The temperature on November 1, 1834 was about 13.0 °C. Wind direction mainly southwest. Weather type: omtrent betrokken. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 3 » Wake Forest University is established (as Wake Forest Institute) in North Carolina, United States.
March 6 » York, Upper Canada, is incorporated as Toronto.
May 30 » Minister of Justice Joaquim António de Aguiar issues a law seizing "all convents, monasteries, colleges, hospices and any other houses" from the Catholic religious orders in Portugal, earning him the nickname of "The Friar-Killer".
October 9 » Opening of the Dublin and Kingstown Railway, the first public railway on the island of Ireland.
December 1 » Slavery is abolished in the Cape Colony in accordance with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833.
December 3 » The Zollverein (German Customs Union) begins the first regular census in Germany.
Day of marriage August 18, 1869
The temperature on August 18, 1869 was about 16.3 °C. There was 0.3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 4 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 69%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
May 10 » The First Transcontinental Railroad, linking the eastern and western United States, is completed at Promontory Summit, Utah with the golden spike.
June 27 » The Republic of Ezo on the island of Hokkaido ends after being defeated by Japanese Imperial troops.
July 25 » The Japanese daimyōs begin returning their land holdings to the emperor as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese Date: June 17, 1869).
August 29 » The Mount Washington Cog Railway opens, making it the world's first mountain-climbing rack railway.
September 24 » Gold prices plummet after President Grant orders the Treasury to sell large quantities of gold after Jay Gould and James Fisk plot to control the market.
October 16 » The Cardiff Giant, one of the most famous American hoaxes, is "discovered".
Day of death January 19, 1900
The temperature on January 19, 1900 was about -1.1 °C. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
January 6 » Second Boer War: Having already besieged the fortress at Ladysmith, Boer forces attack it, but are driven back by British defenders.
February 27 » Fußball-Club Bayern München is founded.
May 17 » Second Boer War: British troops relieve Mafeking.
May 18 » The United Kingdom proclaims a protectorate over Tonga.
June 20 » Baron Eduard Toll, leader of the Russian Polar Expedition of 1900, departs Saint Petersburg in Russia on the explorer ship Zarya, never to return.
July 19 » The first line of the Paris Métro opens for operation.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: J. Ham, "Family tree Ham", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-ham/I64465.php : accessed March 5, 2026), "Peter Norbertus van Riel (1834-1900)".
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