May 13 » Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after being convicted of treason.
June 10 » Thirty Years' War: Battle of Záblatí, a turning point in the Bohemian Revolt.
July 30 » In Jamestown, Virginia, the first Colonial European representative assembly in the Americas, the Virginia General Assembly, convenes for the first time.
August 28 » Election of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.
November 7 » Elizabeth Stuart is crowned Queen of Bohemia.
December 4 » Thirty-eight colonists arrive at Berkeley Hundred, Virginia. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God."
February 19 » The Second Battle of Guararapes takes place, effectively ending Dutch colonization efforts in Brazil.
May 19 » An Act of Parliament declaring England a Commonwealth is passed by the Long Parliament. England would be a republic for the next eleven years.
June 1 » Start of the Sumuroy Revolt: Filipinos in Northern Samar led by Agustin Sumuroy revolt against Spanish colonial authorities.
September 2 » The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro.
October 11 » Cromwell's New Model Army Sacks Wexford, killing over 2,000 Irish Confederate troops and 1,500 civilians.
October 19 » New Ross town in Ireland surrenders to Oliver Cromwell.
March 8 » Treaty of Roskilde: After a devastating defeat in the Northern Wars (1655–1661), Frederick III, the King of Denmark–Norway is forced to give up nearly half his territory to Sweden to save the rest.
May 29 » Battle of Samugarh: decisive battle in the struggle for the throne during the Mughal war of succession (1658–1659).
June 3 » Pope Alexander VII appoints François de Laval vicar apostolic in New France.
July 31 » Aurangzeb is proclaimed Mughal emperor of India.
September 3 » The death of Oliver Cromwell; Richard Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England.
October 29 » Second Northern War: Naval forces of the Dutch Republic defeat the Swedes in the Battle of the Sound.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: J Eijsermans, "Eijsermans family tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-eijsermans/I543374.php : accessed January 18, 2026), "Leonard Adriaan de Gruyter (-1658)".
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