The temperature on December 31, 1849 was about 5.0 °C. Wind direction mainly west-northwest. Weather type: betrokken regen. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
From November 21, 1848 till November 1, 1849 the Netherlands had a cabinet De Kempenaer - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. J.M. de Kempenaer (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
In The Netherlands , there was from November 1, 1849 to April 19, 1853 the cabinet Thorbecke I, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 23 » Elizabeth Blackwell is awarded her M.D. by the Geneva Medical College of Geneva, New York, becoming the United States' first female doctor.
March 4 » President-Elect Zachary Taylor and Vice President-Elect Millard Fillmore did not take their respective oaths of office (they did so the following day), leading to the erroneous theory that outgoing President pro tempore of the United States Senate David Rice Atchison had assumed the role of acting president for one day.
April 25 » The Governor General of Canada, Lord Elgin, signs the Rebellion Losses Bill, outraging Montreal's English population and triggering the Montreal Riots.
May 3 » The May Uprising in Dresden begins: The last of the German revolutions of 1848–49.
July 16 » Antonio María Claret y Clará founds the Congregation of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, popularly known as the Claretians in Vic, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
October 6 » The execution of the 13 Martyrs of Arad after the Hungarian war of independence.
Day of marriage April 7, 1881
The temperature on April 7, 1881 was about 9.1 °C. The air pressure was 11 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 52%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
April 11 » Spelman College is founded in Atlanta, Georgia as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, an institute of higher education for African-American women.
June 13 » The USS Jeannette is crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack.
July 1 » General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell and Childers reforms of the British Army, comes into effect.
July 1 » The world's first international telephone call is made between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, United States.
July 2 » Charles J. Guiteau shoots and fatally wounds U.S. President James A. Garfield (who will die of complications from his wounds on September 19).
September 19 » U.S. President James A. Garfield dies of wounds suffered in a July 2 shooting. Vice President Chester A. Arthur becomes President upon Garfield's death.
Day of death October 13, 1937
The temperature on October 13, 1937 was between 8.6 °C and 13.0 °C and averaged 10.6 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the west. Source: KNMI
January 19 » Howard Hughes sets a new air record by flying from Los Angeles to New York City in 7 hours, 28 minutes, 25 seconds.
May 28 » Volkswagen, the German automobile manufacturer is founded.
June 14 » Pennsylvania becomes the first (and only) state of the United States to celebrate Flag Day officially as a state holiday.
July 6 » Spanish Civil War: Battle of Brunete: The battle begins with Spanish Republican troops going on the offensive against the Nationalists to relieve pressure on Madrid.
August 24 » Spanish Civil War: Sovereign Council of Asturias and León is proclaimed in Gijón.
December 16 » Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe attempt to escape from the American federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay; neither is ever seen again.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Elly Gelderman, "Family tree Gelderman", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-gelderman/I4358.php : accessed January 29, 2026), "Rena (Rientje) Haarsma (1849-1937)".
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