thepalace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52) , the lastof the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thusbecame the firs t king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by PopeStephen II (III) in 754. When the po pe was threatened by the Lombards ofnorthern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754 -55). He cededto the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant,calle d the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States.Pepin enlarged his own king dom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, insouthwestern France. He was succeeded by his son s Carloman (751-71) andCharlemagne as joint kings. [1]
=================================================================
[1] "Pepin the Short," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft
Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation

[SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW]

[muncyeagle.FBC.FTW]

First "mayor of the palace" to become king of the Franks.
Pepin the Short (circa 714-68), mayor of the palace ofAustrasia and king of th e Franks (751-68), the son of the Frankish rulerCharles Martel, and the grandson of Pepin o f Herstal. He was mayor of thepalace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52) , the lastof the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thusbecame the firs t king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by PopeStephen II (III) in 754. When the po pe was threatened by the Lombards ofnorthern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754 -55). He cededto the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant,calle d the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States.Pepin enlarged his own king dom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, insouthwestern France. He was succeeded by his son s Carloman (751-71) andCharlemagne as joint kings. [1]
=================================================================
[1] "Pepin the Short," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft
Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation[Eldad_Grannis.FTW]

[SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW]

Mayor of the Palace, 13 King of the Franks, annointed at Soissons byArchbishop Boniface.

Pepin the Short
Mayor of the Palace of the whole Frankish kingdom (both Austrasia andNeustria), and later Kin g of the Franks; born 714; died at St. Denis, 24September, 768. He was the son of Charles Mar tel. Pepin and his olderbrother Carloman were taught by the monks of St. Denis, and theimpres sions received during their monastic education had a controllinginfluence upon the relation s of both princes to the Church. When thefather died in 741 the two brothers began to reign j ointly but notwithout strong opposition, for Griffon, the son of Charles Martel and theBavari an Sonnichilde, demanded a share in the government. Moreover, theDuke of the Aquitanians an d the Duke of the Alamannians thought this afavourable opportunity to throw off the Frankis h supremacy. The youngkings were repeatedly involved in war, but all their opponents, includi ngthe Bavarians and Saxons, were defeated and the unity of the kingdomre-established. As earl y as 741 Carloman had entered upon hisepoch-making relations with St. Boniface, to whom was n ow opened a newfield of labour, the reformation of the Frankish Church. On 21 April,742, Boni face was present at a Frankish synod presided over by Carlomanat which important reforms wer e decreed. As in the Frankish realm theunity of the kingdom was essentially connected with th e person of theking, Carloman to secure this unity raised the Merovingian Childeric tothe thr one (743). In 747 he resolved to enter a monastery. The danger,which up to this time had thre atened the unity of the kingdom from thedivision of power between the two brothers, was remov ed, and at the sametime the way was prepared for the deposing of the last Merovingian andfo r the crowning of Pepin. The latter put down the renewed revolt led byhis step-brother Griffo n, and succeeded in completely restoring theboundaries of the kingdom. Pepin now addressed t o the Pope the suggestivequestion: In regard to the kings o the Franks who no longer posses s theroyal power, is this state of things proper? Hard pressed by theLombards, Pope Zacharia s welcomed this advance of the Franks which aimedat ending an intolerable condition of things , and at laying theconstitutional foundations for the exercise of the royal power. The popere plied that such a state of things was not proper. After this decisionthe place Pepin desire d to occupy was declared vacant. The crown wasgiven him not by the pope but by the Franks. Ac cording to the ancientcustom Pepin was then elected king and soon after this was anointed byB oniface. This consecration of the new kingdom by the head of the Churchwas intended to remov e any doubt as to its legitimacy. On the contrary,the consciousness of having saved the Chris tian world from the Saracensproduced, among the Franks, the feeling that their kingdom owed i tsauthority directly to God. Still this external cooperation of the pope inthe transfer of th e kingdom to the Carolingians would necessarily enhancethe importance of the Church. The rela tions between the two controllingpowers of Christendom now rapidly developed. It was soon evi dent to whatextent the alliance between Church and State was to check the decline ofecclesias tical and civil life; it made possible the conversion of thestill heathen German tribes, an d when that was accomplished provided anopportunity for both Church and State to recruit stre ngth and to grow.

Ecclesiastical, political, and economic developments had made the popeslords of the ducatus R omanus. They laid before Pepin their claims to thecentral provinces of Italy, which had belon ged to them before Liutprand'sconquest. When Stephen II had a conference with King Pepin at P onthion inJanuary, 754, the pope implored his assistance against his oppressor theLombard Kin g Aistulf, and begged for the same protection for theprerogatives of St. Peter which the Byza ntine exarchs had extended tothem, to which the king agreed, and in the charter establishin g theStates of the Church, soon after given at Quiercy, he promised to restorethese prerogati ves. The Frankish king received the title of the formerrepresentative of the Byzantine Empir e in Italy, i.e. "Patricius", andwas also assigned the duty of protecting the privileges of t he Holy See.

When Stephen II performed the ceremony of anointing Pepin and his son atSt. Denis, it was St . Peter who was regarded as the mystical giver of thesecular power, but the emphasis thus lai d upon the religious character ofpolitical law left vague the legal relations between pope an d king. Afterthe acknowledgment of his territorial claims the pope was in reality aruling sov ereign, but he had placed himself under the protection of theFrankish ruler and had sworn tha t he and his people would be true to theking. Thus his sovereignty was limited from the ver y start as regardswhat was external to his domain. The connection between Rome and theFrankis h kingdom involved Pepin during the years 754-56 in war with theLombard King Aistulf, who wa s forced to return to the Church theterritory he had illegally held. Pepin's commanding posit ion in the worldof his time was permanently secured when he took Septimania from theArabs. An other particularly important act was his renewed overthrow ofthe rebellion in Aquitaine whic h was once more made a part of thekingdom. He was not so fortunate in his campaigns against t he Saxons andBavarians. He could do no more than repeatedly attempt to protect theboundarie s of the kingdom against the incessantly restless Saxons.Bavaria remained an entirely indepen dent State and advanced incivilization under Duke Tassilo. Pepin's activity in war was accomp aniedby a widely extended activity in the internal affairs of the Frankishkingdom, his main o bject being the reform of legislation and internalaffairs, especially of ecclesiastical condi tions. He continued theecclesiastical reforms commenced by St. Boniface. In doing this Pepind emanded an unlimited authority over the Church. He himself wished to bethe leader of the refo rms. However, although St. Boniface changed nothingby his reformatory labours in the ecclesia stico-political relations thathad developed in the Frankish kingdom upon the basis of the Ger manicconception of the State, nevertheless he had placed the purified andunited Frankish Chur ch more definitely under the control of the papal seethan had hitherto been the case. From th e time of St. Boniface the Churchwas more generally acknowledged by the Franks to be the myst ical powerappointed by God. When he deposed the last of the Merovingians Pepin wasalso oblige d to acknowledge the increased authority of the Church bycalling upon it for moral support. C onsequently the ecclesiasticalsupremacy of the Frankish king over the Church of his country r emainedexternally undiminished. Nevertheless by his life-work Pepin hadpowerfully aided the a uthority of the Church and with it the conceptionof ecclesiastical unity. He was buried at St . Denis where he died. Hepreserved the empire created by Clovis from the destruction that men acedit; he was able to overcome the great danger arising from socialconditions that threatene d the Frankish kingdom, by opposing to theunruly lay nobility the ecclesiastical aristocrac y that had beenstrengthened by the general reform. When he died the means had beencreated b y which his greater son could solve the problems of the empire.Pepin's policy marked out th e tasks to which Charlemagne devoted himself:quieting the Saxons, the subjection of the duchi es and lastly, theregulation of the ecclesiastical question and with it that of Italy.

FRANZ KAMPERS
Transcribed by Michael C. Tinkler

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XI
Copyright © 1911 by Robert Appleton Company
Online Edition Copyright © 1999 by Kevin Knight
Nihil Obstat, February 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor
Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York

Pippin the Younger
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Pippin III)

Pippin the Younger[1] (or Pepin; French, Pépin le Bref; German, Pippin der Kleine, Pippin der Kurze, or Pippin der Jüngere) (714 – September 24, 768), often known under the mistranslation Pippin the Short or the ordinal Pippin III, was the king of the Franks from 751 to 768.
He was born in 714 in Jupille, close to the city of Liège, in what is today Belgium, where the Carolingian dynasty originated. That territory was then a part of the kingdom of Austrasia. His father was Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and his mother was Chrotrud (690-724).

Assumption of power
On the death of Pippin's father, Charles Martel, in 741, power was passed down to Charles' legitimate sons, Pippin and Carloman as mayors of the palaces of Neustria and Austrasia respectively. Power may also have been intended for Charles' illegitimate son, Grifo, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers. Carloman, who by all evidence was a deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747. This left Francia in the hands of Pippin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pippin of Heristal. Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel the dux et princeps Francorum were the commanders of the armies of the Kingdom, in addition to their administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Martel had begun maintaining year-around since Toulouse in 721. Upon their assumption, Pippin and Carloman, who had not proved themselves in battle in defense of the realm as their father had, installed the Merovingian Childeric III as king, even though Martel had left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV. Childeric had the title of king, but he was a puppet. As time passed, and his brother bowed out of the picture, Pippin became discontent with the presence of any royal power but himself. At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pippin's sister. Odilo was forced by Pippin to acknowledge Frankish overlordship, but died soon after (January 18, 748). Pippin invaded Bavaria and installed Tassilo III as duke under Frankish overlordship.
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First Carolingian king
Since Pippin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of the king, he decided it was time to do what his father had never bothered to do: make the Carolingian name royal in law as well as fact. Pippin asked Pope Zacharias who should be the royal ruler: the person with the title of King, or the person who makes the decisions as King. Since the Pope depended on the Frankish armies for his independence, and had depended on them for protection from the Lombards since the days of Charles Martel, and Pippin, as his father had, controlled those armies, the Pope's answer was determined well in advance. The Pope agreed that the de facto power was more important than the de jure power. Thus, Pippin, having obtained the support of the papacy, discouraged opposition to his house. He was elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish leading-men (it must be noted he had a large portion of his army on hand, in the event that the nobility inclined not to honor the Papal Bull) and anointed at Soissons, perhaps by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean de Maurienne in 753.
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Expansion of the Frankish realm
He added to that power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint Pippin in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pippin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pippin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman.
Pippin's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had a policy of expansion into the ducatus Romanum, as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church and confirmed the papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin whereby the Papal States was founded. In 759, he drove the Saracens out of Gaul with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by integrating Aquitaine into the kingdom. In taking Narbonne, and formally annexing Aquitaine (whose status was always dependant on the strength of her suzerains), he completed the work of his father save for one last task: fully subduing the Saxons. He was preparing for war against them when his health began to fail, and thus, this final task was left for his son, the great Charlemagne.
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Legacy
Pippin died at Saint Denis in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada. Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its full army in wartime. He not only maintained his father's policy of containing the Moors, he drove them over and across the Pyrenees with the capture of Narbonne. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe. His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people. It can certainly be argued that Pippin's assumption of the crown, and the title of Patrician of Rome, were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation which is usually seen as the founding of the Holy Roman Empire. He certainly made the Carolingians de jure what his father had made them de facto—the ruling dynasty of the Franks and the foremost power of Europe. While not known as a great general, he was undefeated during his lifetime.
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Family
In 740, Pippin married Bertrada of Laon, his second cousin. (Her father, Charibert, was the son of Pippin II's brother, Martin of Laon.) Of their children, two sons and a daughter survived to adulthood.[2]
• Charles (April 2, 742 – January 28, 814), the great Charlemagne
• Carloman (751 – December 4, 771)
• Gisela (757 – 810)

See also
• Franks (main history of Frankish kingdoms)
• List of Frankish Kings
• Carolingians
[edit]

References
1. ^ Pippin's name can be very confusing. Historically, historians have vacillated between preference for Pepin, derived from the French Pépin, and the German Pippin. His nickname is often misunderstood. He is most commonly called the Short, though this is a mistranslation. He was not short. His nickname the Younger refers to the fact that he was the younger of the two Arnulfing Pippins who ruled as mayors of the palace.
2. ^ Some sources give Redburga as a sister of Charlemagne, though others make her his sister-in-law.

[Eldad_Grannis.FTW]

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[muncyeagle.FBC.FTW]

First "mayor of the palace" to become king of the Franks.
Pepin the Short (circa 714-68), mayor of the palace ofAustrasia and king of th e Franks (751-68), the son of the Frankish rulerCharles Martel, and the grandson of Pepin o f Herstal. He was mayor of thepalace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52) , the lastof the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thusbecame the firs t king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by PopeStephen II (III) in 754. When the po pe was threatened by the Lombards ofnorthern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754 -55). He cededto the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant,calle d the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States.Pepin enlarged his own king dom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, insouthwestern France. He was succeeded by his son s Carloman (751-71) andCharlemagne as joint kings. [1]
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[1] "Pepin the Short," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft
Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation

[SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW]

[muncyeagle.FBC.FTW]

First "mayor of the palace" to become king of the Franks.
Pepin the Short (circa 714-68), mayor of the palace ofAustrasia and king of th e Franks (751-68), the son of the Frankish rulerCharles Martel, and the grandson of Pepin o f Herstal. He was mayor of thepalace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52) , the lastof the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thusbecame the firs t king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by PopeStephen II (III) in 754. When the po pe was threatened by the Lombards ofnorthern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754 -55). He cededto the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant,calle d the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States.Pepin enlarged his own king dom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, insouthwestern France. He was succeeded by his son s Carloman (751-71) andCharlemagne as joint kings. [1]
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[1] "Pepin the Short," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft
Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation

[SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW]

[muncyeagle.FBC.FTW]

First "mayor of the palace" to become king of the Franks.
Pepin the Short (circa 714-68), mayor of the palace ofAustrasia and king of th e Franks (751-68), the son of the Frankish rulerCharles Martel, and the grandson of Pepin o f Herstal. He was mayor of thepalace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52) , the lastof the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thusbecame the firs t king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by PopeStephen II (III) in 754. When the po pe was threatened by the Lombards ofnorthern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754 -55). He cededto the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant,calle d the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States.Pepin enlarged his own king dom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, insouthwestern France. He was succeeded by his son s Carloman (751-71) andCharlemagne as joint kings. [1]
=================================================================
[1] "Pepin the Short," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft
Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation[Eldad_Grannis.FTW]

[SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW]

Mayor of the Palace, 13 King of the Franks, annointed at Soissons byArchbishop Boniface.

Pepin the Short
Mayor of the Palace of the whole Frankish kingdom (both Austrasia andNeustria), and later Kin g of the Franks; born 714; died at St. Denis, 24September, 768. He was the son of Charles Mar tel. Pepin and his olderbrother Carloman were taught by the monks of St. Denis, and theimpres sions received during their monastic education had a controllinginfluence upon the relation s of both princes to the Church. When thefather died in 741 the two brothers began to reign j ointly but notwithout strong opposition, for Griffon, the son of Charles Martel and theBavari an Sonnichilde, demanded a share in the government. Moreover, theDuke of the Aquitanians an d the Duke of the Alamannians thought this afavourable opportunity to throw off the Frankis h supremacy. The youngkings were repeatedly involved in war, but all their opponents, includi ngthe Bavarians and Saxons, were defeated and the unity of the kingdomre-established. As earl y as 741 Carloman had entered upon hisepoch-making relations with St. Boniface, to whom was n ow opened a newfield of labour, the reformation of the Frankish Church. On 21 April,742, Boni face was present at a Frankish synod presided over by Carlomanat which important reforms wer e decreed. As in the Frankish realm theunity of the kingdom was essentially connected with th e person of theking, Carloman to secure this unity raised the Merovingian Childeric tothe thr one (743). In 747 he resolved to enter a monastery. The danger,which up to this time had thre atened the unity of the kingdom from thedivision of power between the two brothers, was remov ed, and at the sametime the way was prepared for the deposing of the last Merovingian andfo r the crowning of Pepin. The latter put down the renewed revolt led byhis step-brother Griffo n, and succeeded in completely restoring theboundaries of the kingdom. Pepin now addressed t o the Pope the suggestivequestion: In regard to the kings o the Franks who no longer posses s theroyal power, is this state of things proper? Hard pressed by theLombards, Pope Zacharia s welcomed this advance of the Franks which aimedat ending an intolerable condition of things , and at laying theconstitutional foundations for the exercise of the royal power. The popere plied that such a state of things was not proper. After this decisionthe place Pepin desire d to occupy was declared vacant. The crown wasgiven him not by the pope but by the Franks. Ac cording to the ancientcustom Pepin was then elected king and soon after this was anointed byB oniface. This consecration of the new kingdom by the head of the Churchwas intended to remov e any doubt as to its legitimacy. On the contrary,the consciousness of having saved the Chris tian world from the Saracensproduced, among the Franks, the feeling that their kingdom owed i tsauthority directly to God. Still this external cooperation of the pope inthe transfer of th e kingdom to the Carolingians would necessarily enhancethe importance of the Church. The rela tions between the two controllingpowers of Christendom now rapidly developed. It was soon evi dent to whatextent the alliance between Church and State was to check the decline ofecclesias tical and civil life; it made possible the conversion of thestill heathen German tribes, an d when that was accomplished provided anopportunity for both Church and State to recruit stre ngth and to grow.

Ecclesiastical, political, and economic developments had made the popeslords of the ducatus R omanus. They laid before Pepin their claims to thecentral provinces of Italy, which had belon ged to them before Liutprand'sconquest. When Stephen II had a conference with King Pepin at P onthion inJanuary, 754, the pope implored his assistance against his oppressor theLombard Kin g Aistulf, and begged for the same protection for theprerogatives of St. Peter which the Byza ntine exarchs had extended tothem, to which the king agreed, and in the charter establishin g theStates of the Church, soon after given at Quiercy, he promised to restorethese prerogati ves. The Frankish king received the title of the formerrepresentative of the Byzantine Empir e in Italy, i.e. "Patricius", andwas also assigned the duty of protecting the privileges of t he Holy See.

When Stephen II performed the ceremony of anointing Pepin and his son atSt. Denis, it was St . Peter who was regarded as the mystical giver of thesecular power, but the emphasis thus lai d upon the religious character ofpolitical law left vague the legal relations between pope an d king. Afterthe acknowledgment of his territorial claims the pope was in reality aruling sov ereign, but he had placed himself under the protection of theFrankish ruler and had sworn tha t he and his people would be true to theking. Thus his sovereignty was limited from the ver y start as regardswhat was external to his domain. The connection between Rome and theFrankis h kingdom involved Pepin during the years 754-56 in war with theLombard King Aistulf, who wa s forced to return to the Church theterritory he had illegally held. Pepin's commanding posit ion in the worldof his time was permanently secured when he took Septimania from theArabs. An other particularly important act was his renewed overthrow ofthe rebellion in Aquitaine whic h was once more made a part of thekingdom. He was not so fortunate in his campaigns against t he Saxons andBavarians. He could do no more than repeatedly attempt to protect theboundarie s of the kingdom against the incessantly restless Saxons.Bavaria remained an entirely indepen dent State and advanced incivilization under Duke Tassilo. Pepin's activity in war was accomp aniedby a widely extended activity in the internal affairs of the Frankishkingdom, his main o bject being the reform of legislation and internalaffairs, especially of ecclesiastical condi tions. He continued theecclesiastical reforms commenced by St. Boniface. In doing this Pepind emanded an unlimited authority over the Church. He himself wished to bethe leader of the refo rms. However, although St. Boniface changed nothingby his reformatory labours in the ecclesia stico-political relations thathad developed in the Frankish kingdom upon the basis of the Ger manicconception of the State, nevertheless he had placed the purified andunited Frankish Chur ch more definitely under the control of the papal seethan had hitherto been the case. From th e time of St. Boniface the Churchwas more generally acknowledged by the Franks to be the myst ical powerappointed by God. When he deposed the last of the Merovingians Pepin wasalso oblige d to acknowledge the increased authority of the Church bycalling upon it for moral support. C onsequently the ecclesiasticalsupremacy of the Frankish king over the Church of his country r emainedexternally undiminished. Nevertheless by his life-work Pepin hadpowerfully aided the a uthority of the Church and with it the conceptionof ecclesiastical unity. He was buried at St . Denis where he died. Hepreserved the empire created by Clovis from the destruction that men acedit; he was able to overcome the great danger arising from socialconditions that threatene d the Frankish kingdom, by opposing to theunruly lay nobility the ecclesiastical aristocrac y that had beenstrengthened by the general reform. When he died the means had beencreated b y which his greater son could solve the problems of the empire.Pepin's policy marked out th e tasks to which Charlemagne devoted himself:quieting the Saxons, the subjection of the duchi es and lastly, theregulation of the ecclesiastical question and with it that of Italy.

FRANZ KAMPERS
Transcribed by Michael C. Tinkler

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XI
Copyright © 1911 by Robert Appleton Company
Online Edition Copyright © 1999 by Kevin Knight
Nihil Obstat, February 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor
Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York

Carolingian, sometimes called Carlovingian, second dynasty of Frankish kings who ruled parts of Western Europe from the 7th to the 10th centuries. The family was descended from Pepin the Elder of Landen, a powerful landowner who served Clotaire II, the Merovingian king of the Franks, as mayor of the palace of Austrasia from around 584 to 629. Pepin's grandson, Pepin of Herstal, eventually succeeded to the mayor's position, and by AD 687 he had become the effective ruler of the entire Frankish kingdom, although the Merovingians nominally wielded the royal power. Pepin of Herstal was in turn succeeded by his illegitimate son, Charles Martel, and by two grandsons, Carloman and Pepin the Short. Carloman later abdicated, and in 751 Pepin the Short was crowned as the first Carolingian king of the Franks. This date is generally regarded as the beginning of the Carolingian dynasty. It is historically significant that Pepin was the first Frankish king whose coronation was sanctified by the Roman Catholic church.
Pepin the Short was succeeded by his two sons, Carloman and Charlemagne, who at first ruled the kingdom jointly. After 771 Charlemagne was sole ruler and vastly increased the kingdom. At its greatest extent, it included what is now France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Low Countries, and northern Italy. On December 25, 800, Charlemagne was crowned the first emperor of the revived Western Roman Empire. As emperor, Charlemagne established his court as a center of learning, thus beginning the Carolingian Renaissance (see Romanesque Art and Architecture). Charlemagne achieved fame in many parts of the world for his promotion of education and the arts. When he died, his son Louis I inherited the kingdom. Upon his death, the kingdom was divided among his three surviving sons, who fought each other for the title of emperor. In 843 the kingdom was formally divided by the Treaty of Verdun. Thereafter the power of the dynasty further declined. The German line, which also ruled the Holy Roman Empire, became extinct in 911 and was replaced by the Saxons; the French line held power until 987, when it was succeeded by the Capetians.

"Carolingian," Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. 1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. Funk & Wagnalls Corporation

[2778] COLVER31.TXT file

BJOHNSN.GED file: 'Pepin the Short Mayor of the Pal'

AUREJAC.GED, de 741 751 Maire du Palais

WSHNGT.ASC file (Geo Wash Ah'tafel) # 1116842008 = 58859792, King of the Franks, b 714 Austrasia

"Our Royal Descent from Alfred 'the Great' ..." in Steve Clare papers, p 43, "le Bref"

"Bloodlines...", p 226, Pepin III, Mayor of the Palace of Neustria, d 768

[Clodius II - Charlemagne.FTW]

[E ANSBERT.FTW]

Pepin the Short, pronounced PEHP ihn (714?-768), also calle d Pepin III, was the first king of the Frankish Carolingia n dynasty. The Franks were Germanic peoples who graduall y gained control of much of present-day France and German y and other parts of Western Europe during the early Middl e Ages.
Also Mayor of Merovingian Palace. He was King of France 75 1-768

In 742, Pepin and his brother Carloman jointly inherited fr om their father, Charles Martel, the title of Mayor of th e Palace. Since the late 600's, mayors had held greater pow er than the Merovingian kings, who ruled the Franks in nam e only. As mayors, Pepin and Carloman extended Frankish ru le to parts of Saxony and Bavaria. After Carloman becam e a monk in 747, Pepin ruled alone as mayor. In 751, wit h Pope Zachary's help, Pepin deposed the last Merovingian k ing, Childeric III, and became king of the Franks.

As king, Pepin aided the pope against the Lombards, a Germa nic people who had conquered much of Italy. Pepin seized s ome of the Lombard lands in Italy and gave them to Pope Ste phen II in 756. This so-called Donation of Pepin is ofte n seen as forming the core of the Papal States, a territor y controlled by the pope until the 1800's. Pepin also adde d Aquitaine to his kingdom. His son Charlemagne became on e of the most powerful rulers in European history.

Contributor: Bernard S. Bachrach, Ph.D., Prof. of Medieva l History, Univ. of Minnesota.

