The temperature on April 12, 1861 was about 6.3 °C. The air pressure was 2.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 94%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
March 4 » The first national flag of the Confederate States of America (the "Stars and Bars") is adopted.
May 13 » Pakistan's (then a part of British India) first railway line opens, from Karachi to Kotri.
July 26 » American Civil War: George B. McClellan assumes command of the Army of the Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.
October 21 » American Civil War: Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war.
November 20 » American Civil War: A secession ordinance is filed by Kentucky's Confederate government.
December 4 » The 109 Electors of the several states of the Confederate States of America unanimously elect Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander H. Stephens as Vice President.
Day of death October 4, 1863
The temperature on October 4, 1863 was about 17.0 °C. The air pressure was 10 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 82%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
April 16 » American Civil War: During the Vicksburg Campaign, gunboats commanded by acting Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter run downriver past Confederate artillery batteries at Vicksburg.
August 8 » American Civil War: Following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President Jefferson Davis (which is refused upon receipt).
August 16 » The Dominican Restoration War begins when Gregorio Luperón raises the Dominican flag in Santo Domingo after Spain had recolonized the country.
August 21 » Lawrence, Kansas is destroyed by pro-Confederate guerrillas known as Quantrill's Raiders.
September 20 » American Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga, in northwestern Georgia, ends in a Confederate victory.
November 27 » American Civil War: Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and several of his men escape the Ohio Penitentiary and return safely to the South.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Emile Dobbelstein, "STamboom Dobbelstein", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-dobbelstein/I345.php : accessed March 3, 2026), "Joannes Bendermacher (1861-1863)".
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