The temperature on August 4, 1868 was about 29.2 °C. The air pressure was 3 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-southeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 38%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
January 27 » Boshin War: The Battle of Toba–Fushimi begins, between forces of the Tokugawa shogunate and pro-Imperial factions; it will end in defeat for the shogunate, and is a pivotal point in the Meiji Restoration.
June 23 » Christopher Latham Sholes received a patent for an invention he called the "Type-Writer".
July 9 » The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and all persons in the United States due process of law.
September 28 » The Battle of Alcolea causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France.
December 9 » The first traffic lights are installed, outside the Palace of Westminster in London. Resembling railway signals, they use semaphore arms and are illuminated at night by red and green gas lamps.
December 25 » Pardons for ex-Confederates: United States President Andrew Johnson grants an unconditional pardon to all Confederate veterans.
Christening day October 11, 1868
The temperature on October 11, 1868 was about 16.4 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 62%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
March 23 » The University of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into law.
April 10 » At Arogee in Abyssinia, British and Indian forces defeat an army of Emperor Tewodros II. While 700 Ethiopians are killed and many more injured, only two British/Indian troops die.
May 14 » Boshin War: The Battle of Utsunomiya Castle ends as former Tokugawa shogunate forces withdraw northward.
August 18 » French astronomer Pierre Janssen discovers helium.
September 19 » La Gloriosa begins in Spain.
September 28 » The Battle of Alcolea causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France.
Day of marriage September 21, 1897
The temperature on September 21, 1897 was about 12.0 °C. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 96%. Source: KNMI
January 31 » Czechoslav Trade Union Association is founded in Prague.
February 28 » Queen Ranavalona III, the last monarch of Madagascar, is deposed by a French military force.
May 26 » The original manuscript of William Bradford's history, "Of Plymouth Plantation" is returned to the Governor of Massachusetts by the Bishop of London after being taken during the American Revolutionary War.
August 2 » Anglo-Afghan War: The Siege of Malakand ends when a relief column is able to reach the British garrison in the Malakand states.
September 12 » Tirah Campaign: In the Battle of Saragarhi, ten thousand Pashtun tribesmen suffer several hundred casualties while attacking 21 Sikh soldiers in British service.
December 6 » London becomes the world's first city to host licensed taxicabs.
Day of death July 2, 1902
The temperature on July 2, 1902 was between 9.7 °C and 17.0 °C and averaged 13.2 °C. There was 4.8 hours of sunshine (29%). Source: KNMI
January 30 » The first Anglo-Japanese Alliance is signed in London.
April 2 » "Electric Theatre", the first full-time movie theater in the United States, opens in Los Angeles.
May 17 » Greek archaeologist Valerios Stais discovers the Antikythera mechanism, an ancient mechanical analog computer.
June 28 » The U.S. Congress passes the Spooner Act, authorizing President Theodore Roosevelt to acquire rights from Colombia for the Panama Canal.
August 22 » Cadillac Motor Company is founded.
December 28 » The Syracuse Athletic Club defeated the New York Philadelphians, 5–0, in the first indoor professional football game, which was held at Madison Square Garden.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Gert Esterhuizen, "Family tree Eric Esterhuizen", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-eric-esterhuizen/I15489.php : accessed January 2, 2026), "Petrus Stephanus PRETORIUS (1868-1902)".
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