6061424171008. Pepin III1, born 714 in Austrasia, France1 ; died September 24, 768 in St Denis Monastery, Neustria, F ranconia(now Seine St Denis, France).1. He was the son of 1 2122848342016. MAYOR OF THE PALACE Charles Martel and 12122 848342017. DUCHESS OF AUSTRASIA Rotrude. He married 6061424 171009. PRINCESS OF LEON Bertha Abt. 7401.

6061424171009. PRINCESS OF LEON Bertha She was the daughte r of 12122848342018. COUNT Caribert and 12122848342019. COU NTESS Bertrada.

Notes for Pepin III:
[2.ftw]

Pepin the Short
Mayor of the Palace of the whole Frankish kingdom (both Aus trasia and Neustria), and later King of the Franks; born 71 4; died at St. Denis, 24 September, 768. He was the son o f Charles Martel .Pepin and his older brother Carloman wer e taught by the monks of St. Denis, and the impressions rec eived during their monastic education had a controlling inf luence upon the relations of both princes to the Church. Wh en the father died in 741 the two brothers began to reign j ointly but not without strong opposition, for Griffon, th e son of Charles Martel and the Bavarian Sonnichilde, deman ded a share in the government. Moreover, the Duke of the Aq uitanians and the Duke of the Alamannians thought this a fa vourable opportunity to throw off the Frankish supremacy. T he young kings were repeatedly involved in war, but all the ir opponents, including the Bavarians and Saxons, were defe ated and the unity of the kingdom re-established. As earl y as 741 Carloman had entered upon his epoch-making relatio ns with St. Boniface, to whom was now opened a new field o f labour, the reformation of the Frankish Church. On 21 Apr il, 742, Boniface was present at a Frankish synod preside d over by Carloman at which important reforms were decreed . As in the Frankish realm the unity of the kingdom was ess entially connected with the person of the king, Carloman t o secure this unity raised the Merovingian Childeric to th e throne (743). In 747 he resolved to enter a monastery. Th e danger, which up to this time had threatened the unity o f the kingdom from the division of power between the two br others, was removed, and at the same time the way was prepa red for the deposing of the last Merovingian and for the cr owning of Pepin. The latter put down the renewed revolt le d by his step-brother Griffon, and succeeded in completel y restoring the boundaries of the kingdom. Pepin now addres sed to the Pope the suggestive question: In regard to the k ings o the Franks who no longer possess the royal power, i s this state of things proper? Hard pressed by the Lombards , Pope Zacharias welcomed this advance of the Franks whic h aimed at ending an intolerable condition of things, and a t laying the constitutional foundations for the exercise o f the royal power. The pope replied that such a state of th ings was not proper. After this decision the place Pepin de sired to occupy was declared vacant. The crown was given hi m not by the pope but by the Franks. According to the ancie nt custom Pepin was then elected king and soon after this w as anointed by Boniface. This consecration of the new kingd om by the head of the Church was intended to remove any dou bt as to its legitimacy. On the contrary, the consciousnes s of having saved the Christian world from the Saracens pro duced, among the Franks, the feeling that their kingdom owe d its authority directly to God. Still this external cooper ation of the pope in the transfer of the kingdom to the Car olingians would necessarily enhance the importance of the C hurch. The relations between the two controlling powers o f Christendom now rapidly developed. It was soon evident t o what extent the alliance between Church and State was t o check the decline of ecclesiastical and civil life; it ma de possible the conversion of the still heathen German trib es, and when that was accomplished provided an opportunit y for both Church and State to recruit strength and to grow.
Ecclesiastical, political, and economic developments had ma de the popes lords of the ducatus Romanus. They laid befor e Pepin their claims to the central provinces of Italy, whi ch had belonged to them before Liutprand's conquest. When S tephen II had a conference with King Pepin at Ponthion in J anuary, 754, the pope implored his assistance against his o ppressor the Lombard King Aistulf, and begged for the sam e protection for the prerogatives of St. Peter which the By zantine exarchs had extended to them, to which the king agr eed, and in the charter establishing the States of the Chur ch, soon after given at Quiercy, he promised to restore the se prerogatives. The Frankish king received the title of th e former representative of the Byzantine Empire in Italy, i .e. "Patricius", and was also assigned the duty of protecti ng the privileges of the Holy See.
When Stephen II performed the ceremony of anointing Pepin a nd his son at St. Denis, it was St. Peter who was regarde d as the mystical giver of the secular power, but the empha sis thus laid upon the religious character of political la w left vague the legal relations between pope and king. Aft er the acknowledgment of his territorial claims the pope wa s in reality a ruling sovereign, but he had placed himsel f under the protection of the Frankish ruler and had swor n that he and his people would be true to the king. Thus hi s sovereignty was limited from the very start as regards wh at was external to his domain. The connection between Rom e and the Frankish kingdom involved Pepin during the year s 754-56 in war with the Lombard King Aistulf, who was forc ed to return to the Church the territory he had illegally h eld. Pepin's commanding position in the world of his time w as permanently secured when he took Septimania from the Ara bs. Another particularly important act was his renewed over throw of the rebellion in Aquitaine which was once more mad e a part of the kingdom. He was not so fortunate in his cam paigns against the Saxons and Bavarians. He could do no mor e than repeatedly attempt to protect the boundaries of th e kingdom against the incessantly restless Saxons. Bavari a remained an entirely independent State and advanced in ci vilization under Duke Tassilo. Pepin's activity in war wa s accompanied by a widely extended activity in the interna l affairs of the Frankish kingdom, his main object being th e reform of legislation and internal affairs, especially o f ecclesiastical conditions. He continued the ecclesiastica l reforms commenced by St. Boniface. In doing this Pepin de manded an unlimited authority over the Church. He himself w ished to be the leader of the reforms. However, although St . Boniface changed nothing by his reformatory labours in th e ecclesiastico-political relations that had developed in t he Frankish kingdom upon the basis of the Germanic concepti on of the State, nevertheless he had placed the purified an d united Frankish Church more definitely under the contro l of the papal see than had hitherto been the case. From th e time of St. Boniface the Church was more generally acknow ledged by the Franks to be the mystical power appointed b y God. When he deposed the last of the Merovingians Pepin w as also obliged to acknowledge the increased authority of t he Church by calling upon it for moral support. Consequentl y the ecclesiastical supremacy of the Frankish king over th e Church of his country remained externally undiminished. N evertheless by his life-work Pepin had powerfully aided th e authority of the Church and with it the conception of ecc lesiastical unity. He was buried at St. Denis where he died . He preserved the empire created by Clovis from the destru ction that menaced it; he was able to overcome the great da nger arising from social conditions that threatened the Fra nkish kingdom, by opposing to the unruly lay nobility the e cclesiastical aristocracy that had been strengthened by th e general reform. When he died the means had been created b y which his greater son could solve the problems of the emp ire. Pepin's policy marked out the tasks to which Charlemag ne devoted himself: quieting the Saxons, the subjection o f the duchies and lastly, the regulation of the ecclesiasti cal question and with it that of Italy.
FRANZ KAMPERS
Transcribed by Michael C. Tinkler
From the Catholic Encyclopedia, copyright c 1913 by the Enc yclopedia Press, Inc. Electronic version copyright c 1996 b y New Advent, Inc.[F PaepinThe Short KING OF FRANCE.FTW]

Pepin the Short, pronounced PEHP ihn (714?-768), also calle d Pepin III, was the first king of the Frankish Carolingia n dynasty. The Franks were Germanic peoples who graduall y gained control of much of present-day France and German y and other parts of Western Europe during the early Middl e Ages.
Also Mayor of Merovingian Palace. He was King of France 75 1-768

In 742, Pepin and his brother Carloman jointly inherited fr om their father, Charles Martel, the title of Mayor of th e Palace. Since the late 600's, mayors had held greater pow er than the Merovingian kings, who ruled the Franks in nam e only. As mayors, Pepin and Carloman extended Frankish ru le to parts of Saxony and Bavaria. After Carloman becam e a monk in 747, Pepin ruled alone as mayor. In 751, wit h Pope Zachary's help, Pepin deposed the last Merovingian k ing, Childeric III, and became king of the Franks.

As king, Pepin aided the pope against the Lombards, a Germa nic people who had conquered much of Italy. Pepin seized s ome of the Lombard lands in Italy and gave them to Pope Ste phen II in 756. This so-called Donation of Pepin is ofte n seen as forming the core of the Papal States, a territor y controlled by the pope until the 1800's. Pepin also adde d Aquitaine to his kingdom. His son Charlemagne became on e of the most powerful rulers in European history.

Contributor: Bernard S. Bachrach, Ph.D., Prof. of Medieva l History, Univ. of Minnesota.

6061424171008. Pepin III1, born 714 in Austrasia, France1 ; died September 24, 768 in St Denis Monastery, Neustria, F ranconia(now Seine St Denis, France).1. He was the son of 1 2122848342016. MAYOR OF THE PALACE Charles Martel and 12122 848342017. DUCHESS OF AUSTRASIA Rotrude. He married 6061424 171009. PRINCESS OF LEON Bertha Abt. 7401.

6061424171009. PRINCESS OF LEON Bertha She was the daughte r of 12122848342018. COUNT Caribert and 12122848342019. COU NTESS Bertrada.

Notes for Pepin III:
[2.ftw]

Pepin the Short
Mayor of the Palace of the whole Frankish kingdom (both Aus trasia and Neustria), and later King of the Franks; born 71 4; died at St. Denis, 24 September, 768. He was the son o f Charles Martel .Pepin and his older brother Carloman wer e taught by the monks of St. Denis, and the impressions rec eived during their monastic education had a controlling inf luence upon the relations of both princes to the Church. Wh en the father died in 741 the two brothers began to reign j ointly but not without strong opposition, for Griffon, th e son of Charles Martel and the Bavarian Sonnichilde, deman ded a share in the government. Moreover, the Duke of the Aq uitanians and the Duke of the Alamannians thought this a fa vourable opportunity to throw off the Frankish supremacy. T he young kings were repeatedly involved in war, but all the ir opponents, including the Bavarians and Saxons, were defe ated and the unity of the kingdom re-established. As earl y as 741 Carloman had entered upon his epoch-making relatio ns with St. Boniface, to whom was now opened a new field o f labour, the reformation of the Frankish Church. On 21 Apr il, 742, Boniface was present at a Frankish synod preside d over by Carloman at which important reforms were decreed . As in the Frankish realm the unity of the kingdom was ess entially connected with the person of the king, Carloman t o secure this unity raised the Merovingian Childeric to th e throne (743). In 747 he resolved to enter a monastery. Th e danger, which up to this time had threatened the unity o f the kingdom from the division of power between the two br others, was removed, and at the same time the way was prepa red for the deposing of the last Merovingian and for the cr owning of Pepin. The latter put down the renewed revolt le d by his step-brother Griffon, and succeeded in completel y restoring the boundaries of the kingdom. Pepin now addres sed to the Pope the suggestive question: In regard to the k ings o the Franks who no longer possess the royal power, i s this state of things proper? Hard pressed by the Lombards , Pope Zacharias welcomed this advance of the Franks whic h aimed at ending an intolerable condition of things, and a t laying the constitutional foundations for the exercise o f the royal power. The pope replied that such a state of th ings was not proper. After this decision the place Pepin de sired to occupy was declared vacant. The crown was given hi m not by the pope but by the Franks. According to the ancie nt custom Pepin was then elected king and soon after this w as anointed by Boniface. This consecration of the new kingd om by the head of the Church was intended to remove any dou bt as to its legitimacy. On the contrary, the consciousnes s of having saved the Christian world from the Saracens pro duced, among the Franks, the feeling that their kingdom owe d its authority directly to God. Still this external cooper ation of the pope in the transfer of the kingdom to the Car olingians would necessarily enhance the importance of the C hurch. The relations between the two controlling powers o f Christendom now rapidly developed. It was soon evident t o what extent the alliance between Church and State was t o check the decline of ecclesiastical and civil life; it ma de possible the conversion of the still heathen German trib es, and when that was accomplished provided an opportunit y for both Church and State to recruit strength and to grow.
Ecclesiastical, political, and economic developments had ma de the popes lords of the ducatus Romanus. They laid befor e Pepin their claims to the central provinces of Italy, whi ch had belonged to them before Liutprand's conquest. When S tephen II had a conference with King Pepin at Ponthion in J anuary, 754, the pope implored his assistance against his o ppressor the Lombard King Aistulf, and begged for the sam e protection for the prerogatives of St. Peter which the By zantine exarchs had extended to them, to which the king agr eed, and in the charter establishing the States of the Chur ch, soon after given at Quiercy, he promised to restore the se prerogatives. The Frankish king received the title of th e former representative of the Byzantine Empire in Italy, i .e. "Patricius", and was also assigned the duty of protecti ng the privileges of the Holy See.
When Stephen II performed the ceremony of anointing Pepin a nd his son at St. Denis, it was St. Peter who was regarde d as the mystical giver of the secular power, but the empha sis thus laid upon the religious character of political la w left vague the legal relations between pope and king. Aft er the acknowledgment of his territorial claims the pope wa s in reality a ruling sovereign, but he had placed himsel f under the protection of the Frankish ruler and had swor n that he and his people would be true to the king. Thus hi s sovereignty was limited from the very start as regards wh at was external to his domain. The connection between Rom e and the Frankish kingdom involved Pepin during the year s 754-56 in war with the Lombard King Aistulf, who was forc ed to return to the Church the territory he had illegally h eld. Pepin's commanding position in the world of his time w as permanently secured when he took Septimania from the Ara bs. Another particularly important act was his renewed over throw of the rebellion in Aquitaine which was once more mad e a part of the kingdom. He was not so fortunate in his cam paigns against the Saxons and Bavarians. He could do no mor e than repeatedly attempt to protect the boundaries of th e kingdom against the incessantly restless Saxons. Bavari a remained an entirely independent State and advanced in ci vilization under Duke Tassilo. Pepin's activity in war wa s accompanied by a widely extended activity in the interna l affairs of the Frankish kingdom, his main object being th e reform of legislation and internal affairs, especially o f ecclesiastical conditions. He continued the ecclesiastica l reforms commenced by St. Boniface. In doing this Pepin de manded an unlimited authority over the Church. He himself w ished to be the leader of the reforms. However, although St . Boniface changed nothing by his reformatory labours in th e ecclesiastico-political relations that had developed in t he Frankish kingdom upon the basis of the Germanic concepti on of the State, nevertheless he had placed the purified an d united Frankish Church more definitely under the contro l of the papal see than had hitherto been the case. From th e time of St. Boniface the Church was more generally acknow ledged by the Franks to be the mystical power appointed b y God. When he deposed the last of the Merovingians Pepin w as also obliged to acknowledge the increased authority of t he Church by calling upon it for moral support. Consequentl y the ecclesiastical supremacy of the Frankish king over th e Church of his country remained externally undiminished. N evertheless by his life-work Pepin had powerfully aided th e authority of the Church and with it the conception of ecc lesiastical unity. He was buried at St. Denis where he died . He preserved the empire created by Clovis from the destru ction that menaced it; he was able to overcome the great da nger arising from social conditions that threatened the Fra nkish kingdom, by opposing to the unruly lay nobility the e cclesiastical aristocracy that had been strengthened by th e general reform. When he died the means had been created b y which his greater son could solve the problems of the emp ire. Pepin's policy marked out the tasks to which Charlemag ne devoted himself: quieting the Saxons, the subjection o f the duchies and lastly, the regulation of the ecclesiasti cal question and with it that of Italy.
FRANZ KAMPERS
Transcribed by Michael C. Tinkler
From the Catholic Encyclopedia, copyright c 1913 by the Enc yclopedia Press, Inc. Electronic version copyright c 1996 b y New Advent, Inc.

[Geoffrey De Normandie, Gedcom BSJTK Smith Family Tree.ged]

REFN: R20
Alias: Pepin Le Bred Roi des Francs
Pepin rulers of the FRANK S. Pepin of Landan (Pepin I), d. 639?,
mayor of the palace of the Frankish kin gdom of Austrasia, forced
the succession (629) of Dagobert I as king and estab lished the
foundation for the CAROLINGIAN dynasty. His grandson, Pepin of
Her istal (Pepin II), d. 714, mayor of the palace (680-714) of
Austrasia and Neust ria, established Carolingian power over the
MEROVINGIAN kings by making himsel f the actual ruler of the
Franks. He was the father of CHARLES MARTEL and the grandfather
of Pepin the Short (Pepin III), c.714-768, the first Carolingian
king of the Franks (751-68). He overthrew the Merovingian
dynasty and had hims elf crowned king with the support of Pope
Zacharias. Pepin defended papal inte rests and in 754 turned over
to the pope what became the foundation of the PAP AL STATES. He
was the father of CHARLEMAGNE.
@(XXXXX@XXXX.XXX) Pepin "The Short",
SURN Franks
AFN 9GCB-5M
EVEN Merovengia
TYPE Ruled
DATE BET 741 AND 751
EVEN As King of the Franks
TYPE Coronation
DATE 751
PLAC Soissons,France
EVEN Carolingian Dynasty
TYPE Founder
DATE 751
PLAC Kingdom of France
EVEN Mayor of the Palace
TYPE Heir to
DATE BET 741 AND 757
PLAC Frankish Kingdom
EVEN of the papal states to Pope Stephen II
TYPE Donation
DATE 756
PLAC Rome
DATE 9 SEP 2000
TIME 18:15:33

OCCU King of the Franks ...
SOUR Encyclopedia, p. 652 says 71 4;al7fl.abts.net/green-page/greenged.html says 714
-715, Jupille, France; Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 129
says 715;COLLINS.ROY (Compuserve);
SOUR Encyclopedia, p. 652 (says 768);
COMYNR.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 3 says 24-sep- 769;
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 129
SOUR Anglo-Saxon England, Sir Frank Stenton;
COLLINS.ROY (Compuserve);
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 129, 158
c.714-768, the first Carolingian king of the Franks (751-68). He overthrew
the Merovingian dynasty and had himself crowned king with the support of Pope
Zacharias. Pepin defended papal interests and in 754 turned over to the pope
what became the foundation of the Papal States. - Encyclopedia, p.652; Pippin,
Pepin de Neustria - COMYNR.TAF(Compuserve), p. 3;Pepin III "le Bref" Duc de
Neustria-COMYNI.GED (Compuserve), #1451
PEPIN III, son of CHARLES MARTEL and ROTRUDE DE TREVES, was Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, King of the Franks - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 129
He was the Mayor of the Palace, deposed the last of the Merovingian Kings and became the first King of the Franks of the second race, 751-768. He was also known as "Le Bref"; King of Neustrie and
Frank's King (741-768) He may have died on 24 Sep 768.
Source: Pedigrees of ... Descendants of Charlemagne, p cvi; Charlemagne's Ancestors; Charlemagne's 40 Generation Ahnentafel Chart by Tom Peterson, 24 Oct
1992; Royal.zip (Compuserve); Ahnentafel of Edward III, King of England - http://al7fl.abts.net/green-page/greenged.html/notes.html#NI34012

OCCU King of the Franks ...
SOUR Encyclopedia, p. 652 says 71 4;al7fl.abts.net/green-page/greenged.html says 714
-715, Jupille, France; Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 129
says 715;COLLINS.ROY (Compuserve);
SOUR Encyclopedia, p. 652 (says 768);
COMYNR.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 3 says 24-sep- 769;
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 129
SOUR Anglo-Saxon England, Sir Frank Stenton;
COLLINS.ROY (Compuserve);
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 129, 158
c.714-768, the first Carolingian king of the Franks (751-68). He overthrew
the Merovingian dynasty and had himself crowned king with the support of Pope
Zacharias. Pepin defended papal interests and in 754 turned over to the pope
what became the foundation of the Papal States. - Encyclopedia, p.652; Pippin,
Pepin de Neustria - COMYNR.TAF(Compuserve), p. 3;Pepin III "le Bref" Duc de
Neustria-COMYNI.GED (Compuserve), #1451
PEPIN III, son of CHARLES MARTEL and ROTRUDE DE TREVES, was Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, King of the Franks - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 129
He was the Mayor of the Palace, deposed the last of the Merovingian Kings and became the first King of the Franks of the second race, 751-768. He was also known as "Le Bref"; King of Neustrie and
Frank's King (741-768) He may have died on 24 Sep 768.
Source: Pedigrees of ... Descendants of Charlemagne, p cvi; Charlemagne's Ancestors; Charlemagne's 40 Generation Ahnentafel Chart by Tom Peterson, 24 Oct
1992; Royal.zip (Compuserve); Ahnentafel of Edward III, King of England - http://al7fl.abts.net/green-page/greenged.html/notes.html#NI34012

OCCU King of the Franks ...
SOUR Encyclopedia, p. 652 says 71 4;al7fl.abts.net/green-page/greenged.html says 714
-715, Jupille, France; Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 129
says 715;COLLINS.ROY (Compuserve);
SOUR Encyclopedia, p. 652 (says 768);
COMYNR.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 3 says 24-sep- 769;
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 129
SOUR Anglo-Saxon England, Sir Frank Stenton;
COLLINS.ROY (Compuserve);
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 129, 158
c.714-768, the first Carolingian king of the Franks (751-68). He overthrew
the Merovingian dynasty and had himself crowned king with the support of Pope
Zacharias. Pepin defended papal interests and in 754 turned over to the pope
what became the foundation of the Papal States. - Encyclopedia, p.652; Pippin,
Pepin de Neustria - COMYNR.TAF(Compuserve), p. 3;Pepin III "le Bref" Duc de
Neustria-COMYNI.GED (Compuserve), #1451
PEPIN III, son of CHARLES MARTEL and ROTRUDE DE TREVES, was Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, King of the Franks - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 129
He was the Mayor of the Palace, deposed the last of the Merovingian Kings and became the first King of the Franks of the second race, 751-768. He was also known as "Le Bref"; King of Neustrie and
Frank's King (741-768) He may have died on 24 Sep 768.
Source: Pedigrees of ... Descendants of Charlemagne, p cvi; Charlemagne's Ancestors; Charlemagne's 40 Generation Ahnentafel Chart by Tom Peterson, 24 Oct
1992; Royal.zip (Compuserve); Ahnentafel of Edward III, King of England - http://al7fl.abts.net/green-page/greenged.html/notes.html#NI34012

Pepin the Short (circa 714-68), mayor of the palace of Austrasiaand king of the Franks (751-68), the son of the Frankish rulerCharles Martel, and the grandson of Pepin of Herstal. He wasmayor of the
palace during the reign of Childeric III (reignedabout 743-52), the last of the Merovingian dynasty. In 751,Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the first king of theCarolingian dynasty. He was
crowned by Pope Stephen II (III) in754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northernItaly, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754-55). He cededto the pope territory that included
Ravenna and other cities.This grant, called the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundationfor the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom bycapturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in southwestern
France. Hewas succeeded by his sons Carloman (751-71) and Charlemagne asjoint kings. He was also mayor of the palace of Austrasia. Hewas mayor of the palace during the reign of Childeric
III(reigned about 743-52), the last of the Merovingian dynasty. In751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the first king ofthe Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II (III)in
754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northernItaly, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754-55). He cededto the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities.This grant,
called the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundationfor the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom bycapturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in southwestern France. Hewas succeeded by his sons
Carloman and Charlemagne as jointkings. Merged General Note: He was also mayor of the palace ofAustrasia. He was mayor of the palace during the reign ofChilderic III (reigned about 743-52), the
last of theMerovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thusbecame the first king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crownedby Pope Stephen II (III) in 754. When the pope was threatened
bythe Lombards of northern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeatedthem (754-55). He ceded to the pope territory that includedRavenna and other cities. This grant, called the Donation ofPepin, laid
the foundation for the Papal States. Pepin enlargedhis own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, insouthwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman andCharlemagne as joint
kings.--Other FieldsRef Number: +
DATE 30 DEC 1995

GIVN Pepin III King_of
SURN Franks
NSFX [The Short]
!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2Succeeded his
father in Neustria, the western part of the kingdom, while hisbrother,
Carloman, held the eastern part. They both kept the time of mayor ofthe
palace, and were the actual rulers of the country. They appointedChilderic
III, probably a Merovingian, as king, but presided over tribunals, convoked
councils of the church, and made war themselves. Carloman abdicatedand retire
to a monastery in 747. Pepin was thus sole master of both Austrasiaand
Neustria, and after consulting Pope Zacharias took the title of king.He was
crowned by St. Boniface in 751 and later was recrowned by Pope StephenII, who
also made him a Patrician of Rome. In return for these favors Pepinmade two
expeditions against the Lombards. He took the exarchate of Ravennafrom them
and conferred it on the Pope. This marked the beginning of the PapalStates.
After an eight year war he occupied Aquitaine.
!Md. 1) Leuthergis, a concubine.
Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Michael L. Call, Chart 602
Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by RobertF.
Pfafman, p E-30.

