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Birthday October 23, 1865

• The temperature on October 23, 1865 was about 9.1 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m² and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 93%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1865: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • January 15 » American Civil War: Fort Fisher in North Carolina falls to the Union, thus cutting off the last major seaport of the Confederacy.
  • February 20 » End of the Uruguayan War, with a peace agreement between President Tomás Villalba and rebel leader Venancio Flores, setting the scene for the destructive War of the Triple Alliance.
  • April 12 » American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.
  • April 20 » Astronomer Angelo Secchi demonstrates the Secchi disk, which measures water clarity, aboard Pope Pius IX's yacht, the L'Immaculata Concezion.
  • June 11 » The Naval Battle of the Riachuelo is fought on the rivulet Riachuelo (Argentina), between the Paraguayan Navy on one side and the Brazilian Navy on the other. The Brazilian victory was crucial for the later success of the Triple Alliance (Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina) in the Paraguayan War.
  • December 1 » Shaw University, the first historically black university in the southern United States, is founded in Raleigh, North Carolina.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1857 » Juan Luna, Filipino painter and sculptor († 1899)
• 1863 » Mirko Breyer, Croatian writer, bibliographer, antiquarian, and one of the notable alleged and false victims of the Stara Gradiška concentration camp († 1946)
• 1865 » Neltje Blanchan, American historian and author († 1918)
• 1869 » John Heisman, American football player and coach († 1936)
• 1870 » Francis Kelley, Canadian-American bishop († 1948)
• 1873 » William D. Coolidge, American physicist and engineer († 1975)