The temperature on April 16, 1861 was about 14.6 °C. The air pressure was 3 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the northeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 43%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
March 10 » El Hadj Umar Tall seizes the city of Ségou, destroying the Bamana Empire of Mali.
May 13 » American Civil War: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation of neutrality" which recognizes the Confederacy as having belligerent rights.
September 17 » Argentine Civil Wars: The State of Buenos Aires defeats the Argentine Confederation at the Battle of Pavón.
October 1 » Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management is published, going on to sell 60,000 copies in its first year and remaining in print until the present day
December 4 » The 109 Electors of the several states of the Confederate States of America unanimously elect Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander H. Stephens as Vice President.
December 9 » American Civil War: The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War is established by the U.S. Congress.
Day of marriage April 29, 1888
The temperature on April 29, 1888 was about 9.2 °C. There was 0.7 mm of rain. The air pressure was 3 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 95%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from April 21, 1888 to August 21, 1891 the cabinet Mackay, with Mr. A. baron Mackay (AR) as prime minister.
January 13 » The National Geographic Society is founded in Washington, D.C.
June 15 » Crown Prince Wilhelm becomes Kaiser Wilhelm II; he will be the last Emperor of the German Empire. Due to the death of his predecessors Wilhelm I and Frederick III, 1888 is the Year of the Three Emperors.
August 14 » An audio recording of English composer Arthur Sullivan's "The Lost Chord", one of the first recordings of music ever made, is played during a press conference introducing Thomas Edison's phonograph in London, England.
August 31 » Mary Ann Nichols is murdered. She is the first of Jack the Ripper's confirmed victims.
September 4 » George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak and receives a patent for his camera that uses roll film.
October 21 » Foundation of the Swiss Social Democratic Party.
Day of death January 27, 1912
The temperature on January 27, 1912 was between -5.4 °C and -0.1 °C and averaged -2.1 °C. There was 5.3 hours of sunshine (60%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the northeast. Source: KNMI
January 11 » Immigrant textile workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts, go on strike when wages are reduced in response to a mandated shortening of the work week.
February 12 » The Xuantong Emperor, the last Emperor of China, abdicates.
March 12 » The Girl Guides (later renamed the Girl Scouts of the USA) are founded in the United States.
October 3 » U.S. forces defeat Nicaraguan rebels at the Battle of Coyotepe Hill.
October 7 » The Helsinki Stock Exchange sees its first transaction.
October 18 » First Balkan War: King Peter I of Serbia issues a declaration "To the Serbian People", as his country joins the war.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Peter Ens, "Family tree Ens", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-ens/I442.php : accessed February 18, 2026), "Dirk Zwakman (1861-1912)".
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