GIVN Pepin III "The Short" King of the
SURN FRANKS
DATE 15 Dec 2000
HIST: @N549@

GIVN Pepin "The Short",
SURN Franks
AFN 9GCB-5M
EVEN Merovengia
TYPE Ruled
DATE BET 741 AND 751
EVEN As King of the Franks
TYPE Coronation
DATE 751
PLAC Soissons,France
EVEN Carolingian Dynasty
TYPE Founder
DATE 751
PLAC Kingdom of France
EVEN Mayor of the Palace
TYPE Heir to
DATE BET 741 AND 757
PLAC Frankish Kingdom
EVEN of the papal states to Pope Stephen II
TYPE Donation
DATE 756
PLAC Rome
DATE 9 SEP 2000
TIME 18:15:33

SURN Franks
GIVN Peppin
_UID 97E6866CB2B57948A6507416E2633F05A0D5
!Ruled from 751 - 768, also known as the Short
Son of Charles Martel, Elected king of the Franks, 751
The Wordsworth Handbook of Kings and Queens, pg 77
DATE 19 Jan 2001
TIME 16:03:20Pepin "The Short", King Of The FRANKS

NSFX of the 2d race
TYPE Book
AUTH Å or c:Weis, Frederick Lewis
PERI Ancestral Roots
EDTN 7th
PUBL Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD (1999)
TEXT 50-12
TYPE Book
AUTH Stuart, Roderick W.
PERI Royalty for Commoners
EDTN 3d
PUBL Genealogical Publishing co., Inc, Baltimore, MD (1998)
ISB 0-8063-1561-X
TEXT 171-42
DATE 30 MAY 2000

GIVN Pbepin "The Short" King Of
SURN FRANCE
AFN 9GCB-5M
REPO @REPO1097@
TITL Ancestral File (R)
AUTH The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
PUBL Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998
ABBR Ancestral File (R)
_MASTER Y
REPO @REPO1097@
TITL Ancestral File (R)
AUTH The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
PUBL Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998
ABBR Ancestral File (R)
_MASTER Y
REPO @REPO1097@
TITL Ancestral File (R)
AUTH The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
PUBL Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998
ABBR Ancestral File (R)
_MASTER Y
REPO @REPO1097@
TITL Ancestral File (R)
AUTH The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
PUBL Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998
ABBR Ancestral File (R)
_MASTER Y
DATE 12 SEP 2000
TIME 01:00:00

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Spouses:
1.X Leuthergis, - born: ABT 715 @
2. Bertrada, II - born: 720 @
Notes:
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ALIA King Of The /Franks/, The Short; Charles
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Release date: November 29, 1995
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EVEN
TYPE Execution
DATE 782
PLAC Saxon nobility delivered approx. 4,500 rebelious Saxons to be executed.
EVEN
TYPE King
DATE BET. 751 - 758
PLAC Anointed ist king of the Franks by Boniface, the Papal Leagate at Soissons.
EVEN
TYPE Kingdom
DATE 741
PLAC Received the west part of Pepins kingdom inc. Neustria, Burgundy and Provence.
EVEN
TYPE Partitioned kdm.
DATE 768
PLAC Pepin dived his kingdom between his two sons, Charles and Carloman.
EVEN
TYPE Resettlement
DATE 804
PLAC After revults over clerical tithe, Saxons were sent to Frank terl and Franks settled in saxon areas.
EVEN
TYPE Title (Facts Pg)
DATE BET. 752 - 757
PLAC Pope Stephens II gave Pepin and sons the title "Patricius Romanorum", protector of Romans

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Pepin, "The Short," King of the Franks, founded the Carolingian Dynasty. Like his father, grandfather, and great-grandfather, Pepin served as mayor of the palace in the Merovingian Kingdom in France
and Germany. In each case, the mayor was the power behind the throne. In 751, an assembly of the Franks deposed Childeric, the last of the weak Merovingian kings, and proclaimed Pepin king. Pope
Stephen II, who ruled Rome, asked Pepin for help against the Lombard king. Pepin sent his army to save Rome. The Lombards had captured Ravenna. Pepin recaptured the city and much of the nearby
territory, known as the "Donation of Pepin," helped build the political power of the pope. Pepin added Aquitaine to his own kingdom, and began many important religious and educational reforms.
(Source: "Royalty for Commoners." Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p.129.

OCCU 1st King of the Franks

Would you like a CD with all of the current information on my family. If so, send me an email and I will give you my address where you can send $10.00 to cover my expense of sending you a CD with all of the information here and pictures.

If you have information relating to our tree, then please email me at (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX) I will be very interested in what you have and adding it to my tree.

I have had several request to remove some individuals, unfortunatly, I have lost those request due to a computer crash. If you will please send my those request again, I will remove them on my next update. For now please accept my appologies.

Thanks,

John Crunk

Upon the death of his father, Charles Martel in Quierzy-sur-Oise on 22 October 741, Pepin III received Neustria, Burgundy and the Provence. The next year, Pepin "Le Bref", whose surname was derived in the 9th. century because of his size, joined his older brother, Carloman in military operations in Aquitaine. They ravaged the region of Bourges and set fire to the Castle of Loches. By Autumn, they had pushed beyond the Rhine, defeated Duke Odilon of Bavaria and forcing the Allemanians to submit. In the year 743, they re-establish a Merovingian King by taking Childeric III from an abbey, purportedly one of the sons of Childeric II. In 744, Hunaud, son of Eudes, Duke of Aquitaine, undertakes his campaign in Allemania, crosses the Loire and destroys Chartres, burning its cathedral. The next year, he was forced by Carloman and Pepin III to retire at the Monastery of the Ile de Re. Hunaud's son Waifre succeeds him. Pepin decides to free Grifon, his half-brother, and to thank him, Grifon joins a rebellion against Pepin, refusing Pepin's offer of a dozen Neustrian countships. In 749, Pepin III forces the Allemanians in rebellion to submit as well as the Bavarians. Grifon escapes but dies that year on his way to seek the help Waifre, Duke of Aquitaine, near Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne. The Merovingian dynasty comes to an end in November of 751 when Pepin III receives the Holy Oil from Boniface, Bishop of Soissons, thus becoming King. His wife becomes Queen of the Francs the same day. Childeric III and his son Thierry both are shaven and they are sent to the Monastery of Saint-Berton, near Arras.
McKitterick, Rosamund. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751-987. London: Longman, 1983. This is the first modern work to examine the whole two-century history of the Carolingian dynasty in context, from Pepin III, Mayor of the Palace, to Emperor Louis V, who died without issue and was succeeded by Hugh Capet. The style is rather densely academic footnotes run a half-dozen or more to the page but don't let that prevent you from sifting out all the extremely well documented genealogical data on the Merovingians, Arnulfings, Robertians, and Ottonians, and the houses of Vermandois, Aquitaine, and Poitou, among others. The many maps and lineage tables are also excellent reference sources.

[mylogsdon.FTW]

[db021301.FTW]

[strayhorn.GED]

[rw1015.FTW]

He received control of Burgandy, Neustria and Provence from his father.

First King of all of the Franks

Pepin established parliments in France in 757

He and his brother, Carloman, established the first attempt at Church reform, requiring that Clerics could no longer bare arms and that they must follow the Rules of St. Benedict, and were robes to identify themselves. They attempted to return the secularized sees and to restore the metropolitain system of Archbishops. This was slow due to demands on the royal treasury fighting wars the neighboring countries.

After the abdication of his brother, Carloman, in 747, he became Mayor of both Palaces. After he delt with Drogo, the son of Carloman, and his demands for a share of the family patrimony, he set free his half-brother Grifo. This would result in him once again being involved to the north and east. Grifo fled to Bavaria via the Saxons. The Bavarian, feeling a need for independance after the death of Odilo, descided to use Grifo as a means to aquire it. Pippin dispatched the Saxons with much vigour and force the Bavarians to return Grifo. He then installed Odilo's son, Tassilo,III, as Duke of Bavaria and appointed Tassilo's mother, Chiltrude, as Regent. As Chiltrude was his sister, he was able to contain and maintain control over the region. As for Grifo, he was once again pardoned and sent to spy on the Bretons in the Maine regions.

Now he was ready for his big move. A coup d'etat. He secured the support of the pope and removed the Merovingian Monarch, and had himself elected king. This time the Merovingians would not return. This officially begain the regin of the Royal Carolingian family which would rule for over the next two centuries.

http://masseyfamgenealogy.tripod.com/a40.htm#i7442

549755814400. Pepin (Pippin) III "The Short", King Of The Franks King Of Franks Duke Of Austrasia , son of Charles "Martel" Of The Franks Martel [Mayor Of The Palace] and Chrotrudis (Rotrou/Rotrude) De Alemania Dss Of Austrasia [Duchesaustrasia, was born in 714 in Austrasia died on 24 Sep 768 in St. Denis, Paris, Seine, France, at age 54, and was buried in Basilica Of St. Denis, Paris, Seine, France.

General Notes: Pepin was Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia during the reign of Childeric III (743-752; the last of the Merovingian dynasty), and king of the Franks. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the first King of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II (III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754-755). He ceded to the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant, called the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in southwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman and Charlemagne as joint kings. (Internet)

He succeeded his father in Neustria, the western part of the kingdom, while his brother, Carloman, held the eastern part. They both kept the time of mayor of the palace, and were the actual rulers of the country. They appointed Childeric III, probably a Merovingian, as king, but presided over tribunals, convoked councils of the church, and made war themselves. Carloman abdicated and retired to a monastery in 747. Pepin was thus sole master of both Austrasia and Neustria, and after consulting Pope Zacharias took the title of king. He was crowned by St. Boniface in 751 and later was recrowned by Pope Stephen II, who also made him a Patrician of Rome. In return for these favors Pepin made two expeditions against the Lombards. He took the exarchate of Ravenna from them and conferred it on the Pope. This marked the beginning of the Papal States. After an eight year war he occupied Aquitaine.
Pepin 'The Short', King Of The Franks founded the Carolingian dynasty. Like his father, grandfather, and great-great-grandfather, Pepin served as mayor of the palace in the Merovingian kingdom in France and Germany. In each case, the mayor was the power behind the throne. In 751, an assembly of the Franks deposed Childeric, the last of the weak Merovingian kings, and proclaimed Pepin king. Pope Stephen II, who ruled Rome, asked Pepin for help against the Lombard king, Pepin sent his army to save Rome. The Lombards had captured Ravenna. Pepin recaptured the city and much of the nearby territory, known as 'the Donation of Pepin,' helped build the political power of the pope. Pepin added Aquitaine to his own kingdom, and began many important religious and educational reforms. His son Charlemagne, carried on these reforms.

Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, P245 'Royalty for Commoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 129.
'Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists ...', Frederick Lewis Weis, 1993, p cvi.

Pepin the Short (circa 714-68), mayor of the palace of Austrasia and king of the Franks (751-68), the son of the Frankish ruler Charles Martel, and the grandson of Pepin of Herstal. He was mayor of the palace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52), the last of the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the first king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II (III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754-55). He ceded to the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant, called the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in southwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman (751-71) and Charlemagne as joint kings. He was also mayor of the palace of Austrasia. He was mayor of the palace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52), the last of the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the first king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II (III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754-55). He ceded to the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant, called the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in southwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman and Charlemagne as joint kings. Merged General Note: He was also mayor of the palace of Austrasia. He was mayor of the palace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52), the last of the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the first king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II (III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754-55). He ceded to the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant, called the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in southwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman and Charlemagne as joint kings.

-
Originally the Mayor of the Palace for King Childeric III. IN 751 an
assembly of nobles in Soissons elected him king of the Franks. In 754 Pope
Stephan II crowned Pepin, King of France at the abbey of St. Denis,
outside of Paris. He supported the Church and rescued the papacy from the
Lombard Kings giving the Pope central Italy in the Donation of Pepin in
756.

27. Pepin (Pippin) II., the Short, King of France from 752 to 768, born in
714, died in 768. He had much to do; the Saxons, Bavarians, and Arabs were
all menacing or revolting, and he had to rush from one part of the kingdom
to the other, defending its frontiers, and getting no help from the
"stupid sluggard king," at Paris. At last, impatient of the farce, he sent
this question to the Pope: "Who is king, he who governs or he who wears
the crown?" "He who governs, of course," answered the Pope. "That is
myself," said the little man with a great will; "so the sluggards shall go
to sleep forever," and he sent the last of them, Childeric III., the last
of the Merovingians, into a monastery. Then the nobles put their shields
together, and the little man was seated on a chair, on their shields, and
with him thus, "shouting and raising their shields as high as they could,
they marched three times, round the parliament, and then, by St. Boniface,
he was anointed Archbishop of Metz, A.D. 752. Pepin did not forget that he
owed a debt of gratitude to the Pope for the answer he had given to his
question, and when, shortly after, the Pope sent to complain of the
trouble occasioned by the Lombards, Pepin crossed the Alps, punished the
Lombards, took from them all the territory about Rome and gave it to the
Pope "to belong to him and to the bishops of Rome forever. That was the
beginning of the Papal sovereignty. The States of the Church, as they were
called, remained under the sovereignty of the Popes until 1871." Pepin le
Bref, King of France, died in 768. He married Bertha (Bertrada) of Laon.
She died in 783. They had two sons as follows:

Noted events in his life were:

1. Fact 1: Mayor Of The Palace. Founded The Carolingian Dynasty.

2. Fact 2: 751-768, Chosen King Of The Franks Over The Last Feeble Merovingian Monarch, Childeric.

3. Fact 3: Boniface, With Papal Blessings, Anointed Him King Of The Franks.

4. Fact 4: This Alliance W/ Pope Conferred Leadership Of Westrn Christiandom On Dynasty.

5. Fact 5: Served As Mayor Of The Palace In The Merovingian Kingdom In France & Germany.

6. Fact 6: Pope Stephen II Asked Him For Help Against The Lombards.

7. Fact 7: Pepin Sent His Army To Save Rome.

8. Fact 8: Lombards Had Captured Ravenna. Pepin Recaptured The City.

9. Fact 9: He Gave Ravenna & Much Of Its Adjacent Territory To The Pope.

10. Fact 10: Known As 'The Donation Of Pepin, ' It Helped Build The Political Power Of Pope.

11. Fact 11: Pepin Added Aquitaine To His Own Kingdom.

12. Fact 12: Began Many Important Religious And Educational Reforms.

13. Fact 13: His Son Charlemagne Carried On These Reforms.

Pepin married Bertrada (Bertha) II "Broadfoot" , Countess De Laon [Queen Of Franks about 740.

Children from this marriage were:

274877907200 i. Charlemagne "The Great", Emperor Of The Holy Roman Empire King Of Franks King Of France (born on 2 Apr 742-747 Ingelheim, Rheinhessen, Hesse-Darmstadt - died on 28 Jan 814 in Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia)
ii. Rothaide Of The Franks (born in 744 Of Aachen - died in Austrasia, France)
iii. Gisela Of Chelles Abbes ()
iv. Adelaide, Princess Of The Franks Of The Franks [Nun] (born about 746 Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia - died in Young)
v. Gertrude Of The Franks (born in 748 Of Aachen - died)
vi. Carloman King Of Burgundy (born in 751 Of Aachen - died on 4 Dec 771 in Samoucy, Aisne, France)
vii. Gilles Of The Franks (born in 755 Of Aachen - died)
viii. Pippin Of The Franks (born in 756 Of Aachen - died in 761)
ix. Gisele , Princess Of The Franks Abbess Of Chelles [Abbess Of Chelles] (born in 757 Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia - died in 811)
x. Ada, Princess Of The Franks Of The Franks (born in 759 Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia - died)

Pepin next married Leuthergis Leuthergis (Concubine), not Married. Leuthergis was born in 715 in Austrasia, France.

Noted events in her life were:

1. Fact 1: A Concubine.

http://masseyfamgenealogy.tripod.com/a40.htm#i7442

!Name is; Pepin "The Short", King of The /FRANKS/

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Pepin III (714 - September 24, 768) more often known as Pepin theShort (French, Pépin le Bref; German, Pippin der Kleine), was a Kingof the Franks (751 - 768).

He was born in 714 in Jupille, in what is today part of Belgium, butthen a part of the kingdom of Austrasia. His father was CharlesMartel, Mayor of the Austrasian Palace, and his mother was Chrotrud(690-724).

In 740 Pepin married Bertrada of Laon. Of their children, two sons andone daughter survived to adulthood.

Charles / Charlemagne (April 2, 747 - January 28, 814)
Carloman (751 - December 4, 771)
Redburga
On the death of Pepin's father, Charles Martel, in 741, power waspassed down to Charles' legimitate sons, Pepin and Carloman. Power mayalso have been intended for Charles' illegitimate son, Grifo, but hewas imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers. Carloman, whoby all evidence was a deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747.This left France in the hands of Pepin as mayor for the MerovingianKing Childeric III. Childeric had the title of King but Pepin hadcontrol over orders and actually had the power of the king. Pepin thenwent to ask the Pope who should be complete ruler; the person with thetitle of king, or the person who makes the decisions of king. The Popeagreed that the decision making was more important than the title. Hesucceeded in obtaining the support of the papacy, which helped todiscourage opposition. He was elected King of the Franks by anassembly of the Frankish leading-men and anointed at Soissons, perhapsby Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz.

During his reign, Pepin III's conquests gave him more power thananyone since the days of King Clovis. He added to that power afterPope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint King Pepin ina lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him theadditional title of Patrician of the Romans. As life expectancies wereshort in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope alsoanointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) andCarloman.

Pepin's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard kingAistulf as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for thecrown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return propertyseized from the church. In 759, he drove the Saracens out of Francewith the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power furtherby making Aquitaine a part of his kingdom.

Pepin III died at Saint Denis in 768 and is interred there in theSaint Denis Basilica with his wife Bertrada.

Le 27 juillet 754, dans la basilique de Saint-Denis, au nord de Paris, le pape Étienne II sacre Pépin le Bref, lui confère les titres de roi des Francs et de Patrice des Romains («Patricius Romanorum»).

Pépin III est issu d'une puissante famille franque d'Austrasie (l'Est de la France). Il est le fils cadet de Charles Martel et son successeur.

Comme son illustre père, il a d'abord été le maire du palais (ou «majordome») des derniers rois mérovingiens.

Las de ces rois fainéants, lointains descendants de Clovis, les principaux seigneurs de Francie occidentale (la France du nord) offrent la couronne à Pépin. Ils le proclament roi des Francs au champ de mai de Soissons en 751.

Les évêques du royaume confirment aussitôt son élection par un sacre.

Le pape sacre à son tour Pépin Ie Bref, donnant davantage de lustre à son ascension. Ce faisant, il le remercie pour les engagements qu'a pris le chef franc à son égard.

Le 14 avril de la même année, à Quierzy-sur-Oise, au nord de Paris, Pépin III le Bref a promis au pape de le protéger des Lombards, barbares mal dégrossis qui occupent la péninsule italienne.

Il lui a aussi promis d'offrir au Saint-Siège un domaine assez grand pour le mettre à l'abri de toute agression.

Ce sera chose faite en 756 après une expédition militaire de Pépin contre le roi des Lombards, Athaulf. Les territoires qui lui seront enlevés formeront le noyau des futurs États pontificaux.

La papauté se détourne de Byzance

En échange de ces services, le pape confirme donc la royauté de Pépin le Bref sur les Francs.

Par cet acte, le pape prend ses distances d'avec l'empereur qui règne à Byzance.

Le Saint-Siège catholique s'en remet désormais de sa sécurité aux souverains francs. C'est le début d'une longue collaboration, souvent orageuse, avec les Carolingiens et leurs lointains héritiers du Saint Empire romain germanique.

A la fin du XIXe siècle, les militants anticléricaux dénonceront dans cette collaboration «l'alliance du sabre et du goupillon».

Le rite du sacre

Par le sacre, le futur roi des Francs (ou de France) reçoit sur le front l'huile sainte qu'aurait reçue Clovis lors de son baptême à Reims par l'évêque Rémi.

La Sainte Ampoule qui contient l'huile aurait été transmise à Rémi par un ange et son contenu se régénèrerait miraculeusement à chaque onction. Mais il ne s'agit là que d'une légende arrangée du temps des Capétiens par le moine Hincmar. En fait, le sacre était ignoré de Clovis et de ses descendants, les Mérovingiens.

Ces derniers prolongeaient en Gaule les traditions romaines et l'usage du latin. Ils étaient trop frottés de culture romane pour s'attacher à un rituel comme le sacre.

Les Carolingiens qui succèdent aux Mérovingiens sont, eux, issus de familles franques d'Austrasie (l'Est de la France actuelle) restées très proches des pratiques barbares. C'est pourquoi ils sont conduits à inventer le sacre.

Le sacre puise ses origines dans un rite germanique qui fait du roi l'intercesseur entre le monde divin et le monde humain.

L'onction de l'huile sainte correspond à une christianisation de ce rite païen.

Pépin III le Bref est le premier souverain occidental à être ainsi sacré en confirmation de son accession à la royauté.

Les rois capétiens, après Hugues Capet cultiveront plus tard une confusion entre le sacre germanique et le baptême que reçut Clovis à Reims, avec le souci d'enraciner leur légitimité au plus profond de l'Histoire.

Au fil des générations, le peuple et les nobles s'habitueront à voir dans le sacre un rite qui place le roi au-dessus de ses sujets. On prêtera aussi au roi la faculté de «guérir les écrouelles» pour mieux démontrer sa place à part dans l'humanité.

Les écrouelles, ou scrofules, sont une tuberculose ganglionaire qui se fistulise à la peau. Elles peuvent guérir spontanément jusqu'à la calcification du ganglion. Ainsi, après qu'un roi avait touché un malade, une guérison spontanée pouvait être interprétée comme étant liée au geste royal et son absence, comme le résultat de la volonté divine.

En pleine guerre de Cent Ans, quand deux rois se disputeront la couronne de France, c'est le sacre de Reims qui les départagera. Il rendra à Charles VII sa légitimité et lui permettra de réunir le royaume autour de lui, selon l'inspiration judicieuse de Jeanne d'Arc.

http://www.herodote.net

!Name is; Pepin "The Short", King of The /FRANKS/

Pippin the Younger[1] (or Pepin; French, Ppin le Bref; Dutch Pepijn de Korte German, Pippin der Kleine, Pippin der Kurze, or Pippin der Jngere) (714 ? September 24, 768), often known under the mistranslation Pippin the Short or the ordinal Pippin III, was the king of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was born in 714 in Jupille, close to the city of Lige, in what is today Belgium, where the Carolingian dynasty originated. That territory was then a part of the kingdom of Austrasia. His father was Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and his mother was Chrotrud (690-724). Assumption of power On the death of Pippin`s father, Charles Martel, in 741, power was passed down to Charles` legitimate sons, Pippin and Carloman as mayors of the palaces of Neustria and Austrasia respectively. Power may also have been intended for Charles` illegitimate son, Grifo, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers. Carloman, who by all evidence

Pippin III
Encyclopædia Britannica Article

born c. 714
died September 24, 768, Saint-Denis, Neustria [now in France]

also spelled Pepin , byname Pippin the Short , French Pépin le Bref , German Pippin der Kurze the first king of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty and the father of Charlemagne. A son of Charles Martel, Pippin became sole de facto ruler of the Franks in 747 and then, on the deposition of Childeric III in 751, king of the Franks. He was the first Frankish king to be anointed—first by St. Boniface and later (754) by Pope Stephen II.

Encyclopedia Britannica

!Name is; Pepin "The Short", King of The /FRANKS/

Person Source
Person Source
[Descent from the Saints, Kenneth J. Hart]: Pepin III, Mayor of Neustria
741, King of the Franks 747-768.
[Mecedes Snyder, fidonet Aug 27 '95] '..born 715..' [Ahnentafel by
Philippe Houdry, from various sources, ver. 3 (Aug. 31, 1994) posted by
Tom Camfield]: Pepin le Bref...Mayor of the Palace, King of Neustrie and
Frankish King 741-768.
NAME Pepin The Short, King of The Franks.
Mayor of the Palace; First King of the Franks of the second race [Ref:
Weis AR #50]
751-768: King of the Franks [Ref: Weis AR #50] Roots of Sixty
Colonists, 6th Edition, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co, 1988.

King 751

[Jeremiah Brown.FTW]

[from Ancestry.com 139798.GED]

Originally the Mayor of the Palace for King Childeric III. In 751 an assembly of nobles in Soissons elected him King of the Franks. In 754 Pope Stephan II crowned Pepin King of France at the abbey of St. Denis outside of Paris. He supported the Church and rescued the papacy from the Lombard Kings, giving the Pope central Italy in the Donation of Pepin in 756.

Pepin had much to do; the Saxons, Bavarians and Arabs were all menacing or revolting, and he had to rush from one part of the kingdom to the other, defending its frontiers and getting no help from the "stupid sluggard king" at Paris. At last, impatient of the farce, he sent this question to the Pope: "Who is King, he who governs, or he who wears the crown?". "He who governs, of course", answered the Pope. "That is myself", said the little man with a great will, and he sent Childeric III, the last of the Merovingians, into a monastery. Pepin did not forget that he owed a debt of gratitude to the Pope for the answer he had given to his question, and when, shortly afterwards, the Pope sent to complain of the trouble occasioned by the Lombards, Pepin crossed the Alps, punished the Lombards, took from them all the territory about Rome and gave it to the Pope "to belong to him and to the bishops of Rome forever". That was the beginning of the Papal sovereignty. The States of the Church, as they were called, remained under the sovereignty of the Popes until 1871.

