The temperature on May 6, 1865 was about 19.1 °C. The air pressure was 10 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 42%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 18 » American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States adjourns for the last time.
March 19 » American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins. By the end of the battle two days later, Confederate forces had retreated from Four Oaks, North Carolina.
April 3 » American Civil War: Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States of America.
April 6 » American Civil War: The Battle of Sailor's Creek: Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights and loses its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia during the Appomattox Campaign.
June 28 » The Army of the Potomac is disbanded.
December 4 » North Carolina ratifies 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, followed soon by Georgia, and U.S. slaves were legally free within two weeks.
Day of marriage May 18, 1904
The temperature on May 18, 1904 was between 8.8 °C and 14.7 °C and averaged 11.6 °C. There was 6.9 hours of sunshine (44%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-southwest. Source: KNMI
January 23 » Ålesund Fire: the Norwegian coastal town Ålesund is devastated by fire, leaving 10,000 people homeless and one person dead. Kaiser Wilhelm II funds the rebuilding of the town in Jugendstil style.
February 9 » Russo-Japanese War: Battle of Port Arthur concludes.
August 10 » Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of the Yellow Sea between the Russian and Japanese battleship fleets takes place.
August 23 » The automobile tire chain is patented.
October 4 » The IFK Göteborg football club is founded in Sweden.
December 7 » Comparative fuel trials begin between warships HMSSpiteful and HMSPeterel: Spiteful was the first warship powered solely by fuel oil, and the trials led to the obsolescence of coal in ships of the Royal Navy.
Day of death December 17, 1940
The temperature on December 17, 1940 was between -0.8 °C and 0.9 °C and averaged 0.3 °C. There was 5.4 mm of rain during 3.8 hours. The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the south-southeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 10, 1939 to September 3, 1940 the cabinet De Geer II, with Jonkheer mr. D.J. de Geer (CHU) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from September 3, 1940 to July 27, 1941 the cabinet Gerbrandy I, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
January 7 » Winter War: Battle of Raate Road - The Finnish 9th Division finally defeat the numerically superior Soviet forces on the Raate-Suomussalmi road.
January 19 » You Nazty Spy!, the first Hollywood film of any kind to satirize Adolf Hitler and the Nazis premieres, starring The Three Stooges, with Moe Howard as the character "Moe Hailstone" satirizing Hitler.
June 12 » World War II: Thirteen thousand British and French troops surrender to Major General Erwin Rommel at Saint-Valery-en-Caux.
October 28 » Second World War: Greece rejects Italy's ultimatum. Italy invades Greece through Albania a few hours later.
November 14 » World War II: In England, Coventry is heavily bombed by German Luftwaffe bombers. Coventry Cathedral is almost completely destroyed.
December 14 » Plutonium (specifically Pu-238) is first isolated at Berkeley, California.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Eric Brouwer, "Family tree Brouwer - Koster", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-eric-brouwer/I14152.php : accessed March 6, 2026), "Martinus Gerla (1865-1940)".
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