Family tree Drewes » Carolus Maximilianus Smulders (1832-1865)

Day of marriage July 23, 1858

• The temperature on July 23, 1858 was about 17.0 °C. There was 0.7 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m² and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 90%. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
• From March 18, 1858 till February 23, 1860 the Netherlands had a cabinet Rochussen - Van Bosse with the prime ministers J.J. Rochussen (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal).
• In the year 1858: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • January 9 » Anson Jones, the last President of the Republic of Texas, commits suicide.
  • April 10 » After the original Big Ben, a 14.5 tonnes (32,000lb) bell for the Palace of Westminster, had cracked during testing, it is recast into the current 13.76 tonnes (30,300lb) bell by Whitechapel Bell Foundry.
  • May 15 » Opening of the present Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London.
  • August 2 » The Government of India Act 1858 replaces Company rule in India with that of the British Raj.
  • August 16 » U.S. President James Buchanan inaugurates the new transatlantic telegraph cable by exchanging greetings with Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. However, a weak signal forces a shutdown of the service in a few weeks.
  • August 20 » Charles Darwin first publishes his theory of evolution through natural selection in The Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, alongside Alfred Russel Wallace's same theory.

Day of death July 16, 1865

• The temperature on July 16, 1865 was about 28.8 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m² and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 56%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1865: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • February 20 » End of the Uruguayan War, with a peace agreement between President Tomás Villalba and rebel leader Venancio Flores, setting the scene for the destructive War of the Triple Alliance.
  • March 16 » American Civil War: The Battle of Averasborough began as Confederate forces suffer irreplaceable casualties in the final months of the war.
  • March 18 » American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States adjourns for the last time.
  • April 26 » Union cavalry troopers corner and shoot dead John Wilkes Booth, assassin of President Abraham Lincoln, in Virginia.
  • May 12 » American Civil War: The Battle of Palmito Ranch: The first day of the last major land action to take place during the Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory.
  • December 24 » Jonathan Shank and Barry Ownby form The Ku Klux Klan.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1849 » Sarah Allen, African-American missionary for the African Methodist Episcopal Church (b. 1764)
• 1868 » Dmitry Pisarev, Russian author and critic (b. 1840)
• 1879 » Edward Deas Thomson, Scottish-Australian politician, 3rd Chief Secretary of New South Wales (b. 1800)
• 1882 » Mary Todd Lincoln, First Lady of the United States 1861-1865 (b. 1818)
• 1886 » Ned Buntline, American journalist and author (b. 1823)
• 1896 » Edmond de Goncourt, French critic and publisher, founded Académie Goncourt (b. 1822)