#Générale##Générale#Profession : Maire.du.Palais de 741 à 751,
Roi des Francs de 751 à 768.

{geni:occupation} King of the Franks, Mayor of the Palaces of Neustria and Austrasia, King Pepin of France, Rei dos Francos, (Rey de los Francos, Mayordomo del Palacio de Neustria, Mayordomo del Palacio de Austrasia), Foi rei dos Francs (751-768). Foi o primeiro rei da din

{geni:about_me} From the English Wikipedia page on Pepin III The Short:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_the_Short

and in French: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9pin_le_Bref

Pepin or Pippin (714 – 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III,[1] was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the father of Charlemagne.

He was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and of Rotrude of Trier (690–724).

Assumption of power

Pepin's father, Charles Martel, died in 741. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother, Carloman, his surviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria.

Grifo, Charles's son by his second wife, Swanahild (also known as Swanhilde), demanded a share in the inheritance, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers.

As in the Frankish realm the unity of the kingdom was essentially connected with the person of the king, Carloman, to secure this unity raised the Merovingian Childeric to the throne (743). In 747 he resolved to enter a monastery. This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pepin of Heristal.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Pepin put down the renewed revolt led by his half-brother and succeeded in completely restoring the boundaries of the kingdom.

Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel the dux et princeps Francorum were the commanders of the armies of the kingdom, in addition to their administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Charles Martel had begun maintaining year-round since Toulouse in 721.

First Carolingian king

Pepin was subject to the decisions of Childric who had only the title of King but no power. Childric was considered a joke by the people. Since Pepin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of the king, he now addressed to Pope Zachary the suggestive question: In regard to the kings of the Franks who no longer possess the royal power, is this state of things proper?

Hard pressed by the Lombards, Pope Zacharias welcomed this advance of the Franks which aimed at ending an intolerable condition of things, and at laying the constitutional foundations for the exercise of the royal power. The pope replied that such a state of things was not proper. The de facto power is more important than the de jure power.

After this decision the throne was declared vacant. The crown was given him not by the Pope but by the Franks. According to the ancient custom Pepin was then elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish leading-men, with a large portion of his army on hand (in the event that the nobility inclined not to honor the Papal bull), and anointed at Soissons, by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, who, along with his niece, Saint Leoba, was a court advisor.

Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean de Maurienne in 753. Childeric III was deposed, his hair shaved off and he was confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians.

Expansion of the Frankish realm

Pepin added to his power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint him in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman.

Pepin the Short's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had a policy of expansion into the ducatus Romanum, as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church and confirmed the papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin whereby the Papal States was founded.[2]

In 759, he drove the Saracens out of Gaul with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by integrating Aquitaine into the kingdom. In taking Narbonne, and formally annexing Aquitaine (whose status was always dependent on the strength of her suzerains), he completed the work of his father save for one last task: fully subduing the Saxons. He was preparing for war against them when his health began to fail, and thus, this final task was left for his son, the great Charlemagne.

Legacy

Pepin died during a campaign and was brought to Saint Denis to be buried near the saint in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada. Pepin was buried "outside that entrance [of Saint Denis Basilica] according to his wishes, face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel".[3]

The Frankish realm was fractioned according to salic law between his two sons: Charlemagne and Carloman I.

Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its full army in wartime.

He not only maintained his father's policy of containing the Moors, he drove them over and across the Pyrenees with the capture of Narbonne. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe.

His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people. It can certainly be argued that Pepin's assumption of the crown, and the title of Patrician of Rome, were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation which is usually seen as the founding of the Holy Roman Empire. He certainly made the Carolingians de jure what his father had made them de facto—the ruling dynasty of the Franks and the foremost power of Europe. While not known as a great general, he was undefeated during his lifetime.

Family

[4].

In 741, Pepin married Bertrada of Laon. Her father, Charibert, was the son of Pepin II's brother, Martin of Laon. They are known to have had eight children, at least three of whom survived to adulthood:

# Charles (2 April 742 – 28 January 814), (Charles the Great)
# Carloman (751 – 4 December 771)
# Gisela (757–810)
# Pepin, died in infancy.
# Chrothais, died young, buried Metz.
# Adelais, died young, buried Metz.
# and
# Two unnamed daughters[5]

==Pepin the Younger==
*Reign: 751–768
*Born 714, probably - Jupille-sur-Meuse (now part of Liege)
*Died 24 September 768 (aged 54)
*Predecessor '''Childeric III'''
*Successor '''Charlemagne''' and '''Carloman I''', joint rulers
*Dynasty Carolingian
*Father Charles Martel
*Mother Rotrude of Trier

===Notes===

1.^ Pepin's name can be very confusing. Historically, historians have vacillated between preference for Pepin, derived from the French Pépin, and the German Pippin. His nickname is also subject to whims, le Bref being translated as either "the Short" or "the Younger". The Younger is explained as referring to the fact that he was the younger of the two Arnulfing Pepins who ruled as mayors of the palace; the Short as deriving from the tales of Notker Balbalus regarding the King's diminutive size. More novel suggestions include a suggestion that "the Short" referred to his hair—since he was the first Frankish king to wear his hair shorn short. Dutton, PE, Charlemagne's Mustache.

2.^ Charles Knight, The English Cyclopaedia: Volume IV, (London : 1867); pg 733 "We have no circumstantial account of this important event, except that Pepin was anointed at Soissons, in March 752, by Boniface, bishop of Mainz, called the Apostle of Germany, before the assembly of the nation."

3.^ Claudio Rendina & Paul McCusker, The Popes: Histories and Secrets, (New York : 2002), pg 145

4.^ "Pepin the Short". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.

5.^ http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/sugar.html

6.^ Treffer Gerd Die französischen Königinnen. Von Bertrada bis Marie Antoinette (8.-18. Jahrhundert) Pustet, Regensburg (1996) pp. 23-29 ISBN 3791715305 ISBN 978-3791715308

7.^ Medieval Lands - Franks, Carolingian Kings Retrieved on 8 November 2008

----------------------------

From the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy page on Carolingians:

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CAROLINGIANS.htm#PepinleBrefFranksB

PEPIN, son of CHARLES "Martel" & his first wife Chrothrudis (715-Saint-Denis 24 Sep 768, bur église de l'abbaye royale de Saint Denis). Einhard names "Karlomannum…et Pippinum atque Grifonem" as the three sons of "Karlus maior domus" when recording the latter's death[1].

He succeeded his father as maior domus jointly with his brother Carloman. They deprived their half-brother Grifo of his inheritance and defeated him after he rebelled against them.

In the division of territories agreed with his brother Carloman, Pepin governed Neustria, Burgundy, Provence, Metz and Trier. The brothers were faced with revolts in Frisia, Bavaria, Alemannia and Aquitaine. As a symbolic assertion of their authority, they nominated Childeric III as Merovingian king in 743. In 745, Pepin appropriated the province of Alemannia for himself.

He deposed King Childeric III at Soissons in Nov 751, with approval from Pope Zacharius[2], and succeeded as PEPIN “le Bref” King of the Franks.

He was anointed king at Saint-Denis 28 Jul 754 by Pope Stephen III [II], who had come to France to seek Pepin's help against the Lombards[3].

During his expedition to Italy the following year, Pepin obliged the Lombards to accept the independence of Rome, marking the beginning of the Papal State. He captured Narbonne from the Muslim invaders in [759], and finally conquered Aquitaine after the death of Duke Waifar in 768.

The necrology of Prüm records the death "768 VIII Kal Oct" of "Pippinus vir illuster"[4]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "VIII Kal Oct" of "Pipinus rex"[5]. The Annales Metenses record the death "VIII Kal Oct" of "Pippinus" and his burial "in basilica beati Dionysii"[6]. His burial place is confirmed by the Annales Laurissenses which record that the body of "domna Berta regina" was transferred to "ecclesia sancti Dionysii martiris" next to her husband[7].

m ([743/44]) BERTRADA [Berta] "au Grand Pied", daughter of CHARIBERT Comte de Laon & his wife --- ([720]-Choisy-au-Bac, near Compiègne 12 Jul 783[8], bur église de l'abbaye royale de Saint Denis). The Annales Laurissenses record the marriage in 749 of "Bertradem cognomine Bertam, Cariberti Laudunensis comitis filiam" and "Pippinus"[9]. "Pippinus rex Francorum" donated property to found Kloster Prüm by charter dated 13 Aug 762 which names "coniux mea Bertrada…genitor suus Heribertus"[10]. Pepin planned to divorce his wife, but was convinced otherwise by Pope Paul I in 762. After the death of her husband, she assumed a prominent role in government. She tried unsuccessfully to reconcile her two sons, meeting with Carloman at Seltz and also travelling to Italy in 770[11]. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Berhta regina" brought "filiam Desiderii regis Langobardorum" back from Italy as the wife for "Karolo filio suo"[12]. The Annales Laurissenses record the death "783 IV Id Jul" of "domna Berta regina", her burial "in Cauciaco", and the subsequent transfer of her body to "ecclesia sancti Dionysii martiris" next to her husband[13]. The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "IV Id Jul" of "Bertrada regina"[14].

-------------

Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768.

--------------------

Unattributed biography: Pepin the Short

Mayor of the Palace of the whole Frankish kingdom (both Austrasia and Neustria), and later King of the Franks; born 714; died at St. Denis, 24 September, 768.

He was the son of Charles Martel. Pepin and his older brother Carloman were taught by the monks of St. Denis, and the impressions received during their monastic education had a controlling influence upon the relations of both princes to the Church.

When the father died in 741 the two brothers began to reign jointly but not without strong opposition, for Griffon, the son of Charles Martel and the Bavarian Sonnichilde, demanded a share in the government. Moreover, the Duke of the Aquitanians and the Duke of the Alamannians thought this a favourable opportunity to throw off the Frankish supremacy.

The young kings were repeatedly involved in war, but all their opponents, including the Bavarians and Saxons, were defeated and the unity of the kingdom re-established.

As early as 741 Carloman had entered upon his epoch-making relations with St. Boniface, to whom was now opened a new field of labour, the reformation of the Frankish Church. On 21 April, 742, Boniface was present at a Frankish synod presided over by Carloman at which important reforms were decreed.

As in the Frankish realm the unity of the kingdom was essentially connected with the person of the king, Carloman to secure this unity raised the Merovingian Childeric to the throne (743). In 747 he resolved to enter a monastery. The danger, which up to this time had threatened the unity of the kingdom from the division of power between the two brothers, was removed, and at the same time the way was prepared for the deposing of the last Merovingian and for the crowning of Pepin.

Pepin put down the renewed revolt led by his step-brother Griffon, and succeeded in completely restoring the boundaries of the kingdom. Pepin now addressed to the Pope the suggestive question: In regard to the kings o the Franks who no longer possess the royal power, is this state of things proper?

Hard pressed by the Lombards, Pope Zacharias welcomed this advance of the Franks which aimed at ending an intolerable condition of things, and at laying the constitutional foundations for the exercise of the royal power. The pope replied that such a state of things was not proper. After this decision the place Pepin desired to occupy was declared vacant.

The crown was given him not by the pope but by the Franks. According to the ancient custom Pepin was then elected king and soon after this was anointed by Boniface. This consecration of the new kingdom by the head of the Church was intended to remove any doubt as to its legitimacy. On the contrary, the consciousness of having saved the Christian world from the Saracens produced, among the Franks, the feeling that their kingdom owed its authority directly to God. Still this external cooperation of the pope in the transfer of the kingdom to the Carolingians would necessarily enhance the importance of the Church.

The relations between the two controlling powers of Christendom now rapidly developed. It was soon evident to what extent the alliance between Church and State was to check the decline of ecclesiastical and civil life; it made possible the conversion of the still heathen German tribes, and when that was accomplished provided an opportunity for both Church and State to recruit strength and to grow.

Ecclesiastical, political, and economic developments had made the popes lords of the ducatus Romanus. They laid before Pepin their claims to the central provinces of Italy, which had belonged to them before Liutprand's conquest.

When Stephen II had a conference with King Pepin at Ponthion in January, 754, the pope implored his assistance against his oppressor the Lombard King Aistulf, and begged for the same protection for the prerogatives of St. Peter which the Byzantine exarchs had extended to them, to which the king agreed, and in the charter establishing the States of the Church, soon after given at Quiercy, he promised to restore these prerogatives. The Frankish king received the title of the former representative of the Byzantine Empire in Italy, i.e. "Patricius", and was also assigned the duty of protecting the privileges of the Holy See.

When Stephen II performed the ceremony of anointing Pepin and his son at St. Denis, it was St. Peter who was regarded as the mystical giver of the secular power, but the emphasis thus laid upon the religious character of political law left vague the legal relations between pope and king. After the acknowledgment of his territorial claims the Pope was in reality a ruling sovereign, but he had placed himself under the protection of the Frankish ruler and had sworn that he and his people would be true to the king. Thus his sovereignty was limited from the very start as regards what was external to his domain.

The connection between Rome and the Frankish kingdom involved Pepin during the years 754-56 in war with the Lombard King Aistulf, who was forced to return to the Church the territory he had illegally held.

Pepin's commanding position in the world of his time was permanently secured when he took Septimania from the Arabs. Another particularly important act was his renewed overthrow of the rebellion in Aquitaine which was once more made a part of the kingdom.

He was not so fortunate in his campaigns against the Saxons and Bavarians. He could do no more than repeatedly attempt to protect the boundaries of the kingdom against the incessantly restless Saxons. Bavaria remained an entirely independent State and advanced in civilization under Duke Tassilo.

Pepin's activity in war was accompanied by a widely extended activity in the internal affairs of the Frankish kingdom, his main object being the reform of legislation and internal affairs, especially of ecclesiastical conditions. He continued the ecclesiastical reforms commenced by St. Boniface. In doing this Pepin demanded an unlimited authority over the Church. He himself wished to be the leader of the reforms. However, although St. Boniface changed nothing by his reformatory labours in the ecclesiastico-political relations that had developed in the Frankish kingdom upon the basis of the Germanic conception of the State, nevertheless he had placed the purified and united Frankish Church more definitely under the control of the papal see than had hitherto been the case. From the time of St. Boniface the Church was more generally acknowledged by the Franks to be the mystical power appointed by God.

When he deposed the last of the Merovingians Pepin was also obliged to acknowledge the increased authority of the Church by calling upon it for moral support. Consequently the ecclesiastical supremacy of the Frankish king over the Church of his country remained externally undiminished. Nevertheless by his life-work Pepin had powerfully aided the authority of the Church and with it the conception of ecclesiastical unity.

He was buried at St. Denis where he died. He preserved the empire created by Clovis from the destruction that menaced it; he was able to overcome the great danger arising from social conditions that threatened the Frankish kingdom, by opposing to the unruly lay nobility the ecclesiastical aristocracy that had been strengthened by the general reform.

When he died the means had been created by which his greater son could solve the problems of the empire. Pepin's policy marked out the tasks to which Charlemagne devoted himself: quieting the Saxons, the subjection of the duchies and lastly, the regulation of the ecclesiastical question and with it that of Italy.

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Summary of Pepin III , "the Short"

Name:

Pepin III , "the Short"

Gender:

Male

Father:

Charles "The Hammer" Martel

Mother:

Hrotrude

Facts and Events

Death

9-24-768, St. Denis, Paris, Seine, France.

Birth

714, Austrasia, France.

Marriages

Bertrada "Broadfoot" Laon, Queen of Franks

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From Darryl Lundy's Peerage page (Forrás / Source):

http://www.thepeerage.com/p10325.htm#i103248

Pepin III, King of the Franks (1)

M, #103248, b. 714, d. 24 September 768

Last Edited=20 Aug 2005

Pepin III, King of the Franks was born in 714. He was the son of Charles Martel, King of the Franks and Rotrud (?).

He married Bertha de Laon, daughter of Heribert de Laon, Comte de Laon, in 740.

He died on 24 September 768 at Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France.

Pepin III, King of the Franks also went by the nick-name of Pepin 'the Short' (?). He gained the title of King Pepin of the Franks in 751. (1)

Children of Pepin III, King of the Franks and Bertha de Laon

-1. Charlemagne, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire+ b. 2 Apr 742, d. 28 Jan 814 (1)

-2. Carloman, King of the Franks b. c 751, d. 771 (1)

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Pipin den yngre[1] (fransk: Pépin le Bref, nederlandsk: Pepijn de Korte og tysk: Pippin der Kleine, Pippin der Kurze eller Pippin der Jüngere) (714–24. september 768), ofte kjente under den misforståtte oversettelsen Pipin den lille eller med rekketall Pipin III, var frankernes konge fra 751 til 768.

Veien til makten

Da Pipins far, Karl Martell, døde i 741, ble makten overført til Karls legitime sønner, Pipin og Karloman som rikshovmestere av henholdsvis Neustria og Austrasia. Det var kanskje også meningen at Karls uekte sønn, Grifo, men han ble fengslet i et kloster av sine to halvbrødre.

Karloman som var en dypt religiøs mann, trakk seg tilbake til et kloster i 747. Dette etterlot Frankia i hendene til Pipin som enslig rikshovmester og dux et princeps Francorum, en tittel som oppstod med hans bestefar Pipin av Herstal. Under reorganiseringen til Karl Martell av Frankia, var dux et princeps Francorum kommandantene til kongedømmets arméer, i tillegg til deres administrative plikter som rikshovmestre og spesifikt kommandanter av den stående livvakten som Martell hadde begynt å opprettholde året rundt siden Toulouse i 721.

Da de tok makten insatte Pipin og Karloman som ikke hadde hevdet seg i slag til rikets forsvar slik deres far hadde, den merovingerkongen Childerik III som konge, selv om Martell hadde etterlatt tronen tom siden Teoderik IVs død. Childerik hadde tittelen som konge, men han var en marionett. Ettersom tiden gikk, og hans bror forsvant ut av bildet, ble Pipin misfornøyd med nærværet av kongelig makt utover ham selv. Da Karloman trakk seg tilbake, flyktet Grifo fra sin varetekt og flyktet til hertug Odilo av Bayern som var gift med Hiltrude, Pipins søster. Odilo ble tvunget av Pipin til å anerkjenne frankisk overherredømme, men døde kort tid etterpå (18. januar 748). Pipin invaderte Bayern og innsatte Tassilo III som hertug under frankisk herredømme.

Første karolingerkonge

Siden Pipin hadde kontroll over magnatene og faktisk hadde kongens makt, bestemte han seg for at det var på tide å gjøre det som hans far aldri hadde brydd seg med: gjøre karlongernes navn kongelige i loven slik det allerede reelt sett var. Pipin spurte pave Sakarias om hvem som skulle være den kongelige herskeren: personen med tittelen konge eller personen som tok avgjørelsene til en konge. Paven var avhengig av frankernes arméer for sin uavhengighet og hadde vært avhengig av dem som beskyttelse mot langobardene siden Karl Martells dager. Pipin kontrollerte disse arméene som hans far hadde gjort, derfor var pavens svar avgjort på forhånd. Paven gikk med på at de facto–makt var viktigere enn de jure–makt.

På denne måten skaffet Pipin seg støtte fra paven og dempet dermed opposisjonen mot hans hus. Han ble valgt til frankernes konge av en forsamling av frankiske ledende menn. Han hadde en stor del av arméen for hånden, i tilfelle adelen ikke sluttet seg til den pavelige uttalelsen. Han ble innsatt i Soissons, kanskje av Boniface, erkebiskop av Mainz. Imens fortsatte Grifo sitt opprør, men ble til slutt drept i slaget ved Saint-Jean de Maurienne i 753.

Ekspansjon av det frankiske riket

Han styrket sin makt etter at pave Stefan III reiste hele veien til Paris for å velsigne Pipin i en prangende seremoni i Basilique Saint-Denis og gav ham tilleggstittelen patricius Romanorum (romernes patrisier). Ettersom forventet levealder var lav i de dager og Pipin ønsket kontinuitet i familien, velsignet paven også Pipins sønner, Karl og Karloman.

Pipins første betydelige handling var å gå til krig mot den langobardiske kongen Aistulf som førte en ekspansjonspolitikk inn i ducatus Romanum, delvis som takk for den pavelige støtten i hans forsøk på å overta kronen. Da han seiret, tvang han den langobardiske kongen til å gi tilbake eiendom som ble tatt fra kirken og bekreftet pavens kontroll over Ravenna og Pentapolis, også kalt Pipins donasjon hvor kirkestaten ble grunnlagt. I 759 drev han sarasenerne ut av Gallia da han erobret Narbonne og konsoliderte så sin makt videre ved å integrere Aquitaine inn i kongedømmet. Ved å ta Narbonne og formelt annektere Aquitaine (hvis status alltid hadde vært avhengig av hennes herskere), fullførte han arbeidet til sin far med unntak av en siste oppgave, fullstendig kue sakserne. Han forberedte seg for krig mot dem da helsen hans begynte å bli dårligere, og dermed ble den siste oppgaven overlatt til hans sønn, Karl den store.

Arv

Pipin døde i Saint Denis i 768 og er gravlagt der sammen med sin kone Bertrada.

Historisk ser det ofte ut til at han er regnet som en mindre sønn og en mindre far av to store menn, selv om han var en stor mann etter sine egne bedrifter. Han fortsatte å å bygge opp det tunge kavaleriet som hans far satte i gang. Han opprettholdt den stående hæren som hans far grunnla for å beskytte riket og som dannet kjernen i hans regulære hær i krigstid. Han ikke bare opprettholdt sin fars politikk i å begrense maurerne til sine områder, men drev dem tilbake over Pyreneene da han tok Narbonne. Han fortsatte sin fars ekspansjon av den frankiske kirken (misjon i Tyskland og Skandinavia) og infrastrukturen (føydalisme) som ville bli ryggraden i middelalderens Europa. Hans styre var riktignok ikke like strålende som hans fars eller hans sønns, men det var historisk viktig og av stor fordel for den frankiske folk. Det kan hevdes at Pipins overtagelse av tronen og tittelen patrisier av Roma var forløpere til hans sønns keiserlige kroning som vanligvis blir sett på som grunnleggelsen av det tysk-romerske riket. Han gjorde karolingerne de jure, der hans far gjorde dem de facto, det herskende dynastiet av frankerne og den fremste makten i Europa. Mens han ikke var kjent som en stor general, var han ubeseiret i sin livstid.

Familie

I 740 giftet Pipin seg med Bertrada av Laon, hans tremennig. Hennes far, Charibert, var sønn til Pipin av Herstals bror, Martin av Laon. Av deres barn, ble to sønner og en datter voksne[2].

Karl (2. april 742–28. januar 814), kjent som Karl den store

Karloman (751–4. desember 771)

Gisela (757–810)

--------------------

Nascimento: em Jupille, parte da comuna de Liège; ou n/d 715, ou n/d c. 715. União com Berta: ou c. 740, ou 741. Casamento com Berta: ou 744, ou c. 744.

--------------------

Pepin III , King of Franks,

Mayor of the palaces of Neustria & Austrasia.

--------------------

From the Axeholm Ancestry collaboration site (user input):

http://www.red1st.com/tng603/getperson.php?personID=I1748534526&tree=Axholme

Son of Charles 'the Hammer' Martel, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia,

b. 23 Aug 688, Herstal, Liege, Belgium

d. 22 Oct 741, Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne, Picardie, France

AND

Chrotrudis (Rotrou), Duchess of Austrasia,

b. 690, Treves, Austrasia d. 724

Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Prince of the Franks, Duke of Brenard

Born between 706 and 716. Despite his piety, Carloman could be ruthless towards opponents. After repeated armed revolts and rebellions in 746 he convened an assembly of the Alamanni magnates at Cannstatt and had most of them, numbering in the thousands, arrested and executed for high treason in the "Blood Court at Cannstatt". This eradicated virtually the entire tribal leadership of the Alamanni and ended the independance of the tribal duchy of Alamannia.

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ID: I00146

Name: *Carloman DE HERISTAL

Sex: M

Birth: BET 706 AND 716 1

Death: 17 AUG 754 in Poitiers, Poitou-Charentes, Vienne, France 2

Burial: Monte Cassino, Italy 2

Occupation: BET 741 AND 747 Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia and Chrotrud 1

Note: Wikipedia entry

--------------------

Wikipedia page on his brother Carloman:

Carloman (between 706 and 716[1] – 17 August[2] 754) was the eldest son of Charles Martel, major domo or mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and his wife Chrotrud.

On Charles' death (741), Carloman and his brother Pippin the Short succeeded to their father's legal positions, Carloman in Austrasia, and Pippin in Neustria. He was a member of the family later called the Carolingians and it can be argued that he was instrumental in consolidating their power at the expense of the ruling Merovingian kings of the Franks. He withdrew from public life in 747 to take up the monastic habit.

