The temperature on August 5, 1865 was about 16.4 °C. The air pressure was 1.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 79%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 15 » American Civil War: Fort Fisher in North Carolina falls to the Union, thus cutting off the last major seaport of the Confederacy.
February 20 » End of the Uruguayan War, with a peace agreement between President Tomás Villalba and rebel leader Venancio Flores, setting the scene for the destructive War of the Triple Alliance.
March 4 » The third and final national flag of the Confederate States of America is adopted by the Confederate Congress.
April 4 » American Civil War: A day after Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln visits the Confederate capital.
April 10 » American Civil War: A day after his surrender to Union forces, Confederate General Robert E. Lee addresses his troops for the last time.
July 31 » The first narrow-gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Queensland, Australia.
Day of marriage April 27, 1894
The temperature on April 27, 1894 was about 11.9 °C. There was 13 mm of rain. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 77%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 21, 1891 to May 9, 1894 the cabinet Van Tienhoven, with Mr. G. van Tienhoven (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from May 9, 1894 to July 27, 1897 the cabinet Roëll, with Jonkheer mr. J. Roëll (oud-liberaal) as prime minister.
March 16 » Jules Massenet's opera Thaïs is first performed.
June 24 » Marie François Sadi Carnot is assassinated by Sante Geronimo Caserio.
July 25 » The First Sino-Japanese War begins when the Japanese fire upon a Chinese warship.
September 15 » First Sino-Japanese War: Japan defeats Qing dynasty China in the Battle of Pyongyang.
November 1 » Buffalo Bill, 15 of his Indians, and Annie Oakley were filmed by Thomas Edison in his Black Maria Studio in West Orange, New Jersey.
November 1 » Nicholas II becomes the new (and last) Tsar of Russia after his father, Alexander III, dies.
Day of death July 8, 1953
The temperature on July 8, 1953 was between 13.5 °C and 19.2 °C and averaged 16.5 °C. There was 10.9 hours of sunshine (66%). The partly clouded was. The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the southwest. Source: KNMI
April 8 » Mau Mau leader Jomo Kenyatta is convicted by British Kenya's rulers.
April 13 » CIA director Allen Dulles launches the mind-control program Project MKUltra.
June 18 » A United States Air Force C-124 crashes and burns near Tachikawa, Japan, killing 129.
June 19 » Cold War: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are executed at Sing Sing, in New York.
August 12 » The first testing of a real thermonuclear weapon (not test devices): The Soviet atomic bomb project continues with the detonation of "RDS-6s" (Joe 4), the first Soviet thermonuclear bomb.
November 30 » Edward Mutesa II, the kabaka (king) of Buganda is deposed and exiled to London by Sir Andrew Cohen, Governor of Uganda.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Elly Gelderman, "Family tree Gelderman", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-gelderman/I3134.php : accessed February 15, 2026), "Jan Polak (1865-1953)".
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