The temperature on October 16, 1878 was about 11.9 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 80%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 16 » Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Battle of Philippopolis: Captain Aleksandr Burago with a squadron of Russian Imperial army dragoons liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman rule.
January 28 » Yale Daily News becomes the first independent daily college newspaper in the United States.
February 18 » John Tunstall is murdered by outlaw Jesse Evans, sparking the Lincoln County War in Lincoln County, New Mexico.
February 22 » In Utica, New York, Frank Woolworth opens the first of many of five-and-dime Woolworth stores.
September 3 » Over 640 die when the crowded pleasure boat Princess Alice collides with the Bywell Castle in the River Thames.
October 22 » The Bramall Lane stadium sees the first rugby match played under floodlights.
Day of marriage October 13, 1905
The temperature on October 13, 1905 was between 2.3 °C and 11.9 °C and averaged 8.1 °C. There was 0.3 hours of sunshine (3%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the northwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 1, 1901 to August 16, 1905 the cabinet Kuijper, with Dr. A. Kuijper (AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 17, 1905 to February 11, 1908 the cabinet De Meester, with Mr. Th. de Meester (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
April 4 » In India, an earthquake hits the Kangra Valley, killing 20,000, and destroying most buildings in Kangra, McLeod Ganj and Dharamshala.
April 17 » The Supreme Court of the United States decides Lochner v. New York, which holds that the "right to free contract" is implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
August 10 » Russo-Japanese War: Peace negotiations begin in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
September 26 » Albert Einstein publishes the third of his Annus Mirabilis papers, introducing the special theory of relativity.
October 30 » Czar Nicholas II issues the October Manifesto, granting the Russian peoples basic civil liberties and the right to form a duma. (October 17 in the Julian calendar)
November 28 » Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin as a political party with the main aim of establishing a dual monarchy in Ireland.
Day of death August 13, 1959
The temperature on August 13, 1959 was between 14.2 °C and 25.2 °C and averaged 19.7 °C. There was 8.2 hours of sunshine (55%). The partly clouded was. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southeast. Source: KNMI
January 7 » The United States recognizes the new Cuban government of Fidel Castro.
February 11 » The Federation of Arab Emirates of the South is created as a protectorate of the United Kingdom.
February 28 » Discoverer 1, an American spy satellite that is the first object intended to achieve a polar orbit, is launched but fails to achieve orbit.
April 9 » Project Mercury: NASA announces the selection of the United States' first seven astronauts, whom the news media quickly dub the "Mercury Seven".
July 15 » The steel strike of 1959 begins, leading to significant importation of foreign steel for the first time in United States history.
December 13 » Archbishop Makarios III becomes the first President of Cyprus.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Elly Gelderman, "Family tree Gelderman", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-gelderman/I16696.php : accessed August 8, 2025), "Johannes Gerhardus Tönis (1878-1959)".
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