After the death of his father, power was not initially divided to include Grifo, another of Charles' sons. This was per Charles' wishes, though Grifo demanded a portion of the realm from his brothers, who refused him.

By 742, Carloman and Pippin had ousted Grifo and forced him into a monastery, and each turned his attention towards his own area of influence as major domo, Pippin in the West (in what was called Neustria, roughly what is now France) and Carloman in the East (in what was called Austrasia, roughly what is now Germany), which was the Carolingian base of power.

With Grifo contained, the two mayors, who had not yet proved themselves in battle in defence of the realm as their father had, on the initiative of Carloman, installed the Merovingian Childeric III as king (743), even though Martel had left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV in 737.

Unlike most medieval instances of fraternal power sharing, Carloman and Pippin for seven years seemed at least willing to work together; certainly, they undertook many military actions together. Carloman joined Pippin against Hunald of Aquitaine's rising in 742 and again in 745. Pippin assisted Carloman against the Saxons 742-743, when Duke Theoderic was forced to come to terms, and against Odilo of Bavaria in 742 and again in 744, when peace was established between the brothers and their brother-in-law, for Odilo had married their sister Hiltrude.

Strengthening of the dynasty

In his own realm, Carloman strengthened his authority in part via his support of the Anglo-Saxon missionary Winfrid (later Saint Boniface), the so-called "Apostle of the Germans," whom he charged with restructuring the church in Austrasia. This was in part the continuation of a policy begun under his grandfather, Pippin of Herstal, and continued to under his father, Charles Martel, who erected four dioceses in Bavaria (Salzburg, Regensburg, Freising, and Passau) and gave them Boniface as archbishop and metropolitan over all Germany east of the Rhine, with his seat at Mainz.

Boniface had been under Charles Martel's protection from 723 on; indeed the saint himself explained to his old friend, Daniel of Winchester, that without it he could neither administer his church, defend his clergy, nor prevent idolatry.

Carloman was instrumental in convening the Concilium Germanicum in 742, the first major Church synod to be held in the eastern regions of the Frankish kingdom. Chaired jointly by him and Boniface, the synod ruled that priests were not allowed to bear arms or to host females in their houses and that it was one of their primary tasks to eradicate pagan beliefs. While his father had frequently confiscated church property to reward his followers and to pay for the standing army that had brought him victory at Tours, (a policy supported by Boniface as necessary to defend Christianity) by 742 the Carolingians were wealthy enough to pay their military retainers and still support the Church. For Carloman, a deeply religious man, it was a duty of love, for Pippin a practical duty. Both saw the necessity of strengthening the ties between their house and the Church. Therefore, Carloman sought to increase the assets of the church. He donated, for instance, the land for one of Boniface's most important foundations, the monastery of Fulda.

Political ruthlessness

Despite his piety, Carloman could be ruthless towards real or perceived opponents. After repeated armed revolts and rebellions, Carloman in 746 convened an assembly of the Alamanni magnates at Cannstatt and then had most of the magnates, numbering in the thousands, arrested and executed for high treason in the Blood Court at Cannstatt. This eradicated virtually the entire tribal leadership of the Alamanni and ended the independence of the tribal duchy of Alamannia, which was thereafter governed by counts appointed by their Frankish overlords.

These actions strengthened Carloman's position, and that of the family as a whole, especially in terms of their rivalries with other leading barbarian families such as the Bavarian Agilolfings.

Withdrawal from public life

On 15 August 747, Carloman renounced his position as major domo and withdrew to a monastic life, being tonsured in Rome by Pope Zachary. All sources from the period indicate that Carloman's renunciation of the world was volitional, although some have speculated that he went to Rome for other, unspecified reasons and was "encouraged" to remain in Rome by the Pope, acting on a request from Pepin to keep Carloman in Italy.[3]

Carloman founded a monastery on Monte Soratte and then went to Monte Cassino. All sources from the period indicate that he believed his calling was the Church. He withdrew to Monte Cassino and spent most of the remainder of his life there, presumably in meditation and prayer. His son, Drogo, demanded from Pippin the Short his father's share of the family patrimony, but was swiftly neutralised.[4]

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Bavaria, where Duke Odilo provided support and assistance. But when Odilo died a year later and Grifo attempted to seize the duchy of Bavaria for himself,

Pippin, who had become sole major domo and dux et princeps Francorum, took decisive action by invading Bavaria and installing Odilo's infant son, Tassilo III, as duke under Frankish suzerainty. Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne in 753.

Seven years after Carloman's retirement and on the eve of his death, he once more stepped briefly on the public stage. In 754, Pope Stephen II had begged Pippin, now king, to come to his aid against the king of the Lombards, Aistulf. Carloman left Monte Cassino to visit his brother to ask him not to march on Italy (and possibly to drum up support for his son Drogo).[5]

Pippin was unmoved, and imprisoned Carloman in Vienne, where he died on 17 August. He was buried in Monte Cassino.

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Kung Pippin den lille av Franken (även Pippin den yngre)

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Sepultura: "Pepin died during a campaign and was brought to Saint Denis to be buried near the saint in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada. Pepin was buried 'outside that entrance [of Saint Denis Basilica] according to his wishes, face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel'".

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Pipino III de los Francos, más conocido como Pipino el Breve. Su apodo de "El Breve" se debe a su baja estatura. Nació hacia el 715 en Jupille (cerca de Lieja, Bélgica, de donde arranca una gran parte de la dinastía Merovingia y Carolingia) y murió el 24 de septiembre de 768 en Saint-Denis (en el norte de Francia). Hijo menor de Carlos Martel y de Rotrudis de Tréveris. Sus cargos fueron:

* Mayordomo de palacio de Neustria (741-751) con Borgoña y Provenza

* Mayordomo de palacio de Austrasia (747-751)

* Rey de los francos (751-768

A la muerte de Carlos Martel repartió, a la usanza de la época, sus títulos entre sus dos hijos: Carloman heredó el cargo de mayordomo (especie de Jefe de Gobierno o Primer Ministro) del palacio de Austrasia y Pipino, el de mayordomato del palacio de Neustria.

Es el periodo de la decadencia de la dinastía merovingia, cuando los jóvenes "reyes holgazanes" no tienen ya ninguna autoridad y los mayordomos de palacio son los verdaderos gobernantes del Estado. Carlomán y Pipino se reparten entonces el poder del reino franco, que gobernarán entre los dos, luchando, en primer lugar, por devolver la estabilidad a las fronteras del reino.

Comienzan enseguida una reforma de la Iglesia con la ayuda del obispo San Bonifacio y se realizan dos concilios: el primero en Austrasia, convocado por Carlomán en 742-743; el segundo por Pipino, en 744 en Soissons (Neustria), en el que adoptará las decisiones tomadas en el concilio de Austrasia. Esta reforma establecerá la jerarquía en el seno del clero franco, a cuya cabeza se encuentra Bonifacio (evangelizador de Germania), como dirigente de los obispos repartidos por las ciudades del reino.

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From a GEDCOM file:

Pepin, known as The Short, was born in 0714 in Austrasia, France.1

The Short's father was Charles (Martel The Hammer) Austrasia and his mother was Rotrude (Chrotude) Treves. His paternal grandparents were Paepin II d'Heristal and Alpaide Austrasia; his maternal grandparents were Saint/Bishop Leutwinus Treves and daughter of Chrodobertus.

He had three brothers and a sister, named Carloman I, Bernard, Hieronymus and Landree. He was the second oldest of the five children. He had a half-sister named Aude.

He died at the age of 54 on September 24th, 0768 in St. Denis, Paris, Seine, France.

The Short and Bertrade were married. They had a son and a daughter, named Charlemagne and Bertbelle.

Note: Pepin III, King des Francs (Andre Roux: Scrolls, 191.)

# Note: (Rosamond, Frankish kingdom under Carolingians.)

# Note: (Stuart, Royalty for Commoners, Page 129, Line 171-42.)

# Note: (Andre Castelot, Histoire de La France, Tome 1, Pages 269 - 283, 369). Also Known As: Pepin "Le Bref".

# Note: Born: in 714 in Austrasia, son of Charles Martel and Rotrude=Chrotrud, Duchesse d'Austrasie ). Married circa 740: Berthe=Bertrada de Laon, daughter of Charibert, Count de Laon and Bertrade N? ;

Berthe was for may years, at least since 740, the concubine of Pepin III. In 749 she convinced him to marry her. Note - between 742 and 753: Pepin III was baptized by the then future Saint Willibrod, famous apostle of Frisia and was brought up at the Monastery of Saint-Denis. He would protect the bishops.

# Note: Title: Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise on

# Note: Page: Pepin III

# Note: Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999

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Mayor of the Palace; first king of the Franks of the second race,751-768; m.Bertha.-- dau. of Count Canbert of Laon. (Weis) 1

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First Carolingian King

Pepin died during a campaign and was brought to Saint Denis to be buried near the saint in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada. Pepin was buried "outside that entrance [of Saint Denis Basilica] according to his wishes, face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel".

--------------------

On the death of Pippin's father, Charles Martel, in 741, power was passed down to Charles' legitimate sons, Carloman and Pippin as mayors of the palaces of Neustria and Austrasia respectively. Power may also have been intended for Charles' illegitimate son, Grifo, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers. Carloman, who by all evidence was a deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747. This left Francia in the hands of Pippin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pippin of Heristal.

Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel the dux et princeps Francorum were the commanders of the armies of the Kingdom, in addition to their administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Martel had begun maintaining year-around since Toulouse in 721.

Upon their assumption, Pippin and Carloman, who had not proved themselves in battle in defense of the realm as their father had, installed the Merovingian Childeric III as king, even though Martel had left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV. Childeric had the title of king, but he was a puppet. As time passed, and his brother bowed out of the picture, Pippin became discontent with the presence of any royal power but himself.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pippin's sister. Odilo was forced by Pippin to acknowledge Frankish overlordship, but died soon after (January 18, 748). Pippin invaded Bavaria and installed Tassilo III as duke under Frankish overlordship.

In 740, Peppin married Bertrada of Laon, his second cousin. Her father, Charibert, was the son of Pippin II's brother, Martin of Laon. Of their children, two sons and a daughter survived to adulthood.

Charles (April 2, 742 – January 28, 814), Charlemagne (Charles the Great)

Carloman (751 – December 4, 771)

Gisela (757 – 810)

Pippin died at Saint Denis in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada. Pippin was buried "outside that entrance (of St. Denis basilica), face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel".[1] Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its full army in wartime. He not only maintained his father's policy of containing the Moors, he drove them over and across the Pyrenees with the capture of Narbonne. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe. His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people.

===

In 768 AD Pepin the Short died leaving his son, who was to become the greatest Carolingian and perhaps the greatest king of France, as his successor. This son became known as Charles the Great or Carolus Magnus in Latin but we know him best as Charlemagne. This great man was to truly change the history of France, mark the true beginning of the Middle Ages with feudalism, seignorialism and the code of chivalry. In fact, not only was he the father of feudalism but the father of the county system. His impact on the history of France and the rest of Europe was immense not just for the system of government he invented. He was also a man modern genealogists should praise for his influence over learning and record keeping by both church and state.

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Pepin the Short or Pippin[1] (714 – September 24, 768), often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III, was the King of the Franks from 751 to 768 and is best known for being the father of Charlemagne, or Charles the Great.

He was born in 714 in Jupille, close to the city of Liège, in what is today Belgium, where the Carolingian dynasty originated. That territory was then a part of the kingdom of Austrasia. His father was Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and his mother was Chrotrud (a.k.a. Rotrude of Treves) (690-724).

On the death of Pepin's father, Charles Martel, in 741, power was passed down to Charles' legitimate sons, Carloman and Pepin as mayors of the palaces of Neustria and Austrasia respectively. Power may also have been intended for Charles' illegitimate son, Grifo, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers. Carloman, who by all evidence was a deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747. This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pepin of Heristal.

Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel the dux et princeps Francorum were the commanders of the armies of the Kingdom, in addition to their administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Martel had begun maintaining year-around since Toulouse in 721.

Upon their assumption, Pepin and Carloman, who had not proved themselves in battle in defense of the realm as their father had, installed the Merovingian Childeric III as king, even though Martel had left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV. Childeric had the title of king, but he was a puppet. As time passed, and his brother bowed out of the picture, Pepin became discontent with the presence of any royal power but himself.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Odilo was forced by Pepin to acknowledge Frankish overlordship, but died soon after (January 18, 748). Pepin invaded Bavaria and installed Tassilo III as duke under Frankish overlordship.

Since Pepin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of the king, he decided it was time to do what his father had never bothered to do, make the Carolingian name royal in law as well as fact. Pepin asked Pope Zachary who should be the royal ruler: the person with the title of King, or the person who makes the decisions as King. Since the Pope depended on the Frankish armies for his independence, and had depended on them for protection from the Lombards since the days of Charles Martel, and Pepin, as his father had, controlled those armies, the Pope's answer was determined well in advance. The Pope agreed that the de facto power was more important than the de jure power. Thus, Pepin, having obtained the support of the papacy, discouraged opposition to his house. He was elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish leading-men (it must be noted he had a large portion of his army on hand, in the event that the nobility inclined not to honor the Papal Bull) and anointed at Soissons, perhaps by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, who, along with his niece, Saint Leoba, was a court advisor. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean de Maurienne in 753.

Childeric III was deposed, his hair was shaved off and he was confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians.

Pepin added to his power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint him in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman.

Pepin's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had a policy of expansion into the ducatus Romanum, as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church and confirmed the papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin whereby the Papal States was founded. In 759, he drove the Saracens out of Gaul with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by integrating Aquitaine into the kingdom. In taking Narbonne, and formally annexing Aquitaine (whose status was always dependent on the strength of her suzerains), he completed the work of his father save for one last task: fully subduing the Saxons. He was preparing for war against them when his health began to fail, and thus, this final task was left for his son, the great Charlemagne.

Pepin died at Saint Denis in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada. Pepin was buried "outside that entrance (of St. Denis basilica), face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel".[1] Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its full army in wartime. He not only maintained his father's policy of containing the Moors, he drove them over and across the Pyrenees with the capture of Narbonne. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe. His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people. It can certainly be argued that Pepin's assumption of the crown, and the title of Patrician of Rome, were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation which is usually seen as the founding of the Holy Roman Empire. He certainly made the Carolingians de jure what his father had made them de facto—the ruling dynasty of the Franks and the foremost power of Europe. While not known as a great general, he was undefeated during his lifetime.

In 740, Pepin married Bertrada of Laon, his second cousin. Her father, Charibert, was the son of Pepin II's brother, Martin of Laon. Of their children, two sons and a daughter survived to adulthood.

•Charlemagne (April 2, 742 – January 28, 814), (Charles the Great)

•Carloman (751 – December 4, 771)

•Gisela (757 – 810)

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From http://www.rpi.edu/~holmes/Hobbies/Genealogy/ps03/ps03_449.htm

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The first king of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty and the father of Charlemagne. A son of Charles Martel, Pepin became sole de facto ruler of the Franks in 747 and then, on the deposition of Childeric III in 751, king of the Franks. He was the first Frankish king to be anointed--first by St. Boniface and later (754) by Pope Stephen II.

Background and kingship.

For years the Merovingian kings had been unable to prevent power from slipping from their hands into those of the counts and other magnates. The kings were gradually eclipsed by the mayors of the palace, whose status developed from that of officer of the household to regent or viceroy. Among the mayors, a rich family descended from Pepin of Landen (Pepin I) held a position of especial importance. When Charles Martel, the scion of that family, died in 741, he left two sons: the elder, Carloman, mayor of Austrasia, Alemannia, and Thuringia, and Pepin III, mayor of Neustria, Burgundy, and Provence. No king had ruled over all the Franks since 737, but to maintain the fiction of Merovingian sovereignty, the two mayors gave the crown to Childeric III in 743. (See mayor of the palace.)

Charles had had a third son, however--Grifo, who had been born to him by a Bavarian woman of high rank, probably his mistress. In 741, when his two brothers were declared mayors of the Franks, Grifo rebelled. He led a number of revolts in subsequent years and was several times imprisoned. In 753 he was killed amid the Alpine passes on his way to join the Lombards, at this time enemies of the Franks as well as of the papacy.

Numerous other rebellions broke out. In 742 men of the Aquitaine and Alemannia were in revolt; in 743 Odilo, duke of Bavaria, led his men into battle; in 744 the Saxons rebelled, in 745 Aquitaine, and in 746 Alemannia, both the latter for the second time.

In 747, when Carloman decided to enter monastic life at Rome, a step he had been considering for years, Pepin became sole ruler of the Franks. But Pepin was ambitious to govern his people as king, not merely as mayor. Like his father, he had courage and resolution; unlike his father, he had a strong desire to unite the papacy with the Frankish realm. In 750 he sent two envoys to Pope Zacharias with a letter asking: "Is it wise to have kings who hold no power of control?" The pope answered: "It is better to have a king able to govern. By apostolic authority I bid that you be crowned King of the Franks." Childeric III was deposed and sent to a monastery, and Pepin was anointed as king at Soissons in November 751 by Archbishop Boniface and other prelates.

Pepin and Pope Stephen II.

The pope was in need of aid. Aistulf, king of the Lombards, had seized Ravenna with its lands, known as the exarchate. Soon, Lombard troops marched south, surrounded Rome, and prepared to lay siege to its walls. So matters stood when in 752 Zacharias died and Stephen II became pope. In November 753 Pope Stephen made his way over the stormy mountain passes to Frankish territory. He remained in France until the summer of 754, staying at the abbey of Saint-Denis, Paris. There he himself anointed Pepin and his sons, Charles and Carloman, as king and heirs of the crown. (See Italy, history of.)

The pope returned to Italy accompanied by Pepin and his army. A fierce battle was fought in the Alps against Aistulf and the Lombards. The Lombard king fled back to his capital, Pavia; Pepin and his men plundered the land around Pavia until Aistulf promised to restore to papal possession Ravenna and all the Roman properties claimed by the pope.

Aistulf broke his word. Again and again Pope Stephen wrote to Pepin of his difficulties. In 756 the Frankish king once more entered Italy. Aistulf was once more constrained to make promises, but the same year he died--of a fall from his horse--and in April 757 a new king, Desiderius, became ruler of the Lombards. That year Stephen II also died, and Paul I was elected pope. He, too, constantly wrote to Pepin asking for help.

But the King of the Franks had other concerns. He had to put down revolts in Saxony in 748 and 753 and a rising in Bavaria in 749. He was continually marching against rebellious Aquitaine. In 768 Pepin died at Saint-Denis, on his way back from one of his Aquitainian expeditions.

Pepin is remembered not only as the first of the Carolingians but also as a strong supporter of the Roman Church. The papal claims to territory in Italy originated with Pepin's campaigns against Aistulf and the latter's pledge to return the Roman territories. His letters also show him calling for archbishoprics in Frankish territory, promoting synods of clergy and layfolk, and as deeply interested in theology.

Pippin was crowned at Soissons in 11-751 and consecrated King at St. Denis in 754 by Winfred (St. Boniface, b. ca. 675 in Devonshire, England, a monk who was commissioned by the pope to work in Germany, murdered in 754 by pagans, called the Apostle to the Germans; his consecration of Pippin was approved by the pope, wherein the church acknowledged his royal title and which Pippin rewarded by establishing the temporal power of the papacy). He extended Austrasian power beyond the Rhine and the Pyrenees, and his alliance with the church opened the way for restoration of

the western empire (achieved by his son, Charles the Great). Pippin was the first king of the new monarchy which would take its name (Carolingian) from his great son (Carolus = Charles). A younger son, Carloman, received the southern half of his domains, but on Carloman's death in Dec. 771 Charles siezed these lands.

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gedoopt: Utrecht

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http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9pin_le_Bref

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_the_Short

http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Pipin_frank_kir%C3%A1ly

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He and his wife were first cousins once removed

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Pepin or Pippin (714 – 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III,[1] was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the father of Charlemagne.

He was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and of Rotrude of Trier (690-724).

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Pepin or Pippin, called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III, was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768.

Pepin's father, Charles Martel, died in 741. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother, Carloman, his surviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria. Grifo, Charles's son by his second wife, Swanahild (aka Swanhilde), may also have been intended to receive an inheritance, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers. Carloman, who by all evidence was a deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747. This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pepin of Heristal.

Around 735 (?) Pepin married Leutberga (712?-760?) from the Danube region. They had five children. She was repudiated some time after the birth of Charlemagne and her children were sent to convents. According to some sources, she settled in Lorsch, possibly in a convent.

In 740, Pepin married Bertrada of Laon, his second cousin. Her father, Charibert, was the son of Pepin II's brother, Martin of Laon. They are known to have had at least four children, including our ancestor Charlemagne.

Since Pepin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of the king, he suggested the Pope make the Carolingian name royal in law as well as fact. Pepin asked Pope Zachary, "Is it right that the royal power sit with the person with the title of King, or the person who makes the decisions as King?" The Pope answered that the de facto power is more important than the de jure power. Thus, Pepin, having obtained the support of the papacy, discouraged opposition to his house. He was elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish leading-men, with a large portion of his army on hand (in the event that the nobility inclined not to honor the Papal bull), and anointed at Soissons, by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, who, along with his niece, Saint Leoba, was a court advisor. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean de Maurienne in 753. Childeric III was deposed, his hair shaved off and he was confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians.

Pepin added to his power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint him in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman.

Pepin's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had a policy of expansion into the ducatus Romanum, as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church and confirmed the papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin whereby the Papal States was founded.[2] In 759, he drove the Saracens out of Gaul with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by integrating Aquitaine into the kingdom. In taking Narbonne, and formally annexing Aquitaine (whose status was always dependent on the strength of her suzerains), he completed the work of his father save for one last task: fully subduing the Saxons. He was preparing for war against them when his health began to fail, and thus, this final task was left for his son, the great Charlemagne.

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippin_the_Short for more information.

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Pepin or Pippin (714 – 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III, was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the father of Charlemagne.

He was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and of Rotrude of Trier (690–724).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_the_Short

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Pepin the Short

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pepin the Short

King of the Franks, Mayor of the Palaces of Neustria and Austrasia

Reign 751 – 768

Born 714

Died 24 September 768

Predecessor Childeric III

Successor Charlemagne

Carloman I, joint ruler with Charlemagne

Dynasty Carolingian

Carolingian dynasty

Pippinids

Pippin the Elder (c. 580–640)

Grimoald (616–656)

Childebert the Adopted (d. 662)

Arnulfings

Arnulf of Metz (582–640)

Chlodulf of Metz (d. 696 or 697)

Ansegisel (c.602–before 679)

Pippin the Middle (c.635–714)

Grimoald II (d. 714)

Drogo of Champagne (670–708)

Theudoald (d. 714)

Carolingians

Charles Martel (686–741)

Carloman (d. 754)

Pepin the Short (714–768)

Carloman I (751–771)

Charlemagne (d. 814)

Louis the Pious (778–840)

After the Treaty of Verdun (843)

Lothair I, Holy Roman Emperor (795–855)

(Middle Francia)

Charles the Bald (823–877)

(Western Francia)

Louis the German (804–876)

(Eastern Francia)

Pepin or Pippin (714 – 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III,[1] was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the father of Charlemagne.

He was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and of Rotrude of Trier (690-724).

Assumption of power

Pepin's father, Charles Martel, died in 741. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother, Carloman, his surviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria. Grifo, Charles's son by his second wife, Swanahild (aka Swanhilde), may also have been intended to receive an inheritance, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers. Carloman, who by all evidence was a deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747. This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pepin of Heristal.

Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel the dux et princeps Francorum were the commanders of the armies of the kingdom, in addition to their administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Martel had begun maintaining year-round since Toulouse in 721.

Upon their assumption, Pepin and Carloman, who had not proved themselves in battle in defense of the realm as their father had, installed Childeric III as king, even though Martel had left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV. Childeric had the title of king, but he was considered weak. As time passed, and his brother bowed out of the picture, Pepin became discontent with the royal power being with Childeric.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Odilo was forced by Pepin to acknowledge Frankish overlordship, but died soon after (January 18, 748). Pepin invaded Bavaria and installed Tassilo III as duke under Frankish overlordship.

[edit] First Carolingian king

Since Pepin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of the king, he suggested the Pope make the Carolingian name royal in law as well as fact. Pepin asked Pope Zachary, "Is it right that the royal power sit with the person with the title of King, or the person who makes the decisions as King?" The Pope answered that the de facto power is more important than the de jure power. Thus, Pepin, having obtained the support of the papacy, discouraged opposition to his house. He was elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish leading-men, with a large portion of his army on hand (in the event that the nobility inclined not to honor the Papal bull), and anointed at Soissons, by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, who, along with his niece, Saint Leoba, was a court advisor. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean de Maurienne in 753. Childeric III was deposed, his hair shaved off and he was confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians.

