Family tree Brouwer - Koster » Jan Hindriks Koops (1798-1877)

Day of marriage September 20, 1818

• The temperature on September 20, 1818 was about 20.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south east. Weather type: half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1818: Source: Wikipedia
  • January 15 » A paper by David Brewster is read to the Royal Society, belatedly announcing his discovery of what we now call the biaxial class of doubly-refracting crystals. On the same day, Augustin-Jean Fresnel signs a "supplement" (submitted four days later) on reflection of polarized light.
  • February 12 » Bernardo O'Higgins formally approves the Chilean Declaration of Independence near Concepción, Chile.
  • April 20 » The case of Ashford v Thornton ends, with Abraham Thornton allowed to go free rather than face a retrial for murder, after his demand for trial by battle is upheld.
  • July 29 » French physicist Augustin Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light", precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.
  • September 7 » Carl III of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.
  • December 3 » Illinois becomes the 21st U.S. state.

Day of death April 18, 1877

• The temperature on April 18, 1877 was about 2.9 °C. The air pressure was 25 kgf/m² and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 58%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
• In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1877: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 4.0 million citizens.
  • March 15 » First ever official cricket test match is played: Australia vs England at the MCG Stadium, in Melbourne, Australia.
  • May 5 » American Indian Wars: Sitting Bull leads his band of Lakota into Canada to avoid harassment by the United States Army under Colonel Nelson Miles.
  • June 17 » American Indian Wars: Battle of White Bird Canyon: The Nez Perce defeat the U.S. Cavalry at White Bird Canyon in the Idaho Territory.
  • July 21 » After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia.
  • August 9 » Indian Wars: Battle of the Big Hole: A small band of Nez Percé Indians clash with the United States Army.
  • October 5 » The Nez Perce War in the northwestern United States comes to an end.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1859 » Tatya Tope, Indian general (b. 1814)
• 1864 » Juris Alunāns, Latvian philologist and linguist (b. 1832)
• 1873 » Justus von Liebig, German chemist and academic (b. 1803)
• 1898 » Gustave Moreau, French painter and academic (b. 1826)
• 1906 » Luis Martín, Spanish religious leader, 24th Superior-General of the Society of Jesus (b. 1846)
• 1912 » Martha Ripley, American physician (b. 1843)