Family tree Brouwer - Koster » Jan Koops Pol (1797-1876)

Day of marriage November 21, 1818

• The temperature on November 21, 1818 was about 3.0 °C. Wind direction mainly east. Weather type: helder betrokken winderig. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1818: Source: Wikipedia
  • January 2 » The British Institution of Civil Engineers is founded by a group of six engineers; Thomas Telford would later become its first president.
  • January 15 » A paper by David Brewster is read to the Royal Society, belatedly announcing his discovery of what we now call the biaxial class of doubly-refracting crystals. On the same day, Augustin-Jean Fresnel signs a "supplement" (submitted four days later) on reflection of polarized light.
  • April 5 » In the Battle of Maipú, Chile's independence movement, led by Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín, win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2,000 Spaniards and 1,000 Chilean patriots dead.
  • April 19 » French physicist Augustin Fresnel signs his preliminary "Note on the Theory of Diffraction" (deposited on the following day). The document ends with what we now call the Fresnel integrals.
  • July 29 » French physicist Augustin Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light", precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.
  • December 3 » Illinois becomes the 21st U.S. state.

Day of death February 3, 1876

• The temperature on February 3, 1876 was about -1.5 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m² and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 100%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
• In the year 1876: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 4.0 million citizens.
  • February 2 » The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs of Major League Baseball is formed.
  • February 14 » Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone, as does Elisha Gray.
  • May 2 » The April Uprising breaks out in Ottoman Bulgaria.
  • May 30 » Ottoman sultan Abdülaziz is deposed and succeeded by his nephew Murad V.
  • August 1 » Colorado is admitted as the 38th U.S. state.
  • November 17 » Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's "Slavonic March" is given its premiere performance in Moscow, Russia.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1832 » George Crabbe, English surgeon and poet (b. 1754)
• 1862 » Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician (b. 1774)
• 1866 » François-Xavier Garneau, Canadian poet, author, and historian (b. 1809)
• 1873 » Isaac Baker Brown, English gynecologist and surgeon (b. 1811)
• 1922 » John Butler Yeats, Irish painter and illustrator (b. 1839)
• 1924 » Woodrow Wilson, American historian, academic, and politician, 28th President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1856)