[edit] Expansion of the Frankish realm

Pepin added to his power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint him in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman.

Pepin's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had a policy of expansion into the ducatus Romanum, as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church and confirmed the papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin whereby the Papal States was founded.[2] In 759, he drove the Saracens out of Gaul with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by integrating Aquitaine into the kingdom. In taking Narbonne, and formally annexing Aquitaine (whose status was always dependent on the strength of her suzerains), he completed the work of his father save for one last task: fully subduing the Saxons. He was preparing for war against them when his health began to fail, and thus, this final task was left for his son, the great Charlemagne.

Legacy

Pepin died during a campaign and was brought to Saint Denis to be buried near the saint in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada. Pepin was buried "outside that entrance [of Saint Denis Basilica] according to his wishes, face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel".[3]

The Frankish realm was fractioned according to salic law between his two sons: Charlemagne and Carloman I.

Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its full army in wartime. He not only maintained his father's policy of containing the Moors, he drove them over and across the Pyrenees with the capture of Narbonne. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe.

His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people. It can certainly be argued that Pepin's assumption of the crown, and the title of Patrician of Rome, were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation which is usually seen as the founding of the Holy Roman Empire. He certainly made the Carolingians de jure what his father had made them de facto—the ruling dynasty of the Franks and the foremost power of Europe. While not known as a great general, he was undefeated during his lifetime.

Family

In 740, Pepin married Bertrada of Laon, his second cousin. Her father, Charibert, was the son of Pepin II's brother, Martin of Laon. They are known to have had four children:

Charles (April 2, 742 – January 28, 814), (Charles the Great)

Carloman (751 – December 4, 771)

Gisela (757 – 810)

Pepin, who died in infancy.

Chrothais, died young, buried Metz.

Adelais, died young, buried Metz.

2 un-named daughters[4]

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippin_the_Short

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Pipino III de los Francos, más conocido como Pipino el Breve. Su apodo de "El Breve" se debe a su baja estatura. Nació hacia el 715 en Jupille (cerca de Lieja, Bélgica, de donde arranca una gran parte de la dinastía Merovingia y Carolingia) y murió el 24 de septiembre de 768 en Saint-Denis (en el norte de Francia). Hijo menor de Carlos Martel y de Rotrudis de Tréveris. Sus cargos fueron:

* Mayordomo de palacio de Neustria (741-751) con Borgoña y Provenza

* Mayordomo de palacio de Austrasia (747-751)

* Rey de los francos (751-768)

A la muerte de Carlos Martel repartió, a la usanza de la época, sus títulos entre sus dos hijos: Carloman heredó el cargo de mayordomo (especie de Jefe de Gobierno o Primer Ministro) del palacio de Austrasia y Pipino, el de mayordomato del palacio de Neustria.

Es el periodo de la decadencia de la dinastía merovingia, cuando los jóvenes "reyes holgazanes" no tienen ya ninguna autoridad y los mayordomos de palacio son los verdaderos gobernantes del Estado. Carlomán y Pipino se reparten entonces el poder del reino franco, que gobernarán entre los dos, luchando, en primer lugar, por devolver la estabilidad a las fronteras del reino.

Comienzan enseguida una reforma de la Iglesia con la ayuda del Obispo San Bonifacio y se realizan dos concilios: el primero en Austrasia, convocado por Carlomán en 742-743; el segundo por Pipino, en 744 en Soissons (Neustria), en el que adoptará las decisiones tomadas en el concilio de Austrasia. Esta reforma establecerá la jerarquía en el seno del clero franco, a cuya cabeza se encuentra Bonifacio (evangelizador de Germania), como dirigente de los obispos repartidos por las ciudades del reino.En el año 747 Carlomán se retira a la vida monástica y cede la mayoría de Austrasia a su hermano pequeño, con lo cual Pipino se convierte en el dirigente efectivo de todo el reino franco. Desde ese momento, comienza un duro enfrentamiento para deshacerse de Childerico III, el soberano merovingio del que depende oficialmente. Para demostrar la inutilidad de los reyes merovingios, Carlos Martel había dejado vacante el trono tras la muerte de Teodorico IV en 737 (durante los siete años de vacío real, todos los documentos oficiales llevarán la fecha de 737). En 743, Pipino libera a Childerico del monasterio en el que lo había encerrado su padre y le permite ocupar el trono del que había sido desposeído. Su retorno propicia la coalición formada, entre otros, por el duque de los alemanes y Hunald, de Aquitania, que reaccionan mal ante la eliminación política de Grifon (hermanastro de Pipino y Carlomán) pero, al reponer a Childerico en el trono, Pipino consigue un medio para apaciguarlos durante un tiempo.

Hacia 744, contrae nupcias con Bertrada de Laon, llamada la del pie grande, hija de Cariberto, Conde de Laon (el apodo se le puso por tener un pie más grande que el otro).

En 750, Pipino envía una delegación franca a entrevistarse con el Papa Zacarías I, en solicitud de una autorización para poner fin al decadente reino merovingio y ocupar el trono de Childerico. Zacarías acepta y declara que "debe ser Rey el que ejerce la realidad del poder".

En noviembre de 751, Pipino depone a Childerico III y se hace coronar en el campo de mayo en Soissons, siendo proclamado por una asamblea de obispos, nobles y Leudes (grandes del reino). Esta elección se consigue sin derramamiento de sangre. Childerico III, tras ser depuesto, es tonsurado (pierde sus largos cabellos, signo del poder entre los francos) y termina sus días encerrado en el monasterio de San Bertin, cerca de Saint-Omer.

Pero aunque Pipino haya conseguido el título de Rey y su poder, éste no le pertenece, y esta ruptura de la dinastía merovingia precisa de una nueva que deberá reemplazar la sucesión natural de padres a hijos. Esta continuidad queda asegurada por la consagración real seguida de la unción, simbolizada en el bautismo de Clodoveo I y la alianza particular entre la Iglesia y los reyes francos. Es en Soissons, donde el obispo Bonifacio, su consejero diplomático, le ungirá marcando su frente con el aceite santo —el Saint-Chrême— como ya se hacía a lo largo de una ceremonia en la que se consagraba a los reyes visigodos de Toledo. Por medio de esta unción, el rey de los francos, a partir de ese momento investido de una misión de guía militar y religiosa, detenta la fuerza moral del "derecho divino", es decir, de "dirigir los pueblos que Dios le confía"; pero esta legitimidad tiene un coste: el de la fidelidad a la Iglesia y a quien la dirige, el Papa Zacarías que, desde Roma, ha dado su consentimiento para el cambio de dinastía.

Pipino será consagrado por segunda vez, por Bonifacio, en diciembre de ese mismo año, en Maguncia, como señor de Austrasia.El cisma de Bizancio obligó al Papado a aliarse con el rey de los francos. El nuevo Papa, Esteban II (sucesor de Zacarías muerto en 752) pide ayuda militar para luchar contra los lombardos y su Rey Astolfo (o Astolf), que amenazan a Roma. Si el Papa Esteban se decide a atravesar los Alpes para solicitar la ayuda del rey de los francos (es la primera vez que un Papa emprende semejante viaje), es porque no tiene otra elección. El protector habitual de la Iglesia es el Emperador bizantino que gobierna en Constantinopla bajo el Imperio romano de Oriente, pero éste se encuentra en precarias condiciones y no tiene posibilidad de concurrir en auxilio del papado.

El 6 de enero, en el palacio de Ponthion, en el sur de Champaña, el rey Pipino se postra delante del Papa Esteban II y, con suma deferencia, toma la brida de su caballo, reproduciendo el mismo gesto elegante del emperador Constantino I el Grande ante el Papa Silvestre I. Fue un acto político muy hábil. Esteban II le propone a Pipino una alianza asegurándole una segunda consagración, realizada por él mismo, la "gracia divina" para el rey de los francos y para sus hijos. El acuerdo definitivo se pacta el 14 de abril en Quierzy-sur-Oise, en el norte de París. En tanto que el Papa aporta su apoyo espiritual a Pipino, este último se compromete a ofrecer a la Santa Sede un dominio lo suficientemente grande como para que pueda preservarle de toda agresión.

El domingo 28 de julio de 754, en la basílica de Saint Dennis, el Papa Esteban II consagra a Pipino y le confiere los títulos de Rey de los Francos y Patricio de los romanos (Patricius Romanorum). Los hijos y herederos de Pipino, Carlomán y Carlos, también son consagrados en la misma ceremonia, al igual que su madre Berta. El Papa establece, por medio de este acto, un estrecho lazo de continuidad entre la unción realizada a los reyes del Antiguo Testamento y los reyes de la nueva dinastía. Esta consagración pone fin, oficialmente, a la dinastía merovingia y legaliza el advenimiento de los Carolingios al poder.

Asegurando el reinado de Pipino III sobre los francos y consagrándole el mismo como tal, el Papa ha marcado las distancias con el emperador de Bizancio. La Santa Sede se somete, a partir de ahora y para su seguridad, a los soberanos francos. Es el principio de una larga colaboración, aunque a menudo tormentosa, con los Carolingios y sus lejanos herederos del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico. Y como consecuencia de esta consagración, la legitimidad del rey de los francos, a veces de "derecho divino", no dependerá exclusivamente de los señores francos electores del rey. Pipino se considera, sin embargo, el primer rey por la voluntad de Dios y el principio de este reinado de "derecho divino" durará en Francia sin interrupción durante ciento once años.

Pipino no puede, por tanto, rehusar la petición del Papa. Nuevo "David" y primer rey cristiano, por la "gracia de Dios", está obligado a cumplir con el Papa Esteban II (en tanto que hijo amado de la Iglesia, tomando la defensa de su Santa Madre) y a romper su alianza con los lombardos. El envío de una delegación el 14 de octubre de 754 para calmar a los lombardos en sus reivindicaciones, no surtirá efecto; y en 755 Pipino lanza contra ellos una primera expedición de la que sale victorioso. Pero al año siguiente, los lombardos ponen sitio a Roma. Por tanto, de 756 a 758 deberá lanzar Pipino tres campañas contra ellos hasta conseguir echarlos hasta las cercanías de Rávena.

Al final de estas expediciones, Pipino el Breve acude a entregar al Papa los territorios conquistados: veintidós ciudades de la Italia central, Ravena, Perusa y las provincias de Emilia-Romagna y de la Pentacole se unen a Roma, formándose así el nuevo Estado Pontificio. No obstante, Pipino, tras esta victoria, multiplicará sus esfuerzos diplomáticos para intentar restablecer la concordia entre los lombardos y Roma.

Durante su reinado, Pipino consiguió devolver el orden en su reino:

* Con los grandes señores, obtuvo su vasallaje por medio de juramentos de fidelidad

* Logró expulsar definitivamente a los árabes de la Septimania, provincia del reino franco, tras la toma de Narbona en el 759.

* Recuperó la Aquitania tras una larga serie de batallas contra Gaifier, duque de Aquitania, de 761 a 768.

No obstante, deberá continuar luchando para asegurar su autoridad en las fronteras, especialmente en Germania donde, después de la abdicación de Carlomán en 747, tuvo que enfrentarse con su hermanastro Grifon, hijo ilegítimo de Carlos Martel, que se había hecho reconocer como duque de Baviera. Una vez vencido, fue nombrado duque del Meno, marca creada por él; fue la manera de alejarlo de los bávaros y disuadirle de cualquier revuelta. Pero, desgraciadamente, se enfrentó a los lombardos y fue asesinado.

En 754-755, Pipino inicia una reforma monetaria con la adopción del denario de plata en 755 e instaurando el diezmo en 756. El Edicto de Ver fue una primera tentativa de uniformar el peso y el aspecto del denario de plata franco, pero la marca de la autoridad real no figura sistemáticamente en la moneda hasta la llegada de Carlomagno, a partir de 793.

Murió el 24 de septiembre de 768 en Saint-Denis, tras haber repartido el reino, siguiendo la vieja costumbre franca, entre sus dos hijos Carlos I (el futuro Carlomagno) y Carlomán. Fue enterrado en la abadía de Saint-Denis, donde también reposan su hijo Carlomán, muerto en 771, y su esposa Bertrada, fallecida en 783.

--------------------

Familj med Bertrada av Leon (720 - 783)

Barn:

Karl (Charlemagne) 'den store' av Frankerna (742 - 814)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Noteringar

Pippin den lille blev major domus i rikets västra del år 741 och i hela riket år 747. Han störtade den siste merovingerkungen, Kilderik III och blev själv kung år 751. Han ordnade de kaotiska förhållanden som rått under yngre merovingertid, krigade framgångsrikt mot langobarderna och bidrog till grundandet av Kyrkostaten. Hans verk fortsattes av sonen Karl den store.

Källa: Bra Böcker

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Källor

1) Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, Hull, England

--------------------

Pepin or Pippin (714 – 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III,[1] was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the father of Charlemagne.

He was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and of Rotrude of Trier (690–724).

Pimpin's father, Charles Martel, died in 741. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother, Carloman, his surviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria. Grifo, Charles's son by his second wife, Swanahild (also known as Swanhilde), demanded a share in the inheritance, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers.

As in the Frankish realm the unity of the kingdom was essentially connected with the person of the king, Carloman, to secure this unity raised the Merovingian Childeric to the throne (743). In 747 he resolved to enter a monastery. This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pepin of Heristal.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Pepin put down the renewed revolt led by his half-brother and succeeded in completely restoring the boundaries of the kingdom.

Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel the dux et princeps Francorum were the commanders of the armies of the kingdom, in addition to their administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Charles Martel had begun maintaining year-round since Toulouse in 721.

Pepin was subject to the decisions of Childric who had only the title of King but no power. Childric was considered a joke by the people. Since Pepin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of the king, he now addressed to Pope Zachary the suggestive question: In regard to the kings of the Franks who no longer possess the royal power, is this state of things proper? Hard pressed by the Lombards, Pope Zacharias welcomed this advance of the Franks which aimed at ending an intolerable condition of things, and at laying the constitutional foundations for the exercise of the royal power. The pope replied that such a state of things was not proper. The de facto power is more important than the de jure power.

After this decision the throne was declared vacant. The crown was given him not by the pope but by the Franks. According to the ancient custom Pepin was then elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish leading-men, with a large portion of his army on hand (in the event that the nobility inclined not to honor the Papal bull), and anointed at Soissons, by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, who, along with his niece, Saint Leoba, was a court advisor. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean de Maurienne in 753. Childeric III was deposed, his hair shaved off and he was confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians.

Pepin added to his power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint him in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman.

Pepin the Short's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had a policy of expansion into the ducatus Romanum, as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church and confirmed the papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin whereby the Papal States was founded.[2] In 759, he drove the Saracens out of Gaul with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by integrating Aquitaine into the kingdom.

Pepin died during a campaign and was brought to Saint Denis to be buried near the saint in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada. Pepin was buried "outside that entrance [of Saint Denis Basilica] according to his wishes, face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel".[3]

The Frankish realm was fractioned according to salic law between his two sons: Charlemagne and Carloman I.

Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its full army in wartime. He not only maintained his father's policy of containing the Moors, he drove them over and across the Pyrenees with the capture of Narbonne. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe.

His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people. It can certainly be argued that Pepin's assumption of the crown, and the title of Patrician of Rome, were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation which is usually seen as the founding of the Holy Roman Empire. He certainly made the Carolingians de jure what his father had made them de facto—the ruling dynasty of the Franks and the foremost power of Europe. While not known as a great general, he was undefeated during his lifetime.

--------------------

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_the_Short

--------------------

Pepin or Pippin (714 – 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III, was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the father of Charlemagne.

He was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and of Rotrude of Trier (690–724).

Assumption of power

Pepin's father, Charles Martel, died in 741. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother, Carloman, his surviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria. Grifo, Charles's son by his second wife, Swanahild (also known as Swanhilde), demanded a share in the inheritance, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers.

As in the Frankish realm the unity of the kingdom was essentially connected with the person of the king, Carloman, to secure this unity raised the Merovingian Childeric to the throne (743). In 747 he resolved to enter a monastery. This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pepin of Heristal.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Pepin put down the renewed revolt led by his half-brother and succeeded in completely restoring the boundaries of the kingdom.

Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel the dux et princeps Francorum were the commanders of the armies of the kingdom, in addition to their administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Charles Martel had begun maintaining year-round since Toulouse in 721.

First Carolingian king

Pepin was subject to the decisions of Childric who had only the title of King but no power. Childric was considered a joke by the people. Since Pepin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of the king, he now addressed to Pope Zachary the suggestive question: In regard to the kings of the Franks who no longer possess the royal power, is this state of things proper? Hard pressed by the Lombards, Pope Zacharias welcomed this advance of the Franks which aimed at ending an intolerable condition of things, and at laying the constitutional foundations for the exercise of the royal power. The pope replied that such a state of things was not proper. The de facto power is more important than the de jure power.

After this decision the throne was declared vacant. The crown was given him not by the pope but by the Franks. According to the ancient custom Pepin was then elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish leading-men, with a large portion of his army on hand (in the event that the nobility inclined not to honor the Papal bull), and anointed at Soissons, by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, who, along with his niece, Saint Leoba, was a court advisor. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean de Maurienne in 753. Childeric III was deposed, his hair shaved off and he was confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians.

Expansion of the Frankish realm

Pepin added to his power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint him in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman.

Pepin the Short's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had a policy of expansion into the ducatus Romanum, as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church and confirmed the papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin whereby the Papal States was founded. In 759, he drove the Saracens out of Gaul with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by integrating Aquitaine into the kingdom. In taking Narbonne, and formally annexing Aquitaine (whose status was always dependent on the strength of her suzerains), he completed the work of his father save for one last task: fully subduing the Saxons. He was preparing for war against them when his health began to fail, and thus, this final task was left for his son, the great Charlemagne.

Legacy

Pepin died during a campaign and was brought to Saint Denis to be buried near the saint in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada. Pepin was buried "outside that entrance [of Saint Denis Basilica] according to his wishes, face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel".

The Frankish realm was fractioned according to salic law between his two sons: Charlemagne and Carloman I.

Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its full army in wartime. He not only maintained his father's policy of containing the Moors, he drove them over and across the Pyrenees with the capture of Narbonne. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe.

His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people. It can certainly be argued that Pepin's assumption of the crown, and the title of Patrician of Rome, were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation which is usually seen as the founding of the Holy Roman Empire. He certainly made the Carolingians de jure what his father had made them de facto—the ruling dynasty of the Franks and the foremost power of Europe. While not known as a great general, he was undefeated during his lifetime.

Family

In 741, Pepin married Bertrada of Laon, Her father, Charibert, was the son of Pepin II's brother, Martin of Laon. They are known to have had eight children, at least three of whom survived to adulthood:

Charles (2 April 742 – 28 January 814), (Charles the Great)

Carloman (751 – 4 December 771)

Gisela (757–810)

Pepin, died in infancy.

Chrothais, died young, buried Metz.

Adelais, died young, buried Metz.

Two unnamed daughters

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippin_the_Short

--------------------

Pepin (714 – 24 September 768), called le Bref ("the Short"), also known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III,[1] was the Mayor of the Palace and dux et princeps Francorum (Duke of the Franks, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pepin of Heristal) from 741, and King of the Franks from 752 to 768.[2][3] He was the father of Charlemagne.

He was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and of Rotrude of Trier (690–724).

Contents [hide]

1 Assumption of power

2 First Carolingian king

3 Expansion of the Frankish realm

4 Legacy

5 Family

6 Notes

[edit]Assumption of power

Coronation in 752 of Pépin the Short by Pope Zachary.

Pepin's father Charles Martel died in 741. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother, Carloman, his surviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria. Grifo, Charles's son by his second wife, Swanahild (also known as Swanhilde), demanded a share in the inheritance, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers.

In the Frankish realm the unity of the kingdom was essentially connected with the person of the king. So Carloman, to secure this unity, raised the Merovingian Childeric to the throne (743). Then in 747 Carloman resolved to enter a monastery. This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Pepin put down the renewed revolt led by his half-brother and succeeded in completely restoring the boundaries of the kingdom.

Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel, the dux et princeps Francorum was the commander of the armies of the kingdom, in addition to his administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Charles Martel had begun maintaining year-round since Toulouse in 721.

Denier of Pepin, Troyes. The "R" is for rex (king) and the "P" is for Pepin.

[edit]First Carolingian king

Pepin was subject to the decisions of Childeric III who had only the title of King but no power. Childeric was considered a joke by the people. Since Pepin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of the king, he now addressed to Pope Zachary a suggestive question.

In regard to the kings of the Franks who no longer possess the royal power: is this state of things proper?

Hard pressed by the Lombards, Pope Zachary welcomed this move by the Franks to end an intolerable condition and lay the constitutional foundations for the exercise of the royal power. The Pope replied that such a state of things is not proper: the de facto power is more important than the de jure power.

After this decision the throne was declared vacant. Childeric III was deposed and confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians.

According to ancient custom, Pepin was then elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish nobles, with a large portion of his army on hand (in case the nobility inclined not to honor the Papal bull). He was anointed at Soissons by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, who was a court advisor, along with his niece, Saint Leoba. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne in 753.

[edit]Expansion of the Frankish realm

Pepin added to his power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint him in a lavish ceremony at the Basilica of St Denis, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans) and is the first recorded crowning of a civil ruler by a Pope. As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman.

Pepin's first major act as King was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had expanded into the ducatus Romanum. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church. He confirmed the Papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin whereby the Papal States was founded and the temporal reign of the Papacy began.[4] In 759, he captured Narbonne from Iberian Muslim invaders and drove them out of France. He then consolidated his power further by integrating Aquitaine into the kingdom. In taking Narbonne, and formally annexing Aquitaine (whose status was always dependent on the strength of her suzerains), he completed the work of his father save for one last task: fully subduing the Saxons. He was preparing for war against them when his health began to fail, and thus, this final task was left for his son, the great Charlemagne.

[edit]Legacy

Pepin died during a campaign, in 768. He was interred at the Basilica of Saint Denis, to be near the saint. Pepin was buried "outside that entrance according to his wishes, face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel". [5] His wife Bertrada was also interred there in 783.

The Frankish realm was divided according to the Salic law between his two sons: Charlemagne and Carloman I.

Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its full army in wartime. He not only contained the Iberian Muslims as his father had, he drove them out of the country. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe.

His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people. It can certainly be argued that Pepin's assumption of the crown, and the title of Patrician of Rome, were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation which is usually seen as the founding of the Holy Roman Empire. He certainly made the Carolingians de jure what his father had made them de facto—the ruling dynasty of the Franks and the foremost power of Europe. While not known as a great general, he was undefeated during his lifetime.

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b. c. 714

d. Sept. 24, 768, Saint-Denis, Neustria [now in France]

by name PEPIN THE SHORT, French PÉPIN LE BREF, German PIPPIN DER KURZE,the first king of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty and the father of Charlemagne. A son of Charles Martel, Pepin became sole de facto ruler ofthe Franks in 747 and then, on the deposition of Childeric III in 751, king of the Franks. He was the first Frankish king to be anointed--first by St. Boniface and later (754) by Pope Stephen II.

Background and kingship.

For years the Merovingian kings had been unable to prevent power from slipping from their hands into those of the counts and other magnates.The kings were gradually eclipsed by the mayors of the palace, whose status developed from that of officer of the household to regent or viceroy. Among the mayors, a rich family descended from Pepin of Landen(Pepin I) held a position of especial importance. When Charles Martel,the scion of that family, died in 741, he left two sons: the elder,Carloman, mayor of Austrasia, Alemannia, and Thuringia, and Pepin III, mayor of Neustria, Burgundy, and Provence. No king had ruled over all the Franks since 737, but to maintain the fiction of Merovingian sovereignty,the two mayors gave the crown to Childeric III in 743.

Charles had had a third son, however--Grifo, who had been born to him by a Bavarian woman of high rank, probably his mistress. In 741, when his two brothers were declared mayors of the Franks, Grifo rebelled. He led a number of revolts in subsequent years and was several times imprisoned.In 753 he was killed amid the Alpine pa

mayordomo de palacio de Borgoña (741), de Neustria (741) y de Austrasia (747), rey de los Francos (751).

El último rey merovingio Childerico III, fue encerrado en un monasterio por Pipino el Breve en 751. Pipino pide al Papa Zacarías que le reconozca como soberano del reino franco. Se trata de una usurpación y de un golpe de Estado, legitimado por los historiadores de la dinastía carolingia , en particular por Eginhard. Pipino es proclamado rey en 751, más tarde es consagrado en San Denis en 754. De este modo nace la dinastía carolingia. Su hijo, Carlomagno, asumió incluso un mayor poder que su padre al ser coronado como Emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico, convirtiéndose en una de las más grandes figuras en la historia de Francia y Alemania

1 NAME the Short //
2 GIVN the Short
2 SURN
2 NICK the Short

1 NAME Pepin "The Short" III King of the /Carolingians/ 1 BIRT 2 DATE 714 2 PLAC Austrasia, Lorraine, France 1 DEAT 2 DATE 24 SEP 768 2 PLAC St. Denis, Ile De France, France

[De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: RC 171, 214; A. Roots 50; NEHGR, v99; Collins; Carolingian Ancestry; AF.
Roots: Pepin the Short, first king of the Franks of the second race, 751-768. RC: Pepin "the Short," Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, King of the Franks. Collins: Pepin the Short (Pepin le Bref). Mayor of the Palace 741-751. King of the Franks 751-768.
Carolingian: Pepin the Short, King of the Franks, died 768. No wife listed.

