The temperature on November 22, 1837 was about 10.0 °C. Wind direction mainly west-southwest. Weather type: betrokken regen bui. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 8 » Richard Johnson becomes the first Vice President of the United States chosen by the United States Senate.
May 3 » The University of Athens is founded in Athens, Greece.
June 11 » The Broad Street Riot occurs in Boston, fueled by ethnic tensions between Yankees and Irish.
November 17 » An earthquake in Valdivia, south-central Chile, causes a tsunami that leads to significant destruction along Japan's coast.
December 17 » A fire in the Winter Palace of Saint Petersburg kills 30 guards.
December 25 » Second Seminole War: American general Zachary Taylor leads 1,100 troops against the Seminoles at the Battle of Lake Okeechobee.
Day of marriage October 31, 1860
The temperature on October 31, 1860 was about 10.6 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-southeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 48%. Source: KNMI
From March 18, 1858 till February 23, 1860 the Netherlands had a cabinet Rochussen - Van Bosse with the prime ministers J.J. Rochussen (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal).
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
February 27 » Abraham Lincoln makes a speech at Cooper Union in the city of New York that is largely responsible for his election to the Presidency.
April 3 » The first successful United States Pony Express run from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, begins.
April 9 » On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.
May 5 » Giuseppe Garibaldi sets sail from Genoa, leading the expedition of the Thousand to conquer the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and giving birth to the Kingdom of Italy.
October 18 » The Second Opium War finally ends at the Convention of Peking with the ratification of the Treaty of Tientsin, an unequal treaty.
October 26 » The Expedition of the Thousand ends when Giuseppe Garibaldi presents his conquests to King Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia.
Day of death March 25, 1900
The temperature on March 25, 1900 was about 4.3 °C. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 49%. Source: KNMI
February 6 » The Permanent Court of Arbitration, an international arbitration court at The Hague, is created when the Senate of the Netherlands ratifies an 1899 peace conference decree.
February 23 » Second Boer War: During the Battle of the Tugela Heights, the first British attempt to take Hart's Hill fails.
March 16 » Sir Arthur Evans purchased the land around the ruins of Knossos, the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete.
June 5 » Second Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria.
October 9 » The Cook Islands become a territory of the United Kingdom.
December 18 » The Upper Ferntree Gully to Gembrook, Victoria Narrow-gauge (2ft 6 in or 762mm) Railway (now the Puffing Billy Railway) in Victoria, Australia is opened for traffic.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Eric Brouwer, "Family tree Brouwer - Koster", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-eric-brouwer/I43370.php : accessed March 1, 2026), "Johannis Schippers (1837-1900)".
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