The temperature on May 12, 1853 was about 13.5 °C. The atmospheric humidity was 52%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from November 1, 1849 to April 19, 1853 the cabinet Thorbecke I, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
January 19 » Giuseppe Verdi's opera Il trovatore receives its premiere performance in Rome.
March 19 » The Taiping reform movement occupies and makes Nanjing its capital until 1864.
April 16 » The Great Indian Peninsula Railway opens the first passenger rail in India, from Bori Bunder to Thane.
July 2 » The Russian Army crosses the Pruth river into the Danubian Principalities, Moldavia and Wallachia—providing the spark that will set off the Crimean War.
July 14 » Opening of the first major US world's fair, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City.
December 30 » Gadsden Purchase: The United States buys land from Mexico to facilitate railroad building in the Southwest.
Day of marriage February 7, 1884
The temperature on February 7, 1884 was about 3.6 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 84%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
February 19 » More than sixty tornadoes strike the Southern United States, one of the largest tornado outbreaks in U.S. history.
May 1 » Moses Fleetwood Walker becomes the first black person to play in a professional baseball game in the United States.
May 31 » The arrival at Plymouth of Tāwhiao, King of Maoris, to claim the protection of Queen Victoria.
August 5 » The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe's Island (now Liberty Island) in New York Harbor.
October 6 » The Naval War College of the United States is founded in Rhode Island.
December 10 » Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is published.
Day of death February 8, 1908
The temperature on February 8, 1908 was between 2.7 °C and 7.4 °C and averaged 5.3 °C. There was 3.9 hours of sunshine (41%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 17, 1905 to February 11, 1908 the cabinet De Meester, with Mr. Th. de Meester (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from February 12, 1908 to August 29, 1913 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. Th. Heemskerk (AR) as prime minister.
January 30 » Indian pacifist and leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is released from prison by Jan C. Smuts after being tried and sentenced to two months in jail earlier in the month.
June 30 » The Tunguska Event, the largest impact event on Earth in human recorded history, resulting in a massive explosion over Eastern Siberia.
October 14 » The Chicago Cubs defeat the Detroit Tigers, 2–0, clinching the 1908 World Series; this would be their last until winning the 2016 World Series.
November 22 » The Congress of Manastir establishes the Albanian alphabet.
November 28 » A mine explosion in Marianna, Pennsylvania, kills 154 men, leaving only one survivor.
December 28 » The 7.1 Mw Messina earthquake shakes Southern Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing between 75,000 and 200,000.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Elly Gelderman, "Family tree Gelderman", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-gelderman/I1545.php : accessed March 14, 2026), "Willemina Maria Smit (1853-1908)".
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