January 21 » Abdul Hamid I becomes Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.
June 2 » Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act is enacted, allowing a governor in colonial America to house British soldiers in uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings if suitable quarters are not provided.
July 21 » Russo-Turkish War (1768–74): Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ending the war.
August 1 » British scientist Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen gas, corroborating the prior discovery of this element by German-Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
September 4 » New Caledonia is first sighted by Europeans, during the second voyage of Captain James Cook.
September 5 » First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia.
Day of death January 12, 1861
The temperature on January 12, 1861 was about -4.4 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 95%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Bert Grooten, "Family tree Grooten", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-grooten/I86.php : accessed February 12, 2026), "Jan Hindriks Brouwer (1774-1861)".
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