The Carolingians descend from Pepin the Short.

Pepin or Pippin (714 – 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III,[1] was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the father of Charlemagne.

He was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and of Rotrude of Trier (690-724).

180px-Pippin_the_younger
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=73ba20f0-63f2-4fb0-b43f-469fe24a1c63&tid=3577066&pid=-1714611686

1 NAME the Short //
2 GIVN the Short
2 SURN
2 NICK the Short

1 NAME Pepin "The Short" III King of the /Carolingians/ 1 BIRT 2 DATE 714 2 PLAC Austrasia, Lorraine, France 1 DEAT 2 DATE 24 SEP 768 2 PLAC St. Denis, Ile De France, France

[De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: RC 171, 214; A. Roots 50; NEHGR, v99; Collins; Carolingian Ancestry; AF.
Roots: Pepin the Short, first king of the Franks of the second race, 751-768. RC: Pepin "the Short," Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, King of the Franks. Collins: Pepin the Short (Pepin le Bref). Mayor of the Palace 741-751. King of the Franks 751-768.
Carolingian: Pepin the Short, King of the Franks, died 768. No wife listed.

The Carolingians descend from Pepin the Short.

_P_CCINFO 1-2782

_P_CCINFO 1-7369

Pippin III "den lille"Pepin the Short, King of the Franks {pep'-in} Pepin, also known as Pepin III, c.714-68, was the first Carolingian king of the Franks (rex francorum ) and the father of CHARLEMAGNE. Pepin and his brother Carloman succeeded (741) their father, CHARLES MARTEL, as mayors of the palace; during the next six years they crushed a half dozen serious revolts in Bavaria, Alamannia, Saxony, and Aquitaine. With the realm at peace Carloman entered a monastery (747). Three years later Pepin altered the long-standing pro-Lombard policy of his family and arranged with Pope Zacharias to support the papacy in return for papal sanction of Carolingian usurpation of the Frankish kingship. Thus Pepin deposed (751) King Childeric III and was anointed king of the Franks. To preserve his bond with the papacy, Pepin crushed the Lombards when they threatened Rome (754, 756). He ceded conquered territories to the pope (the Donation of Pepin), thus establishing the basis for the PAPAL STATES. Pepin also crushed revolts in Saxony (748, 753) and Bavaria (749) and conquered Aquitaine. He was succeeded by his sons, Charlemagne and Carloman. Bernard S. Bachrach Bibliography: Fichteneau, Heinrich, The Carolingian Empire, trans. by Peter Munz (1957); Wallace-Hadrill, J. M., The Barbarian West, 400-1000, 3d ed. (1967)

from Wikipedia
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=61453357-4f68-44c9-9224-008f9c996f46&tid=6650027&pid=-1119530806

Pippin_the_younger
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=37d17b0e-60b2-4d54-bdff-95b1c6a697ee&tid=6650027&pid=-1119530806

Pepin III
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=031ff6b7-17b4-4bb9-87c3-bbb66bd41653&tid=261097&pid=-1975727740

Pepin III "The Short" King Of FRANKS
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=790a80dc-1885-4be0-8dfd-e27c554dce4c&tid=261097&pid=-1975727740

AFN:9GCB-4G

Geboren in 714 - Jupille aan de Maas Gestorven op 24 september 768 - Paris , leeftijd bij overlijden: 54 jaar oud

Maggiordomo di Palazzo d'Austrasia (741-747).
Monaco di Monte Cassino.

!Name is; Pepin "The Short", King of The /FRANKS/

-when his father died in 741, Pepin III and his brother Carloman succeeded as jointMayors of the Palace of Austrasia. In 746, Carloman abdicated and became a monk, leaving Pepin to rule all ofAustrasia on his own.

In 750, Pepin received papal permission from Pope Zachary to take the Frankish crownfrom King Childeric III. In 751, Zachary formerly deposed Childeric, and Pepin became the first Caroliginian king ofthe Franks. In 753, Pope Stephen went to Gaul to affirm Pepin's crown. In 755, on Stephen's wishes, Pepin attacked theLombards of Italy who were harrasing the Roman See, and peace was made. The next year, the Lombard king again maraudednear Rome, was again defeated, and again made peace with Pepin. That year, Pepin promised the Church Frankishprotection, thus breaking ties with the Eastern Empire that were only needed for Italian safety. In 760, Pepin andDuke Waifar of independent Aquitaine started a war which lasted many years.

In 764, both sides were tired, and the war took a one year break. Pepin launched a final campaign againstAquitaine in 766 with full force, Aquitaine was defeated, and Waifar and his family were executed. By 768, the yearPepin died, Aquitaine had been completely conquered.

Pepin III (also called Pippin, or Pepin the Short) (died 768), first Carolingian king of the Franks, son ofCharles Martel and father of Charlemagne
For more information see the Our Folk - Hart family Web Site

from "Our Folk" by Albert D Hart, Jr.

!SOURCES:
1. Tab. Gen. Souv., France 22, Tab. III Ahnen zu Karl der Grossen Germ. FH 694, p. 28, 104
2. Americana, Am. Pub. F, v. 32, p. 582-83
3. Plantagenet Ancestry, Eng. 116, p. 38, 171
4. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 5
5. Betham's Gen. Tab., Eng. 133, Tab. 253
6. Anderson's Royal Gen., Eng. 132, p. 450, 616
7. Italy and Her Invaders, Italy 1, v. 7
!RESEARCH NOTES:
1. Only one of the sources above (Gen. Hist. 25) mentions Gertrude as a child of Pepin. Another source (France 24) is the only one suggesting a child by the name of Giles, & it in turn indicates there may be a question concerning the name.

Pippin the Short
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=2f6d1c94-ae72-47fc-85ca-5f6433d38495&tid=8764362&pid=-863178541

--Other Fields

Ref Number: 253

[large-G675.FTW]

Pepin 'The Short', King Of The Franks founded the Carolingian dynasty.Like his father, grandfather, and great-great-grandfather, Pepin servedas mayor of the palace in the Merovingian kingdom in France and Germany.In each case, the mayor was the power behind the throne. In 751, anassembly of the Franks deposed Childeric, the last of the weakMerovingian kings, and proclaimed Pepin king. Pope Stephen II, who ruledRome, asked Pepin for help against the Lombard king, Pepin sent his armyto save Rome. The Lombards had captured Ravenna. Pepin recaptured thecity and much of the nearby territory, known as 'the Donation of Pepin,'helped build the political power of the pope. Pepin added Aquitaine tohis own kingdom, and began many important religious and educationalreforms. His son Charlemagne, carried on these reforms.

Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, P245 'Royalty forCommoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 129.
'Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists ...', Frederick LewisWeis, 1993, p cvi.

Nickname "The Short."

LDS-FHC (AFN: GS51-JJ) Birth: 714, Austrasia

From THE RUFUS PARKS PEDIGREE by Brian J.L. Berry, pg 62, chart pg 55 & 61.

Page 62:

13. PÉPIN III the Short, 714-24 Sept. 768; Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia, first King of the Franks "of the Second Race" (Carolingians) 751-68. PÉPIN was the younger of two sons between whom CHARLES MARTEL divided his succession 741. At first PÉPIN and his brother Carloman kept up the pretense of Merovingian superiority, putting Childeric on the throne. Carloman however retired to a monastery in 747, leaving PEPIN in sole control. Later Pope Zacharias agreed to PÉPIN's proposal for the deposition of Childeric in PÉPIN's favor. He was anointed with his wife BERTA BROADFOOT by St. Boniface at Soissons between 31 Oct. 751 and 23 Jan. 752-- a new ceremony in Gaul. He was anointed again with sons CHARLES and Carloman at St. Denis 28 July 754, by Pope Stephen III, and proclaimed Patrician of the Romans, a signal honor. He restored to the Abbey of St. Denis 41 Properties which his father had taken from it. In 763 he acted as mediator between the Lombard King Desderius and Pope Paul I. He fought at various times against the Muslims, the Frisians, the Saxons and the Dukedom of Aquitaine. He won the latter by having its ruler, Duke Waifer, assassinated. Though short in stature, PÉPIN was robust; chroniclers have written epic tales about his fire and audacity. He d. at St. Denis and was bur. there with his wife BERTA. There tomb effigies may be seen today.

Source: "Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists" by Frederick Lewis Weis.

Page 55 line (50-12) and
Page 159 line (190-12):

12. Pépin The Short, b. 714, d. 768, Mayor of the palace; deposed the last of the Fainéant (Merovingian) king and became himself the first king of the Franks of the second race, 751-768; m. Bertha, d. 783, dau. of Count Canbert of Laon.

Pepino ou Pepino o Moço (? c. 714, Jupille-sur-Meuse † 24 de Setembro de 768, Saint-Denis), freqüentemente conhecido por um erro de tradução como Pepino o Breve ou pelo ordinal Pepino III, foi o rei dos francos de 751 a 768 e é mais conhecido por ter sido o pai de Carlos Magno e filho de Carlos Martelo.

Nasceu por volta de 714 em Jupille, próximo a Liège, no que hoje é a Bélgica, onde a dinastia carolíngia se originou. Aquele território era então parte do reino da Austrásia. Seu pai foi Carlos Martel, prefeito do palácio e duque dos francos, e sua mãe foi Rotrude de Trèves.

Pepin 'The Short', King of The Franks founded the Carolingian dynasty.Like his father, grandfather, and great-great-grandfather, Pepin servedas mayor of the palace in the Merovingian kingdom in France and Germany.In each case, the mayor was the power behind the throne. In 751, anassembly of the Franks deposed Childeric, the last of the weakMerovingian kings, and proclaimed Pepin king. Pope Stephen II, who ruledRome, asked Pepin for help against the Lombard king, Pepin sent his armyto save Rome. The Lombards had captured Ravenna. Pepin recaptured thecity and much of the nearby territory, known as 'the Donation of Pepin,'helped build the political power of the pope. Pepin added Aquitaine tohis own kingdom, and began many important religious and educationalreforms. His son Charlemagne, carried on these reforms.

Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, P245 'Royalty forCommoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 129. 'Ancestral Roots of CertainAmerican Colonists ...', Frederick Lewis Weis, 1993, p cvi.

Pepin III "The Short" of the Franks, King of Franks

Born: 715
Acceded: 751
Died: 24 SEP 768, St. Denis

Father: Martel, Charles, "The Hammer" of Franks, Mayor of Palace,Austrasia, b. 676

Mother: Chrotrud

Married 740 to Bertrada II of Laon

Child 1: Charlemagne Emperor of the West, King of Franks, b. 2 APR 742
Child 2: Carloman of the Franks, King of Franks, b. ABT 751
Child 3: Gisela of Chelles, Abbess of Chelles
Child 4: Pippin

http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal03025

RESEARCH NOTES:
King of the Franks

!SOURCES:
1. Tab. Gen. Souv., France 22, Tab. III Ahnen zu Karl der Grossen Germ. FH 694, p. 28, 104
2. Americana, Am. Pub. F, v. 32, p. 582-83
3. Plantagenet Ancestry, Eng. 116, p. 38, 171
4. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 5
5. Betham's Gen. Tab., Eng. 133, Tab. 253
6. Anderson's Royal Gen., Eng. 132, p. 450, 616
7. Italy and Her Invaders, Italy 1, v. 7
!RESEARCH NOTES:
1. Only one of the sources above (Gen. Hist. 25) mentions Gertrude as a child of Pepin. Another source (France 24) is the only one suggesting a child by thename of Giles, & it in turn indicates there may be a question concerning the name.

Nâe áa Jupille en Austrasie, Pâepin le Bref est le petit-fils de Pâepin de Herstal et un des fils de Charles Martel, tous deux maires du palais d'Austrasie sous les rois mâerovingiens. A la mort de
son páere, en 741, il partage le pouvoir avec son fráere Carloman et deviens maire du palais de Neustrie et de Bourgogne.
En 743, pour mettre fin áa une râevolte qui avait âeclatâe, les deux fráeres râetablissent un roi mâerovingiens, Childâeric III, mettant fin áa un interrráegne, qui durait depuis 737. Mais en 751, avec
l'approbation du pape, il fait enfermer ce roi (le dernier des mâerovingien) dans une abbaye et se fait âelire roi áa sa place par les Grands du royaume et sacrer par les âevãeques.
C'est la câerâemonie du sacre, renouvelâee áa Saint-Denis par le pape Etienne II en 754, qui confáere áa la dynastie des Carolingiens, une "lâegitimitâe" et un "pouvoir divin". Elle consacrel'alliance
entre la papautâe et la royautâe franque.
Pâepin le Bref meurt en 768, son royaume est partagâe entre ses deux fils, Charlemagne et Carloman.
CdBdM

Hofmeier van Neustrië in 741; hofmeier van het gehele Frankische rijk (vanaf 747).
Uitgeroepen door de verzamelde edelen op de rijksdag te Soissons in 751 tot koning der Franken. Daarna hebben de aanwezige bisschoppen, onder wie Bonifatius, de nieuwe koning naar oud-testamentisch voorbeeld gezalfd.
Patricius Romanorum, gezalfd door paus Stefanus II in St. Denis op 28-07-753.
Mayor of the Palace of the whole Frankish kingdom (both Austrasia and Neustria), and later King of the Franks; born 714; died at St. Denis, 24 September, 768. He was the son of Charles Martel. Pepin and his older brother Carloman were taught by the monks of St. Denis, and the impressions received during their monastic education had a controlling influence upon the relations of both princes to the Church. When the father died in 741 the two brothers began to reign jointly but not without strong opposition, for Griffon, the son of Charles Martel and the Bavarian Sonnichilde, demanded a share in the government. Moreover, the Duke of the Aquitanians and the Duke of the Alamannians thought this a favourable opportunity to throw off the Frankish supremacy. The young kings were repeatedly involved in war, but all their opponents, including the Bavarians and Saxons, were defeated and the unity of the kingdom re-established. As early as 741 Carloman had entered upon his epoch-making relations with St. Boniface, to whom was now opened a new field of labour, the reformation of the Frankish Church. On 21 April, 742, Boniface was present at a Frankish synod presided over by Carloman at which important reforms were decreed. As in the Frankish realm the unity of the kingdom was essentially connected with the person of the king, Carloman to secure this unity raised the Merovingian Childeric to the throne (743). In 747 he resolved to enter a monastery. The danger, which up to this time had threatened the unity of the kingdom from the division of power between the two brothers, was removed, and at the same time the way was prepared for the deposing of the last Merovingian and for the crowning of Pepin. The latter put down the renewed revolt led by his step-brother Griffon, and succeeded in completely restoring the boundaries of the kingdom. Pepin now addressed to the Pope the suggestive question: In regard to the kings o the Franks who no longer possess the royal power, is this state of things proper? Hard pressed by the Lombards, Pope Zacharias welcomed this advance of the Franks which aimed at ending an intolerable condition of things, and at laying the constitutional foundations for the exercise of the royal power. The pope replied that such a state of things was not proper. After this decision the place Pepin desired to occupy was declared vacant. The crown was given him not by the pope but by the Franks. According to the ancient custom Pepin was then elected king and soon after this was anointed by Boniface. This consecration of the new kingdom by the head of the Church was intended to remove any doubt as to its legitimacy. On the contrary, the consciousness of having saved the Christian world from the Saracens produced, among the Franks, the feeling that their kingdom owed its authority directly to God.
Still this external cooperation of the pope in the transfer of the kingdom to the Carolingians would necessarily enhance the importance of the Church. The relations between the two controlling powers of Christendom now rapidly developed. It was soon evident to what extent the alliance between Church and State was to check the decline of ecclesiastical and civil life; it made possible the conversion of the still heathen German tribes, and when that was accomplished provided an opportunity for both Church and State to recruit strength and to grow.
Ecclesiastical, political, and economic developments had made the popes lords of the ducatus Romanus. They laid before Pepin their claims to the central provinces of Italy, which had belonged to them before Liutprand's conquest. When Stephen II had a conference with King Pepin at Ponthion in January, 754, the pope implored his assistance against his oppressor the Lombard King Aistulf, and begged for the same protection for the prerogatives of St. Peter which the Byzantine exarchs had extended to them, to which the king agreed, and in the charter establishing the States of the Church, soon after given at Quiercy, he promised to restore these prerogatives. The Frankish king received the title of the former representative of the Byzantine Empire in Italy, i.e. "Patricius", and was also assigned the duty of protecting the privileges of the Holy See. When Stephen II performed the ceremony of anointing Pepin and his son at St. Denis, it was St. Peter who was regarded as the mystical giver of the secular power, but the emphasis thus laid upon the religious character of political law left vague the legal relations between pope and king. After the acknowledgment of his territorial claims the pope was in reality a ruling sovereign, but he had placed himself under the protection of the Frankish ruler and had sworn that he and his people would be true to the king. Thus his sovereignty was limited from the very start as regards what was external to his domain. The connection between Rome and the Frankish kingdom involved Pepin during the years 754-56 in war with the Lombard King Aistulf, who was forced to return to the Church the territory he had illegally held. Pepin's commanding position in the world of his time was permanently secured when he took Septimania from the Arabs. Another particularly important act was his renewed overthrow of the rebellion in Aquitaine which was once more made a part of the kingdom. He was not so fortunate in his campaigns against the Saxons and Bavarians. He could do no more than repeatedly attempt to protect the boundaries of the kingdom against the incessantly restless Saxons. Bavaria remained an entirely independent State and advanced in civilization under Duke Tassilo. Pepin's activity in war was accompanied by a widely extended activity in the internal affairs of the Frankish kingdom, his main object being the reform of legislation and internal affairs, especially of ecclesiastical conditions. He continued the ecclesiastical reforms commenced by St. Boniface. In doing this Pepin demanded an unlimited authority over the Church. He himself wished to be the leader of the reforms. However, although St. Boniface changed nothing by his reformatory labours in the ecclesiastico-political relations that had developed in the Frankish kingdom upon the basis of the Germanic conception of the State, nevertheless he had placed the purified and united Frankish Church more definitely under the control of the papal see than had hitherto been the case. From the time of St. Boniface the Church was more generally acknowledged by the Franks to be the mystical power appointed by God. When he deposed the last of the Merovingians Pepin was also obliged to acknowledge the increased authority of the Church by calling upon it for moral support.
Consequently the ecclesiastical supremacy of the Frankish king over the Church of his country remained externally undiminished. Nevertheless by his life-work Pepin had powerfully aided the authority of the Church and with it the conception of ecclesiastical unity. He was buried at St. Denis where he died. He preserved the empire created by Clovis from the destruction that menaced it; he was able to overcome the great danger arising from social conditions that threatened the Frankish kingdom, by opposing to the unruly lay nobility the ecclesiastical aristocracy that had been strengthened by the general reform. When he died the means had been created by which his greater son could solve the problems of the empire. Pepin's policy marked out the tasks to which Charlemagne devoted himself: quieting the Saxons, the subjection of the duchies and lastly, the regulation of the ecclesiastical question and with it that of Italy.
FRANZ KAMPERS. Transcribed by Michael C. Tinkler, from the Catholic Encyclopedia

PEPIN THE SHORT, French PÉPIN LE BREF, German PIPPIN DER KURZE (b. 71 4 --d. Sept. 24, 768, Saint-Denis, Neustria [now in France]), the fir s t king of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty and the father of Charlem ag ne. A son of Charles Martel, Pepin became sole de facto ruler of th e F ranks in 747 and then, on the deposition of Childeric III in 751 , kin g of the Franks. He was the first Frankish king to be anointed-- firs t by St. Boniface and later (754) by Pope Stephen II. For years t he Me rovingian kings had been unable to prevent power from slipping f rom th eir hands into those of the counts and other magnates. The king s wer e gradually eclipsed by the mayors of the palace, whose status d evelop ed from that of officer of the household to regent or viceroy . Among t he mayors, a rich family descended from Pepin of Landen (Pep in I) hel d a position of especial importance. When Charles Martel, th e scion o f that family, died in 741, he left two sons: the elder, Car loman, may or of Austrasia, Alemannia, and Thuringia, and Pepin III, m ayor of Neu stria, Burgundy, and Provence. No king had ruled over al l the Franks s ince 737, but to maintain the fiction of Merovingian so vereignty, th e two mayors gave the crown to Childeric III in 743. (se e also Index : Merovingian dynasty) Charles had had a third son, howev er-- Grifo, w ho had been born to him by a Bavarian woman of high rank , probably hi s mistress. In 741, when his two brothers were declare d mayors of th e Franks, Grifo rebelled. He led a number of revolts i n subsequent yea rs and was several times imprisoned. In 753 he was ki lled amid the Alp ine passes on his way to join the Lombards, at thi s time enemies of th e Franks as well as of the papacy. Numerous othe r rebellions broke out . In 742 men of the Aquitaine and Alemannia wer e in revolt; in 743 Odi lo, duke of Bavaria, led his men into battle ; in 744 the Saxons rebell ed, in 745 Aquitaine, and in 746 Alemannia , both the latter for the se cond time. In 747, when Carloman decide d to enter monastic life at Rom e, a step he had been considering fo r years, Pepin became sole ruler o f the Franks. But Pepin was ambitio us to govern his people as king, no t merely as mayor. Like his father , he had courage and resolution; unl ike his father, he had a strong d esire to unite the papacy with the Fr ankish realm. In 750 he sent tw o envoys to Pope Zacharias with a lette r asking: "Is it wise to hav e kings who hold no power of control?" Th e pope answered: "It is bett er to have a king able to govern. By apost olic authority I bid that y ou be crowned King of the Franks." Childeri c III was deposed and sen t to a monastery, and Pepin was anointed as k ing at Soissons in Novem ber 751 by Archbishop Boniface and other prela tes. Pepin and Pope Ste phen II. The pope was in need of aid. Aistulf , king of the Lombards , had seized Ravenna with its lands, known as th e exarchate. Soon, Lo mbard troops marched south, surrounded Rome, an d prepared to lay sieg e to its walls. So matters stood when in 752 Zac harias died and Steph en II became pope. In November 753 Pope Stephen m ade his way over th e stormy mountain passes to Frankish territory. H e remained in Franc e until the summer of 754, staying at the abbey o f Saint-Denis, Paris . There he himself anointed Pepin and his sons, Ch arles and Carloman , as king and heirs of the crown. The pope returne d to Italy accompan ied by Pepin and his army. A fierce battle was foug ht in the Alps aga inst Aistulf and the Lombards. The Lombard king fle d back to his capi tal, Pavia; Pepin and his men plundered the land aro und Pavia until A istulf promised to restore to papal possession Ravenn a and all the Ro man properties claimed by the pope. Aistulf broke hi s word. Again an d again Pope Stephen wrote to Pepin of his difficultie s. In 756 the F rankish king once more entered Italy. Aistulf was onc e more constrain ed to make promises, but the same year he died--of a f all from his ho rse--and in April 757 a new king, Desiderius, became ru ler of the Lom bards. That year Stephen II also died, and Paul I was el ected pope. H e, too, constantly wrote to Pepin asking for help. But th e King of th e Franks had other concerns. He had to put down revolts i n Saxony i n 748 and 753 and a rising in Bavaria in 749. He was continu ally marc hing against rebellious Aquitaine. In 768 Pepin died at Saint -Denis , on his way back from one of his Aquitainian expeditions. Pepi n is r emembered not only as the first of the Carolingians but also a s a str ong supporter of the Roman Church. The papal claims to territor y in I taly originated with Pepin's campaigns against Aistulf and the l atter 's pledge to return the Roman territories. His letters also sho w hi m calling for archbishoprics in Frankish territory, promoting syno d s of clergy and layfolk, and as deeply interested in theology.

!SOURCES:
1. Tab. Gen. Souv., France 22, Tab. III Ahnen zu Karl der Grossen Germ. FH 694, p. 28, 104
2. Americana, Am. Pub. F, v. 32, p. 582-83
3. Plantagenet Ancestry, Eng. 116, p. 38, 171
4. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 5
5. Betham's Gen. Tab., Eng. 133, Tab. 253
6. Anderson's Royal Gen., Eng. 132, p. 450, 616
7. Italy and Her Invaders, Italy 1, v. 7

!RESEARCH NOTES:
1. Only one of the sources above (Gen. Hist. 25) mentions Gertrude as a child of Pepin. Another source (France 24) is the only one suggesting a child by thename of Giles, & it in turn indicates there may be a question concerning the name.

