The temperature on December 16, 1838 was about -1.0 °C. Wind direction mainly east-northeast. Weather type: betrokken windstil. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 28 » Robert Nelson, leader of the Patriotes, proclaims the independence of Lower Canada (today Quebec).
June 10 » Myall Creek massacre: Twenty-eight Aboriginal Australians are murdered.
June 28 » Coronation of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
October 5 » The Killough massacre in east Texas sees eighteen Texian settlers either killed or kidnapped.
October 27 » Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state or be killed.
December 16 » Great Trek: Battle of Blood River: Voortrekkers led by Andries Pretorius and Sarel Cilliers defeat Zulu impis, led by Dambuza (Nzobo) and Ndlela kaSompisi in what is today KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Day of marriage February 21, 1863
The temperature on February 21, 1863 was about 0.1 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 86%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 30 » Danish prince Wilhelm Georg is chosen as King George of Greece.
May 18 » American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg begins.
June 14 » Second Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson during the American Civil War.
July 13 » New York City draft riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
August 16 » The Dominican Restoration War begins when Gregorio Luperón raises the Dominican flag in Santo Domingo after Spain had recolonized the country.
September 9 » American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Day of death September 28, 1909
The temperature on September 28, 1909 was between 8.7 °C and 15.0 °C and averaged 11.8 °C. There was 4.0 mm of rain. There was 0.7 hours of sunshine (6%). The average windspeed was 1 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the east-southeast. Source: KNMI
January 9 » Ernest Shackleton, leading the Nimrod Expedition to the South Pole, plants the British flag 97 nautical miles (180km; 112mi) from the South Pole, the farthest anyone had ever reached at that time.
April 6 » Robert Peary and Matthew Henson become the first people to reach the North Pole; Peary's claim has been disputed because of failings in his navigational ability.
August 7 » Alice Huyler Ramsey and three friends become the first women to complete a transcontinental auto trip, taking 59 days to travel from New York, New York to San Francisco, California.
September 30 » The Cunard Line's RMS Mauretania makes a record-breaking westbound crossing of the Atlantic, that will not be bettered for 20 years.
October 16 » William Howard Taft and Porfirio Díaz hold the first summit between a U.S. and a Mexican president. They narrowly escape assassination.
December 14 » New South Wales Premier Charles Wade signs the Seat of Government Surrender Act 1909, formally completing the transfer of State land to the Commonwealth to create the Australian Capital Territory.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: P. Heres, "Family tree Eilander", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-eilander/I1099492314.php : accessed January 18, 2026), "Jannes Martens (1838-1909)".
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