The temperature on April 13, 1857 was about 5.1 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 7 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The atmospheric humidity was 91%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
January 24 » The University of Calcutta is formally founded as the first fully fledged university in South Asia.
March 23 » Elisha Otis's first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway New York City.
March 29 » Sepoy Mangal Pandey of the 34th Regiment, Bengal Native Infantry mutinies against the East India Company's rule in India and inspires the protracted Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.
May 11 » Indian Rebellion of 1857: Indian rebels seize Delhi from the British.
June 26 » The first investiture of the Victoria Cross in Hyde Park, London.
September 22 » The Russian warship Lefort capsizes and sinks during a storm in the Gulf of Finland, killing all 826 aboard.
Day of marriage January 8, 1890
The temperature on January 8, 1890 was about 2.3 °C. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
July 10 » Wyoming is admitted as the 44th U.S. state.
August 6 » At Auburn Prison in New York, murderer William Kemmler becomes the first person to be executed by electric chair.
August 7 » Anna Månsdotter became the last woman to be executed in Sweden for the 1889 Yngsjö murder.
October 11 » In Washington, D.C., the Daughters of the American Revolution is founded.
December 15 » Hunkpapa Lakota leader Sitting Bull is killed on Standing Rock Indian Reservation, leading to the Wounded Knee Massacre.
December 29 » Wounded Knee Massacre on Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, 300 Lakota are killed by the United States 7th Cavalry Regiment.
Day of death October 1, 1890
The temperature on October 1, 1890 was about 14.2 °C. The air pressure was 11 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 85%. Source: KNMI
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: W. Wamsteker-Dirkx, "Family tree Dirkx", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-dirkx/I1015.php : accessed February 4, 2026), "Martina Paardekam (1857-1890)".
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