The temperature on December 25, 1815 was about 4.0 °C. Wind direction mainly west-northwest. Weather type: half bewolkt omtrent betrokken winderig hagel. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 3 » Austria, the United Kingdom, and France form a secret defensive alliance against Prussia and Russia.
February 26 » Napoleon Bonaparte escapes from Elba.
March 20 » After escaping from Elba, Napoleon enters Paris with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000, beginning his "Hundred Days" rule.
March 30 » Joachim Murat issues the Rimini Proclamation which would later inspire Italian unification.
December 11 » The U.S. Senate creates a select committee on finance and a uniform national currency, predecessor of the United States Senate Committee on Finance.
December 23 » The novel Emma by Jane Austen is first published.
Day of death March 20, 1888
The temperature on March 20, 1888 was about -1.3 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 4 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 92%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from April 21, 1888 to August 21, 1891 the cabinet Mackay, with Mr. A. baron Mackay (AR) as prime minister.
March 15 » Start of the Anglo-Tibetan War of 1888.
June 15 » Crown Prince Wilhelm becomes Kaiser Wilhelm II; he will be the last Emperor of the German Empire. Due to the death of his predecessors Wilhelm I and Frederick III, 1888 is the Year of the Three Emperors.
August 31 » Mary Ann Nichols is murdered. She is the first of Jack the Ripper's confirmed victims.
September 4 » George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak and receives a patent for his camera that uses roll film.
September 22 » The first issue of National Geographic Magazine is published.
September 30 » Jack the Ripper kills his third and fourth victims, Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes.
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The Family tree Den Boer en Groot publication was prepared by Fred den Boer (contact is not possible).
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Fred den Boer, "Family tree Den Boer en Groot", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-den-boer-en-groot/I508700.php : accessed May 21, 2024), "Pieter Zwier (1815-1888)".
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