The temperature on September 2, 1819 was about 17.0 °C. Wind direction mainly west. Weather type: half bewolkt winderig regen. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 19 » British explorer William Smith discovers the South Shetland Islands and claims them in the name of King George III.
February 22 » By the Adams–Onís Treaty, Spain sells Florida to the United States for five million U.S. dollars.
June 16 » A major earthquake strikes the Kutch district of western India, killing over 1,543 people and raising a 6m high, 6km wide, ridge, extending for at least 80km, that was known as the Allah Bund ("Dam of God").
June 20 » The U.S. vessel SSSavannah arrives at Liverpool, United Kingdom. It is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic, although most of the journey is made under sail.
August 6 » Norwich University is founded in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States.
August 16 » Peterloo Massacre: Seventeen people die and over 600 are injured in cavalry charges at a public meeting at St. Peter's Field, Manchester, England.
Day of death March 22, 1862
The temperature on March 22, 1862 was about 1.3 °C. There was 0.2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 12 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 76%. Source: KNMI
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 31 » Alvan Graham Clark discovers the white dwarf star Sirius B, a companion of Sirius, through an 18.5-inch (47cm) telescope now located at Northwestern University.
March 7 » American Civil War: Union forces engage Confederate troops at the Pea Ridge in northwestern Arkansas.
April 12 » American Civil War: The Andrews Raid (the Great Locomotive Chase) occurs, starting from Big Shanty, Georgia (now Kennesaw).
August 6 » American Civil War: The Confederate ironclad CSSArkansas is scuttled on the Mississippi River after suffering catastrophic engine failure near Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
August 17 » American Indian Wars: The Dakota War of 1862 begins in Minnesota as Dakota warriors attack white settlements along the Minnesota River.
September 13 » American Civil War: Union soldiers find a copy of Robert E. Lee's battle plans in a field outside Frederick, Maryland. It is the prelude to the Battle of Antietam.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Wilma During, "Family tree During, van der Kolk, van den Bosch, Prins, Stegeman, Molenaar, Bos", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-during/R196.php : accessed February 18, 2026), "Gerrigje Top (1799-1862)".
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