The temperature on October 12, 1831 was about 17.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south-southwest. Weather type: betrokken regen. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
October 9 » Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first head of state of independent Greece, is assassinated.
October 29 » Riots in the city of Bristol as part of the 1831 reform riots against the second reform Bill of the Reform Act 1832 begin.
November 5 » Nat Turner, American slave leader, is tried, convicted, and sentenced to death in Virginia.
December 5 » Former U.S. President John Quincy Adams takes his seat in the House of Representatives.
December 25 » The Great Jamaican Slave Revolt begins; up to 20% of Jamaica's slaves mobilize in an ultimately unsuccessful fight for freedom.
December 27 » Charles Darwin embarks on his journey aboard HMSBeagle, during which he will begin to formulate his theory of evolution.
Day of marriage May 16, 1863
The temperature on May 16, 1863 was about 13.6 °C. The air pressure was 7 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 77%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
May 2 » American Civil War: Stonewall Jackson is wounded by friendly fire while returning to camp after reconnoitering during the Battle of Chancellorsville. He succumbs to pneumonia eight days later.
June 9 » American Civil War: Battle of Brandy Station, Virginia.
July 4 » American Civil War: The Army of Northern Virginia withdraws from the battlefield after losing the Battle of Gettysburg, signalling an end to the Confederate invasion of U.S. territory.
August 21 » Lawrence, Kansas is destroyed by pro-Confederate guerrillas known as Quantrill's Raiders.
November 24 » American Civil War: Battle of Lookout Mountain: Near Chattanooga, Tennessee, Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant capture Lookout Mountain and begin to break the Confederate siege of the city led by General Braxton Bragg.
December 16 » American Civil War: Joseph E. Johnston replaces Braxton Bragg as commander of the Confederate Army of Tennessee.
Day of death March 17, 1914
The temperature on March 17, 1914 was between 2.8 °C and 7.8 °C and averaged 4.8 °C. There was 7.0 hours of sunshine (59%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-northwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
May 17 » The Protocol of Corfu is signed, recognising full autonomy to Northern Epirus under nominal Albanian sovereignty.
August 5 » In Cleveland, Ohio, the first electric traffic light is installed.
August 14 » World War I: Start of the Battle of Lorraine, an unsuccessful French offensive designed to recover the lost province of Moselle from Germany.
August 17 » World War I: Battle of Stallupönen: The German army of General Hermann von François defeats the Russian force commanded by Paul von Rennenkampf near modern-day Nesterov, Russia.
September 3 » French composer Albéric Magnard is killed defending his estate against invading German soldiers.
October 18 » The Schoenstatt Movement is founded in Germany.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Elly Gelderman, "Family tree Gelderman", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-gelderman/I9811.php : accessed February 15, 2026), "Nicolaas van Driesten (1831-1914)".
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