He was also mayor of the palace of Austrasia. He was mayor of the palace
during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52), the last of the
Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the
first king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II
(III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northern
Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754-55). He ceded to the pope
territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant, called the
Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States. Pepin
enlarged his own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in
southwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman and Charlemagne
as joint kings.

King Pepin III the Short of France

Kung över alla franker 751.

Pipin den yngre[1] (fransk: Pépin le Bref, nederlandsk: Pepijn de Korte og tysk: Pippin der Kleine, Pippin der Kurze eller Pippin der Jüngere) (714-24. september 768), ofte kjente under den oversettelsen Pipin den lille eller med rekketall Pipin III, var frankernes konge fra 751 til 768.

Veien til makten
Da Pipins far, Karl Martell, døde i 741, ble makten overført til Karls legitime sønner, Pipin og Karloman som rikshovmestere av henholdsvis Neustria og Austrasia. Karls uekte sønn, Grifo, ble fengslet i et kloster av sine to halvbrødre.

Karloman, som var en dypt religiøs mann, trakk seg tilbake til et kloster i 747. Dette etterlot Frankia i hendene til Pipin som enslig rikshovmester og dux et princeps Francorum, en tittel som oppstod med hans bestefar Pipin av Herstal. Under reorganiseringen til Karl Martell av Frankia, var dux et princeps Francorum kommandantene til kongedømmets arméer, i tillegg til deres administrative plikter som rikshovmestre og spesifikt kommandanter av den stående livvakten som Martell hadde begynt å opprettholde året rundt siden Toulouse i 721.

Da de tok makten insatte Pipin og Karloman som ikke hadde hevdet seg i slag til rikets forsvar slik deres far hadde, merovingerkongen Childerik III som konge, selv om Martell hadde etterlatt tronen tom siden Teoderik IVs død. Childerik hadde tittelen som konge, men han var en marionett. Ettersom tiden gikk, og hans bror forsvant ut av bildet, ble Pipin misfornøyd med nærværet av kongelig makt utover ham selv. Da Karloman trakk seg tilbake, flyktet Grifo fra sin varetekt og flyktet til hertug Odilo av Bayern som var gift med Hiltrude, Pipins søster. Odilo ble tvunget av Pipin til å anerkjenne frankisk overherredømme, men døde kort tid etterpå (18. januar 748). Pipin invaderte Bayern og innsatte Tassilo III som hertug under frankisk herredømme.

Første karolingerkonge
Siden Pipin hadde kontroll over magnatene og faktisk hadde kongens makt, bestemte han seg for at det var på tide å gjøre det som hans far aldri hadde brydd seg med: gjøre karlongernes navn kongelige i loven slik det allerede reelt sett var. Pipin spurte pave Sakarias om hvem som skulle være den kongelige herskeren: personen med tittelen konge eller personen som tok avgjørelsene til en konge. Paven var avhengig av frankernes arméer for sin uavhengighet og hadde vært avhengig av dem som beskyttelse mot langobardene siden Karl Martells dager. Pipin kontrollerte disse arméene som hans far hadde gjort, derfor var pavens svar avgjort på forhånd. Paven gikk med på at de facto-makt var viktigere enn de jure-makt.

På denne måten skaffet Pipin seg støtte fra paven og dempet dermed opposisjonen mot hans hus. Han ble valgt til frankernes konge av en forsamling av frankiske ledende menn. Han hadde en stor del av arméen for hånden, i tilfelle adelen ikke sluttet seg til den pavelige uttalelsen. Han ble innsatt i Soissons, kanskje av Boniface, erkebiskop av Mainz. Imens fortsatte Grifo sitt opprør, men ble til slutt drept i slaget ved Saint-Jean de Maurienne i 753.

Ekspansjon av det frankiske riket
Han styrket sin makt etter at pave Stefan III reiste hele veien til Paris for å velsigne Pipin i en prangende seremoni i Basilique Saint-Denis og gav ham tilleggstittelen patricius Romanorum (romernes patrisier). Ettersom forventet levealder var lav i de dager og Pipin ønsket kontinuitet i familien, velsignet paven også Pipins sønner, Karl og Karloman.

Pipins første betydelige handling var å gå til krig mot den langobardiske kongen Aistulf som førte en ekspansjonspolitikk inn i ducatus Romanum, delvis som takk for den pavelige støtten i hans forsøk på å overta kronen. Da han seiret, tvang han den langobardiske kongen til å gi tilbake eiendom som ble tatt fra kirken og bekreftet pavens kontroll over Ravenna og Pentapolis, også kalt Pipins donasjon hvor kirkestaten ble grunnlagt. I 759 drev han sarasenerne ut av Gallia da han erobret Narbonne og konsoliderte så sin makt videre ved å integrere Aquitaine inn i kongedømmet. Ved å ta Narbonne og formelt annektere Aquitaine (hvis status alltid hadde vært avhengig av hennes herskere), fullførte han arbeidet til sin far med unntak av en siste oppgave, fullstendig kue sakserne. Han forberedte seg for krig mot dem da helsen hans begynte å bli dårligere, og dermed ble den siste oppgaven overlatt til hans sønn, Karl den store.

Arv
Pipin døde i Saint Denis i 768 og er gravlagt der sammen med sin kone Bertrada.

Historisk ser det ofte ut til at han er regnet som en mindre sønn og en mindre far av to store menn, selv om han var en stor mann etter sine egne bedrifter. Han fortsatte å å bygge opp det tunge kavaleriet som hans far satte i gang. Han opprettholdt den stående hæren som hans far grunnla for å beskytte riket og som dannet kjernen i hans regulære hær i krigstid. Han ikke bare opprettholdt sin fars politikk i å begrense maurerne til sine områder, men drev dem tilbake over Pyreneene da han tok Narbonne. Han fortsatte sin fars ekspansjon av den frankiske kirken (misjon i Tyskland og Skandinavia) og infrastrukturen (føydalisme) som ville bli ryggraden i middelalderens Europa. Hans styre var riktignok ikke like strålende som hans fars eller hans sønns, men det var historisk viktig og av stor fordel for den frankiske folk. Det kan hevdes at Pipins overtagelse av tronen og tittelen patrisier av Roma var forløpere til hans sønns keiserlige kroning som vanligvis blir sett på som grunnleggelsen av det tysk-romerske riket. Han gjorde karolingerne de jure, der hans far gjorde dem de facto, det herskende dynastiet av frankerne og den fremste makten i Europa. Mens han ikke var kjent som en stor general, var han ubeseiret i sin livstid.

Familie
I 740 giftet Pipin seg med Bertrada av Laon, hans tremennig. Hennes far, Charibert, var sønn til Pipin av Herstals bror, Martin av Laon. Av deres barn, ble to sønner og en datter voksne[2].

Karl (2. april 742-28. januar 814), kjent som Karl den store
Karloman (751-4. desember 771)
Gisela (757-810)

Noter
^ Pipins navn kan være kilde til forvirring. På fransk kalles han Pépin, tysk Pippin eller nederlandsk Pepijn. Hans kallenavn er ofte misforstått. Han kalles vanligvis den lille, selv om dette er feil oversettelse. Han var ikke kort. Hans kallenavn den yngre henviser til det faktum at han var yngre enn de to arnulfingerne som også het Pipin som hersket som rikshovmestre, Pipin av Landen og Pipin av Herstal.
^ Noen kilder sier at Redburga var søster av Karl den store, mens andre sier at hun var hans svigerinne.

pippin
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Pepin the Short (Pepin III) (Wikipedia)
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=26c60784-2f83-4a7e-b27c-f2148fb6322b&tid=6268114&pid=-1059090958

Pepin The Short Of The Franks
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Pepin the Short
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Pepin the Short
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Original individual @P3960146472@ (@MS_TREE2.GED0_15GM2@) merged with @P3959699022@ (@MS_TREE2.GED0_15GM2@)

Original individual @P3960146472@ (@MS_TREE2.GED0_15GM2@) merged with @P3959692807@ (@MS_TREE2.GED0_15GM2@)

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BIOGRAPHY: Pepin, also known as Pepin III, c.714-68, was the first Carolingian king of the Franks (rex francorum) and the father of Charlemagne. Pepin and his brother Carloman succeeded (741) their father, Charles Martel, as mayors of the palace; during the next six years they crushed a half dozen serious revolts in Bavaria, Alamannia, Saxony, and Aquitaine. With the realm at peace Carloman entered (747) a monastery. Three years later Pepin altered the long-standing pro-Lombard policy of his family and arranged with Pope Zacharias to support the papacy in return for papal sanction of Carolingian usurpation of the Frankish kingship. Thus Pepin deposed (751) King Childeric III and was anointed king of the Franks. To preserve his bond with the papacy, Pepin crushed the Lombards when they threatened Rome (754, 756). He ceded conquered territories to the pope (the Donation of Pepin), thus establishing the basis for the Papal States. Pepin also crushed revolts in Saxony (748, 753) and Bavaria (749) and conquered Aquitaine. He was succeeded by his sons, Charlemagne and Carloman.

-- Bernard S. Bachrach, Grolier Online

KNOWN AS "PEPIN THE SHORT"; MAYOR OF THE PALACE 741-757; 1ST KING OF FRANCE OF
THE SECOND RACE 751-768

pippin
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=d31362c6-6847-4f6d-8bc7-d10ae4e41cf5&tid=6268114&pid=-1059090958

AFN:9GCB-4G

Ended the mockery of the Merovingian dynasty by deposing King Childeric III and, with the assistance of Pope Zacharias, had himself crowned King of the Franks. {Encyclopedia of Military History} [GADD.GED]

37th great grandfather

Pippin III
From Wikipedia
Pepin III (714 - September 24 , 768 ) more often known as Pepin the Short (French, Pépin le Bref; German, Pippin der Kleine), was a King of the Franks (751 - 768 ).
He was born in 714 in Jupille , in what is today part of Belgium , but then a part of the kingdom of Austrasia . His father was Charles Martel , Mayor of the Austrasian Palace, and his mother was Chrotrud (690 -724 ).
In 740 Pepin married Bertrada of Laon . Of their children, two sons and one daughter survived to adulthood.
Charles / Charlemagne (April 2 , 747 - January 28 , 814 )
Carloman (751 - December 4 , 771 )
Redburga
On the death of Pepin's father, Charles Martel, in 741 , power was passed down to Charles' legimitate sons, Pepin and Carloman . Power may also have been intended for Charles' illegitimate son, Grifo , but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers. Carloman, who by all evidence was a deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747 . This left France in the hands of Pepin as mayor for the Merovingian King Childeric III . Childeric had the title of King but Pepin had control over orders and actually had the power of the king. Pepin then went to ask the Pope who should be complete ruler; the person with the title of king, or the person who makes the decisions of king. The Pope agreed that the decision making was more important than the title. He succeeded in obtaining the support of the papacy , which helped to discourage opposition. He was elected King of the Franks by an assembly of the Frankish leading-men and anointed at Soissons , perhaps by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz.
During his reign, Pepin III's conquests gave him more power than anyone since the days of King Clovis . He added to that power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint King Pepin in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica , bestowing upon him the additional title of Patrician of the Romans. As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman.
Pepin's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the church. In 759 , he drove the Saracens out of France with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by making Aquitaine a part of his kingdom.
Pepin III died at Saint Denis in 768 and is interred there in the Saint Denis Basilica with his wife Bertrada.
Preceded by: Childeric III Frankish King Succeeded by: Charlemagne and Carloman

Var Major Domus over Neustrien, Burgund og Provence. Med pavens samtykke avsatte han i år 752 den siste merovinger. Pepin lot seg etter dette krone til konge på riksforsamlingen i Soissons. Han la grunnlaget for kirkestaten, og ble senere Romas skytsherre.

!SOURCES:
1. Tab. Gen. Souv., France 22, Tab. III Ahnen zu Karl der Grossen Germ. FH 694, p. 28, 104
2. Americana, Am. Pub. F, v. 32, p. 582-83
3. Plantagenet Ancestry, Eng. 116, p. 38, 171
4. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 5
5. Betham's Gen. Tab., Eng. 133, Tab. 253
6. Anderson's Royal Gen., Eng. 132, p. 450, 616
7. Italy and Her Invaders, Italy 1, v. 7
!RESEARCH NOTES:
1. Only one of the sources above (Gen. Hist. 25) mentions Gertrude as a child of Pepin. Another source (France 24) is the only one suggesting a child by thename of Giles, & it in turn indicates there may be a question concerning the name.

He was also mayor of the palace of Austrasia. He was mayor of thepalace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52), thelast of the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric andthus became the first king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crownedby Pope Stephen II (III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by theLombards of northern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them(754-55). He ceded to the pope territory that included Ravenna andother cities. This grant, called the Donation of Pepin, laid thefoundation for the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom bycapturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in southwestern France. He wassucceeded by his sons Carloman and Charlemagne as joint kings.

Pepin the short (Chl fath)
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Pepin the Short
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Pepintheshort
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=0015f595-ec87-4d93-8272-e3cc61561989&tid=10145763&pid=-677192426

Pepin the Short
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=62ca4d9b-b2ec-4200-883c-5fb91567457f&tid=10145763&pid=-677192426

Pepin or Pippin (714 – 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III,[1] was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the father of Charlemagne.

He was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and of Rotrude of Trier (690-724).

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Original individual @P2689280824@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@) merged with @P2447689896@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@)

Media0002
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Pepin the Short (Pepin III) (Wikipedia)
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=26c60784-2f83-4a7e-b27c-f2148fb6322b&tid=6268114&pid=-1059090958

sarcofigus of Pepin the short
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=39055708-d95d-44c5-a7b4-09a980769c35&tid=8764362&pid=-863178541

Pepin had been mayor of the palace in Merovingian Neustria until he was crowned king by Pope Stephen II (also known as Stephen III, died in 757) in 754, and his sons Carl (Charlemagne) and Carloman were crowned as joint heirs.

Pippin_the_short
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=9497878f-4d57-4cfd-ad70-63a117ea1d49&tid=1173601&pid=-1493678026

He ruled from 3 May 752 until 768.

He was Mayor of the Palace.

BIOGRAPHY
Son of Charles Martel and Chrodtrud, he inherited the joint right with his brother Carloman to rule the kingdom of the Franks. In 747 he became sole ruler when Carloman retired to the monastery of Monte Casino. In 751 he asked Pope Zacharias to end the nominal rule of the Merovingians and give him sole power, together with the title 'King of the Franks'. The Pope agreed and King Childeric III was placed in a monastery.

Saint Boniface anointed Pippin King of The Franks at Soissons. Two years later he saved the next Pope, Stephen II, from the Lombards. The Pope himself again anointed Pippin at the Abbey of St. Denis, together with his two young sons, Charles and Carloman. Pippin was a much more able king than the Merovingian 'Rois faineants' (do nothing kings). The Franks descended on Italy to support the pope, and they defeated Astolfo, King of the Lombards. Pippin was made a senator of Rome though he could neither read nor write.

After the pope was attacked again, Pippin again defeated Astolfo and made a gift to the pope of Lombard lands near Rome. This bequest was the beginning of the pope's status as a temporal sovereign. Pippin died at the Abbey of St. Denis in 768. His sons Charles and Carloman divided the Frank domains. Carloman soon died, leaving Charles, as the sole ruler of the kingdom of the Franks, to become the most important ruler ever to have 'the Great' added to his name. Charles The Great, or Carolus Magnus, became better known as Charlemagne.

He ruled from 3 May 752 until 768.

He was Mayor of the Palace.

- Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia 741-746

When his father died in 741, Pepin III and his brother Carloman succeeded as joing Mayors of the Palace ofAustrasia. In 746, Carloman abdicated and became a monk, leaving Pepin to rule all of Austrasia on his own.
For more information see the Our Folk - Hart family Web Site

from "Our Folk" by Albert D Hart, Jr.

PEPPIN III TOMB
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=0be6d7ff-05c7-40ec-a8df-54c75d7c4acc&tid=9692367&pid=-498612938

St Denis Bsilica
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Peppin the Short
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=8e86b187-497b-4488-a8c3-19e0332152f8&tid=9692367&pid=-498612938

Posts Held
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=f30f02ee-11af-48f9-81a5-f5f12360874a&tid=9692367&pid=-498612938

Pepin or Pippin (714 – 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III,[1] was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the father of Charlemagne.

He was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and of Rotrude of Trier (690-724).

BIOGRAPHY Son of Charles Martel and Chrodtrud, he inherited the joint right with his brother Carloman to rule the kingdom of the Franks. In 747 he became sole ruler when Carloman retired to the monastery of Monte Casino. In 751 he asked Pope Zacharias to end the nominal rule of the Merovingians and give him sole power, together with the title 'King of the Franks'. The Pope agreed and King Childeric III was placed in a monastery. Saint Boniface anointed Pippin King of The Franks at Soissons. Two years later he saved the next Pope, Stephen II, from the Lombards. The Pope himself again anointed Pippin at the Abbey of St. Denis, together with his two young sons, Charles and Ca rloman. Pippin was a much more able king than the Merovingian 'Rois faineants' (do nothing kings). The Franks descended on Italy to support the pope, and they defeated Astolfo, King of the Lombards. Pippin was made a senator of Rome though he could neither read nor write. After the pope was attacked again, Pippin again defeated Astolfo and made a gift to the pope of Lombard lands near Rome. This bequest was the beginning of the pope's status as a temporal sovereign. Pippin died at the Abbey of St. Denis in 768. His sons Charles and Carloman divided the Frank domains. Carloman soon died, leaving Charles, as the sole ruler of the kingdom of the Franks, to become the most important ruler ever to have 'the Great' added to his name. Charles The Great, or Carolus Magnus, became better known as Charlemagne.

Pepin I the Short, inherited his father's position of Mayor of the Palace. Charles Martel didn't want to become king. But Pepin I did. The king he served, Childeric III, the last of the Merovinigian King of Franks. He had no real power to speak of and eventually the Frankish nobles enstated Pepin and the pope of Rome conferred the title of King to Pepin I and to his son Charle Magne King of the Franks.
Thus was founded the begining of the Carolingian Empire.
Source: The Catholic Encyclopedia Volume III Published 1908 N.Y.

pippin
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=d31362c6-6847-4f6d-8bc7-d10ae4e41cf5&tid=6268114&pid=-1059090958

Pepin the Short (Pepin III) (Wikipedia)
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=26c60784-2f83-4a7e-b27c-f2148fb6322b&tid=6268114&pid=-1059090958

Pepin the Short (circa 714-68), mayor of the palace of Austrasia and king of the Franks (751-68), the son of the Frankish ruler Charles Martel, and the grandson of Pepin of Herstal. He was mayor of the palace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52), the last of the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the first king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II (III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754-55). He ceded to the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant, called the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in southwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman and Charlemagne as joint kings."Pepin the Short," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1994 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1994 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation.

Pepin the Younger, 716-768, Frankish Ruler / Mayor of Neustria 741, King of the Franks 747-768 / Pepin was the son of Charles Martel and the father of Charlemagne. He served as major-domo in the Merovingian kingdom of Neustria and Austrasia (Germany and France). In 751 an assembly of the Franks deposed the last of the weak Merovingian kings and proclaimed Pepin king. Pope Stephen II, who ruled Rome, asked Pepin for help against the Langobard king who had captured Ravenna, the last enclave of Bysantine rule in Italy. Pepin sent his army and forced the Langbards to return the conquered territories, which were the given to the pope. These areas together with Rome became the PAPAL STATES. The pope - in return - confirmed Pepin as the first Carolingian king of the Franks.

sarcofigus of Pepin the short
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Pippin the Short
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Pepin "the Younger" King of Franks
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=c6d503ff-9e39-4c4e-816f-d9960664d96b&tid=8764362&pid=-863178541

mayordomo de palacio de Borgoña (741), de Neustria (741) y de Austrasia (747), rey de los Francos (751).

El último rey merovingio Childerico III, fue encerrado en un monasterio por Pipino el Breve en 751. Pipino pide al Papa Zacarías que le reconozca como soberano del reino franco. Se trata de una usurpación y de un golpe de Estado, legitimado por los historiadores de la dinastía carolingia , en particular por Eginhard. Pipino es proclamado rey en 751, más tarde es consagrado en San Denis en 754. De este modo nace la dinastía carolingia. Su hijo, Carlomagno, asumió incluso un mayor poder que su padre al ser coronado como Emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico, convirtiéndose en una de las más grandes figuras en la historia de Francia y Alemania

pepin3_f
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=c8a1bb50-c100-46fe-884e-5b14637b66b0&tid=261097&pid=-1975727740

Pepintheshort
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=0015f595-ec87-4d93-8272-e3cc61561989&tid=10145763&pid=-677192426

Bertrada of Laon
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=6207649d-b28c-4150-88e6-e839e513fd34&tid=10145763&pid=-677192426

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Ancestors (and descendant) of Pépin III "le Bref" Roi des Francs Roi des Francs

Pépin ll "the Middle" d'Héristal
± 635-714

Alpaïde / Alpais / Chalpaida Aupais
± 654-714

Leutwinus von Trier
± 665-722

Wiligarde Agilofinges
± 678-± 732

Charles "Martel" (the Hammer) de France
686-741

Rotrude de Trèves
± 690-± 724

Pépin III "le Bref" Roi des Francs Roi des Francs
± 714-768

± 740

Bertrade 'Berthe au Grand Pied' de Laon
± 720-783



					Charles / Carolus Magnus / Karl der Große Emperor of the West 747-814

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Historical events

Christening day December 16, 1933

Christening day December 16, 1933

The temperature on December 16, 1933 was between -8.3 °C and -0.4 °C and averaged -5.0 °C. There was 4.0 hours of sunshine (52%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the northeast. Source: KNMI
Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
In The Netherlands , there was from August 10, 1929 to May 26, 1933 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck III, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from May 26, 1933 to July 31, 1935 the cabinet Colijn II, with Dr. H. Colijn (ARP) as prime minister.
In the year 1933: Source: Wikipedia
- The Netherlands had about 8.2 million citizens.
- January 5 » Construction of the Golden Gate Bridge begins in San Francisco Bay.
- February 20 » The U.S. Congress approves the Blaine Act to repeal federal Prohibition in the United States, sending the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution to state ratifying conventions for approval.
- March 31 » The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission of relieving rampant unemployment in the United States.
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- July 8 » The first rugby union test match between the Wallabies of Australia and the Springboks of South Africa is played at Newlands Stadium in Cape Town.
- December 5 » The Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified.

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The Family tree Homs publication was prepared by George Homs.contact the author

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George Homs, "Family tree Homs", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-homs/I5475363828490111452.php : accessed May 22, 2024), "Pépin III "le Bref" Roi des Francs (Pépin III "le Bref") "P..." Roi des Francs (± 714-768)".

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Family tree Homs » Pépin III "le Bref" Roi des Francs (Pépin III "le Bref") "P..." Roi des Francs (± 714-768)

Personal data Pépin III "le Bref" Roi des Francs (Pépin III "le Bref") "P..." Roi des Francs

Household of Pépin III "le Bref" Roi des Francs (Pépin III "le Bref") "P..." Roi des Francs

Notes about Pépin III "le Bref" Roi des Francs (Pépin III "le Bref") "P..." Roi des Francs

Timeline Pépin III "le Bref" Roi des Francs (Pépin III "le Bref") "P..." Roi des Francs

Ancestors (and descendant) of Pépin III "le Bref" Roi des Francs Roi des Francs

Sources

Historical events

Christening day December 16, 1933

About the surname Roi des Francs

-when his father died in 741, Pepin III and his brother Carloman succeeded as jointMayors of the Palace of Austrasia. In 746, Carloman abdicated and became a monk, leaving Pepin to rule all ofAustrasia on his own. In 750, Pepin received papal permission from Pope Zachary to take the Frankish crownfrom King Childeric III. In 751, Zachary formerly deposed Childeric, and Pepin became the first Caroliginian king ofthe Franks. In 753, Pope Stephen went to Gaul to affirm Pepin's crown. In 755, on Stephen's wishes, Pepin attacked theLombards of Italy who were harrasing the Roman See, and peace was made. The next year, the Lombard king again maraudednear Rome, was again defeated, and again made peace with Pepin. That year, Pepin promised the Church Frankishprotection, thus breaking ties with the Eastern Empire that were only needed for Italian safety. In 760, Pepin andDuke Waifar of independent Aquitaine started a war which lasted many years. In 764, both sides were tired, and the war took a one year break. Pepin launched a final campaign againstAquitaine in 766 with full force, Aquitaine was defeated, and Waifar and his family were executed. By 768, the yearPepin died, Aquitaine had been completely conquered. Pepin III (also called Pippin, or Pepin the Short) (died 768), first Carolingian king of the Franks, son ofCharles Martel and father of Charlemagne
For more information see the Our Folk - Hart family Web Site

- Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia 741-746 When his father died in 741, Pepin III and his brother Carloman succeeded as joing Mayors of the Palace ofAustrasia. In 746, Carloman abdicated and became a monk, leaving Pepin to rule all of Austrasia on his own.
For more information see the Our Folk - Hart family Web Site